Effects of Sodium Phenobarbital on Brain Stimulation Behavior, Behavioral Seizures, and EEG Seizure Activity

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon N. Schnare ◽  
Irmingard I. Lenzer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Sodium Phenobarbital ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rate Of Response ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of sodium phenobarbital on (a) behavior reinforced by electrical stimulation of the brain, (b) behavioral seizures, and (c) EEG seizure activity were observed in seven male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rate of response on placebo day, over a 30-min. continuous reinforcement session, was compared to rate of response on drug day; an increase in response on the drug day over the placebo day was called a positive phenobarbital effect and a decrease a negative phenobarbital effect. For some animals the positive phenobarbital effect disappeared when the animal's rate of response was calculated for seizure-free time, i.e., when the time spent in seizure was subtracted from the 30-min. period. For other animals, however, the phenobarbital effect, whether positive or negative, was not directly related to time gained on the drug day compared to the placebo day. A new concept was advanced, that of seizure-proneness, measured by the number and duration of seizures and spike after-discharges. Significant correlations were found for seizure-proneness and phenobarbital effect.

Effects of 2, 5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine (DOM, STP) on Successive Sensory Discrimination Behavior Maintained by Electrical Stimulation of the Brain Reinforcement in the Rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1083-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Vincent ◽  
Irmingard I. Lenzer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Sensory Discrimination ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of DOM (2, 5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine) on behavior reinforced by electrical stimulation of the brain were observed in five male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were trained on a successive discrimination task: the SD interval lasted as long as it took the animal to make one lever-press; the SΔ interval was variable, with a mean duration of 60 sec. Following DOM administration, response latencies to the SD were longer during the first 75 min. and SΔ responding was augmented over the 2-hr. session. Gross behavioral effects such as hypokinesia and ataxia were observed for a large part of the session. While increased response latencies may be attributed to hypokinesia and ataxia, increases in SΔ responding reflect a breakdown of discrimination itself. Severe behavioral depression was not observed, suggesting that electrical stimulation of the brain may have counteracted the depressive effect of the amphetamine.

Autonomic control after blockade of the norepinephrine transporter: a model of orthostatic intolerance

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2192-2198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Carson ◽  
André Diedrich ◽  
David Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Genetic Form ◽  
Stimulation Of

Orthostatic intolerance is a debilitating syndrome characterized by tachycardia on assumption of upright posture. The norepinephrine (NE) transporter (NET) has been implicated in a genetic form of the disorder. We assessed the combined central and peripheral effects of pharmacological NET blockade on cardiovascular regulation and baroreflex sensitivity in rats. NE reuptake was blocked chronically in female Sprague-Dawley rats by the NET antagonist desipramine (DMI). Treated animals demonstrated an elevated supine heart rate, reduced tyramine responsiveness, and a reduced plasma ratio of the intraneuronal NE metabolite dihydroxyphenylglycol relative to NE, all of which are consistent with observations in human NET deficiency. Spectral analysis revealed a dramatic decrease in low-frequency spectral power after DMI that was consistent with decreased sympathetic outflow. Stimulation of the baroreflex with the vasodilator nitroprusside revealed an attenuated tachycardia in DMI-treated animals. This indicated that the DMI-induced sympathoinhibitory effects of increased NE in the brain stem predominates over the functional elevation of NE stimulation of peripheral targets. Thus attenuated baroreflex function and reduced sympathetic outflow may contribute to the orthostatic intolerance of severe NET deficiency.

Lever-Pressing Performance for Brain Stimulation on F-I and V-I Schedules in a Single-Lever Situation

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Brown ◽  
Jay A. Trowill
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Single Lever ◽  
Lever Pressing ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Rats were trained to lever press for electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) and ultimately were assigned to either a fixed interval 1 min. (FI-1 min.) or a variable interval 1 min. (VI-1 min.) schedule of reinforcement. All Ss easily attained and maintained responding on the schedule to which they had been assigned. Patterns of responding during training and extinction were similar to those observed when conventional rewards, such as food or water, are used. Fixed-interval Ss demonstrated scalloped responding; variable-interval Ss demonstrated steady rates of responding. The implications of these results for understanding ESB as a reward are discussed.

scholarly journals Erratum

Cephalalgia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. NP1-NP1
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Print Version ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

Zhao Y, Martins-Oliveira M, Akerman S, and Goadsby PJ. Comparative effects of traditional Chinese and Western migraine medicines in an animal model of nociceptive trigeminovascular activation. Cephalalgia. Epub ahead of print 24 August 2017. DOI: 10.1177/0333102417728245 In this article, some data was incorrectly reported in the following sentences. The corrections are shown in bold font below: Page 2: Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–370 g) were anesthetized using a single dose of sodium pentobarbital (60 mg kg−1 i.p.; Nembutal, Diamondback Drugs, Scottsdale, AZ) for induction, and propofol (20–25 mg kg−1 h−1 i.v., Propoflo, Abbott, Abbott Park, IL, USA) for maintenance throughout the experiment. Page 3: The data collected as post-stimulus histograms after electrical stimulation of the dura mater for Ad-fibers represent the number of cells fired over at least a 10 ms period in the region 5–20 ms, and for C-fibers 20–80 ms, post-stimulation over the 20 collections. Page 3: Recordings were made from 54 neurons (in 54 rats) responsive to dural stimulation. The print version of this article has been corrected.

Electrical Stimulation of the Brain for Psychiatric Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Nuttin ◽  
Loes Gabriëls ◽  
Paul Cosyns ◽  
Jan Gybels
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractDespite advances in therapies, there remain psychiatric patients who are extremely ill and cannot be helped by classic psychiatric treatments, including psychotherapy and drug therapy. Certain of these patients may be helped by use of bilateral brain lesioning. The complication rate of standard stereotactic psychosurgery techniques is very low. The main rationale for the continued experimental use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in neurosurgery for mental disorders is its reversibility. This reversibility is not an advantage in terms of the benefits obtained, but rather if side effects emerge. In addition, electrical stimulation may provide patients with some autonomy for their treatment. The first, very preliminary results of electrical stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder and for a small heterogeneous group of patients with other psychiatric disorders have been published. Electrical stimulation of the brain for psychiatric disorders may become a new treatment option for certain intractable psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action of DBS in psychiatric disorders is unknown, and the experience with this modality is extremely limited. The first results look promising, but this treatment option may prove unusable for some time because of a lack of knowledge of appropriate brain stimulation targets and technical problems such as the availability of sufficient current supply.

PITUITARY HORMONE RESPONSE TO BRAIN STIMULATION IN MAN

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. FRANKEL ◽  
J. S. JENKINS
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Orbital Part ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY Plasma cortisol, GH and LH responses to electrical stimulation of the orbital part of the frontal lobe and the cingulate area of the brain were studied in patients undergoing limbic leucotomy. In six out of 15 patients the plasma cortisol levels increased by 5·7–18·0 μg/100 ml after orbito-frontal stimulation whereas plasma GH values did not rise during this period. Plasma LH levels remained unchanged. No definite hormone responses could be attributed to stimulation of the cingulate area. It appears that the orbito-frontal area of the brain is concerned with augmenting the release of ACTH but not that of GH or LH.

scholarly journals The Cerebral Localization of Pain: Anatomical and Functional Considerations for Targeted Electrical Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose M. Caston ◽  
Elliot H. Smith ◽  
Tyler S. Davis ◽  
John D. Rolston
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Millions of people in the United States are affected by chronic pain, and the financial cost of pain treatment is weighing on the healthcare system. In some cases, current pharmacological treatments may do more harm than good, as with the United States opioid crisis. Direct electrical stimulation of the brain is one potential non-pharmacological treatment with a long history of investigation. Yet brain stimulation has been far less successful than peripheral or spinal cord stimulation, perhaps because of our limited understanding of the neural circuits involved in pain perception. In this paper, we review the history of using electrical stimulation of the brain to treat pain, as well as contemporary studies identifying the structures involved in pain networks, such as the thalamus, insula, and anterior cingulate. We propose that the thermal grill illusion, an experimental pain model, can facilitate further investigation of these structures. Pairing this model with intracranial recording will provide insight toward disentangling the neural correlates from the described anatomic areas. Finally, the possibility of altering pain perception with brain stimulation in these regions could be highly informative for the development of novel brain stimulation therapies for chronic pain.

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