Effects of Test Anxiety and Testing Conditions on Intelligence Test Scores of Elementary School Boys and Girls

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filson A. Young ◽  
Marvin Brown
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Fear Of Success ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
High Anxious ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores

264 grade five boys and girls were divided into high, middle, and low test-anxious and were matched on previously obtained IQs. Group intelligence tests were then administered under either relaxed or achievement-oriented conditions. The hypotheses were suggested by test anxiety theory. The prediction that low-anxious Ss would perform better under achievement conditions than under relaxed conditions was supported by the results for the boys but not for the girls. The results failed to support predictions that highly anxious Ss would perform better under relaxed conditions or that there would be little difference between the performance of the low- and high-anxious Ss under relaxed conditions. Horner's concept of fear of success in women was suggested as an explanation for the differences among the low-anxious Ss. Low-anxious boys improved their performance from relaxed to achievement conditions, while that of the girls deteriorated under the achievement condition.

8. Does intelligence matter for health and longer life?

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores

The new field of cognitive epidemiology looks at whether intelligence tests might have some predictive power in health, and even for death. ‘Does intelligence matter for good health and long life?’ discusses the results of various studies that link the results of intelligence tests at age 11 with medical records in later life. The results show that there is a robust association between higher intelligence test scores in early life and living longer, and having a lower risk of dying from several causes. They also show that, on average, people with higher childhood intelligence have a lower risk of developing various illnesses and are more likely to adopt healthier behaviours as adults.

Understanding Terminal Decline in Cognition and Risk of Death

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rabbitt ◽  
Mary Lunn ◽  
Danny Wong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Impending Death ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Reduced Risk

There is new empirical evidence that the effects of impending death on cognition have been miscalculated because of neglect of the incidence of dropout and of practice gains during longitudinal studies. When these are taken into consideration, amounts and rates of cognitive declines preceding death and dropout are seen to be almost identical, and participants aged 49 to 93 years who neither dropout nor die show little or no decline during a 20-year longitudinal study. Practice effects are theoretically informative. Positive gains are greater for young and more intelligent participants and at all levels of intelligence and durations of practice; declines in scores of 10% or more between successive quadrennial test sessions are risk factors for mortality. Higher baseline intelligence test scores are also associated with reduced risk of mortality, even when demographics and socioeconomic advantage have been taken into consideration.

The Effects of Repeated Retesting: III. Further Experiments and General Conclusions

1950 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Cane ◽  
A. W. Heim
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Technical College ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Third ◽  
Joint Interpretation ◽  
Unselected Population ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Technical College Students

This is the third of a series of papers dealing with the effects of repeated retesting on intelligence test scores. It comprises an account of two further experiments, and a discussion of the four so far performed, since each throws light on the results of the others and it is their joint interpretation which is thought to be of value. The two earlier experiments consisted in repeated testing of a group of W.E.A. students and a group of mentally defective boys by an intelligence test (AH 4) designed for an unselected population. In the two later experiments, a group of Technical College students and a group of Naval Ratings were repeatedly tested on another intelligence test (AH 5), designed for a population of high-grade intelligence, such as university students. Examination of all the results confirms the artificiality of the “ceiling effect” which was suspected in the first experiment; it suggests that, given sufficient scope, subjects of all levels of intelligence would, with repeated trials on the same test, continue to improve their score up to and beyond 10 testing; and that, given comparable opportunity, subjects with initially higher scores will tend to improve more than those with initially lower scores. All these results concern short-term experiments with testing at weekly intervals. The four sets of results considered jointly indicate that conclusions on these problems should be drawn only in terms of the relation between the level of the test and that of the group tested: this offers some resolution of the conflicting findings of earlier investigators.

Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia and Physical and Cognitive Performance at 17 Years of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 828-833
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Seidman ◽  
Ido Paz ◽  
David K. Stevenson ◽  
Arie Laor ◽  
Yehuda L. Danon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Coombs Test ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
The Military

To estimate the effect of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia on long-term cognitive ability in full-term newborns with a negative Coombs test, we performed a 17-year historical prospective study of 1948 subjects. Intelligence tests and medical examinations performed at the military draft board were stratified according to serum bilirubin concentration. A logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for the confounding effects of gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, ethnic origin, socioeconomic class, paternal education, birth order, and the administration of phototherapy and exchange transfusion. No direct linear association was shown between neonatal bilirubin levels and intelligence test scores or school achievement at 17 years of age. However, the risk for low intelligence test scores (IQ score <85) was found to be significantly higher (P = .014) among full-term male subjects with serum bilirubin levels above 342 µmol/L (20 mg/dL) (odds ratio, 2.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-6.79). This association was not observed among female subjects. We conclude that severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, among full-term male newborns with a negative Coombs test, could be associated with lower IQ scores at 17 years of age.

INFLUENCE OF SODIUM AMYTAL ON INTELLIGENCE-TEST SCORES

The Lancet ◽  
1942 ◽  
Vol 239 (6197) ◽  
pp. 676-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Slater ◽  
William Sargant ◽  
Margaret Glen
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores

scholarly journals Intelligence Test Scores Before and After Alcohol‐Related Disorders—A Longitudinal Study of Danish Male Conscripts

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2187-2195
Author(s):  
Marie Grønkjær ◽  
Trine Flensborg‐Madsen ◽  
Merete Osler ◽  
Holger Jelling Sørensen ◽  
Ulrik Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores
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