"LEARNING WITHOUT AWARENESS" OF RESPONSES TO PERCEPTUAL AND VERBAL STIMULI AS A FUNCTIONOF REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALTER B. ESSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
Learning Without Awareness

Skinner’s verbal behavior: functions of quoting in Verbal Behavior

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizeu Borloti
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
General Description ◽  
Verbal Stimuli

Verbal Behavior (VB) was the most important Skinner’s work. Generic self-analysis of the behavior registered on VB appears in its final parts and in others of the author’s books. This paper describes the functions of two specific under-classes of quoting episodes with transcription from other author’s text emitted by Skinner on VB. It deals with a historical research of the VB as the register of Skinner’s verbal behavior. From the general description of quoting with transcription, it establishes a functional analysis of two distinct under-classes by its autoclitic frame, according to a behavioral hermeneutics: a method that instructs a description of the controls on the interpretation. The formal-functional variations of quoting are informed: accurate verbal stimuli evocated the “argumentative” quoting (emitted with descriptive autoclitics) and the non-accurate, the “counter-argumentative” ones (emitted with manipulative and/or negation autoclitics). Despite of the difficulty in discriminating all controls on the interpretation, the paper shows the functional consistency of some the devices of persuasion in the Skinnerian rhetoric.

scholarly journals EEG Correlates of Old/New Discrimination Performance Involving Abstract Figures and Non-Words

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Monika Toth ◽  
Anke Sambeth ◽  
Arjan Blokland
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
New Item

The processing of pre-experimentally unfamiliar stimuli such as abstract figures and non-words is poorly understood. Here, we considered the role of memory strength in the discrimination process of such stimuli using a three-phase old/new recognition memory paradigm. Memory strength was manipulated as a function of the levels of processing (deep vs. shallow) and repetition. Behavioral results were matched to brain responses using EEG. We found that correct identification of the new abstract figures and non-words was superior to old item recognition when they were merely studied without repetition, but not when they were semantically processed or drawn. EEG results indicated that successful new item identification was marked by a combination of the absence of familiarity (N400) and recollection (P600) for the studied figures. For both the abstract figures and the non-words, the parietal P600 was found to differentiate between the old and new items (late old/new effects). The present study extends current knowledge on the processing of pre-experimentally unfamiliar figurative and verbal stimuli by showing that their discrimination depends on experimentally induced memory strength and that the underlying brain processes differ. Nevertheless, the P600, similar to pre-experimentally familiar figures and words, likely reflects improved recognition memory of meaningless pictorial and verbal items.

Selective Action of Pentobarbital on Component Behaviors of a Reinforcement Schedule

Science ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 124 (3217) ◽  
pp. 367-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. HERRNSTEIN ◽  
W. H. MORSE
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Selective Action

“Freeloading” in a Runway as a Function of Amount of Training and Type of Reinforcement Schedule

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin M. Leung ◽  
Glen D. Jensen ◽  
Richard P. Tapley
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Single Pellet ◽  
Skinner Box

2 groups of 60 rats received either 75 or 285 runs in a runway before being given a choice between freeloading from a dish of pellets in the start box or running the maze for a single pellet. The 285-trial Ss showed less willingness to perform the operant than the 75-trial Ss. This is opposite to what Jensen (1963) had found in the Skinner box. Schedule of reinforcement (100 vs 50%) during training did not significantly affect freeloading scores.

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