Relations between Perceptual and Physiological Response during Incremental Exercise Followed by an Extended Bout of Submaximal Exercise on a Cycle Ergometer

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 653-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Demura ◽  
Yoshinori Nagasawa
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
Highly Correlated

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) of the legs, chest, and overall body with physiological responses (heart rate and oxygen uptake) both during incremental cycling exercise and the recovery stage (submaximal light exercise after total exhaustion). Subjects were 10 healthy university males ages 18 to 23 years ( M age = 20.5 yr., SD= 1.4 yr.) who performed incremental cycling exercise until exhaustion after 1-min. rest and unloaded cycling for 2 min. They then continued to exercise at a constant load of 30 Watts (used for cooling down; recovery stage) for a total of 25 min. Oxygen uptake and heart rate were measured, and three types of RPE were done; Respiratory (chest; RPE-R), Peripheral (legs; RPE-P), and Overall (overall body; RPE-O) during the exercise and recovery stage. All variables during exercise and RPE-R and RPE-P during recovery stage showed significant linear changes. RPE-O and physiological exercise intensity (oxygen uptake and heart rate) in the recovery stage showed significant curvilinear changes (quadratic). RPE-P were significantly higher than RPE-R both during exercise and the recovery stage and the variables highly correlated ( r ≥.88, p <.05). At the point of exhaustion, RPE-P and RPE-O almost reached a peak, but RPE-R did not. In the exercise period until exhaustion, the regression coefficient of RPE-R (.38) was significantly lower than that of RPE-P (.56) and RPE-O (.50), and RPE-R increased according to an increase of the incremental load, but the amount was significantly lower than those of RPE-P and RPE-O. In the recovery stage after exhaustion, the regression coefficient of RPE-O (−1.35) was significantly greater than that of RPE-P (−1.07). A decrease in RPE-O corresponded to a decrease in heart rate and oxygen uptake, but RPE-P did not, and the recovery of RPE-P tended to be late. The results suggest that relations for the physiological responses of heart rate, oxygen uptake, and RPE, and between each RPE in the recovery stage differed from those during exercise until exhaustion.

Perceived Exertion during Physical Exercise among Individuals High and Low in Fitness

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios K. Travlos ◽  
Daniel Q. Marisi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Workload Analysis ◽  
Fitness Level

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of fitness level and gradually increased amounts of exercise on individuals' ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). 20 men served as paid subjects. They were divided into groups of high (>56 ml/kg/min.) and low fitness (<46 ml/kg/min.) according to their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Participants were required to pedal on a cycle ergometer at a progressively increased workload (every 10 min.) corresponding to 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of individual VO2 max values. Heart rates, RPE, and core temperatures were recorded every 5th minute after the initiation of exercising at a specific workload. Analysis indicated that, when controlling for VO2 max values, elevations of heart rate and core temperature were not affected by fitness. However, highly fit individuals perceived themselves under less exertion than did the group low in fitness. Correlations showed that, taking into consideration fitness, there is a stronger relationship between RPE and heart rate and RPE and core temperature for the highly fit individuals than for the less fit.

scholarly journals Differences in physiological responses to cardio-pulmonary exercise testing in adults with type 1 diabetes and controls without type 1 diabetes – a pooled analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max L. Eckstein ◽  
Juliano Boufleur Farinha ◽  
Olivia McCarthy ◽  
Daniel J. West ◽  
Jane E. Yardley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Design And Methods

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> <p>To investigate physiological responses to cardio-pulmonary exercise (CPX) testing in adults with type 1 diabetes compared to age-, sex- and body mass index- (BMI) matched controls without type 1 diabetes.</p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b></p> <p>We compared results from CPX tests on a cycle ergometer in individuals with type 1 diabetes and controls without type 1 diabetes. Parameters were peak and threshold variables of oxygen uptake, heart rate and power output. Differences between groups were investigated via restricted maximum likelihood modelling and post-hoc tests. Differences between groups were explained by stepwise linear regressions (p<0.05). </p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>Among 303 individuals with type 1 diabetes (age 33 [22; 43] years, 93 females, BMI 23.6 [22; 26] kg/m<sup>2</sup>, HbA<sub>1c</sub> 6.9 [6.2; 7.7]%; 52 [44; 61] mmol/mol), peak oxygen uptake (32.55 [26.49; 38.72] vs. 42.67 ± 10.44) (mL/kg/min), peak heart rate (179 [170; 187] vs. 184 [175; 191]) (bpm) and peak power (216 [171; 253] vs. 245 [200; 300]) (Watt) were lower in comparison to 308 controls without type 1 diabetes (all p<0.001). Individuals with type 1 diabetes displayed an impaired degree and direction of the heart rate to performance curve compared against controls without type 1 diabetes (0.07 [-0.75; 1.09] vs. 0.66 [-0.28; 1.45] (p<0.001)). None of the exercise physiological responses were associated with HbA<sub>1c</sub> in individuals with type 1 diabetes.</p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> <p>Individuals with type 1 diabetes show altered responses to CPX testing, which cannot be explained by HbA<sub>1c</sub>. Intriguingly, the participants in our cohort consisted of people with recent-onset type 1 diabetes, heart rate dynamics were altered during CPX testing. </p>

scholarly journals Differences in physiological responses to cardio-pulmonary exercise testing in adults with type 1 diabetes and controls without type 1 diabetes – a pooled analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max L. Eckstein ◽  
Juliano Boufleur Farinha ◽  
Olivia McCarthy ◽  
Daniel J. West ◽  
Jane E. Yardley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Design And Methods

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> <p>To investigate physiological responses to cardio-pulmonary exercise (CPX) testing in adults with type 1 diabetes compared to age-, sex- and body mass index- (BMI) matched controls without type 1 diabetes.</p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b></p> <p>We compared results from CPX tests on a cycle ergometer in individuals with type 1 diabetes and controls without type 1 diabetes. Parameters were peak and threshold variables of oxygen uptake, heart rate and power output. Differences between groups were investigated via restricted maximum likelihood modelling and post-hoc tests. Differences between groups were explained by stepwise linear regressions (p<0.05). </p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>Among 303 individuals with type 1 diabetes (age 33 [22; 43] years, 93 females, BMI 23.6 [22; 26] kg/m<sup>2</sup>, HbA<sub>1c</sub> 6.9 [6.2; 7.7]%; 52 [44; 61] mmol/mol), peak oxygen uptake (32.55 [26.49; 38.72] vs. 42.67 ± 10.44) (mL/kg/min), peak heart rate (179 [170; 187] vs. 184 [175; 191]) (bpm) and peak power (216 [171; 253] vs. 245 [200; 300]) (Watt) were lower in comparison to 308 controls without type 1 diabetes (all p<0.001). Individuals with type 1 diabetes displayed an impaired degree and direction of the heart rate to performance curve compared against controls without type 1 diabetes (0.07 [-0.75; 1.09] vs. 0.66 [-0.28; 1.45] (p<0.001)). None of the exercise physiological responses were associated with HbA<sub>1c</sub> in individuals with type 1 diabetes.</p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> <p>Individuals with type 1 diabetes show altered responses to CPX testing, which cannot be explained by HbA<sub>1c</sub>. Intriguingly, the participants in our cohort consisted of people with recent-onset type 1 diabetes, heart rate dynamics were altered during CPX testing. </p>

Oxygen Uptake, Heart Rate, and Ratings of Perceived Exertion at the PWC&OV0312;o2

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1292-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Mielke ◽  
Terry J Housh ◽  
C Russell Hendrix ◽  
Clayton L Camic ◽  
Jorge M Zuniga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion

The Effects of Sensory Deprivation and Music on Perceived Exertion and Affect During Exercise

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Boutcher ◽  
Michele Trenske
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Control Deprivation

This study examined the effects of sensory deprivation and music on perceived exertion and affect. Volunteer women (N=24) performed three 18-min sessions on a cycle ergometer at light, moderate, and heavy workloads during which perceived exertion, affect, and heart rate were monitored. Each subject participated in a control, deprivation, and music condition. No significant differences where found in heart rate between conditions. In contrast, significantly lower perceived exertion existed during the music compared to the deprived condition at the low workload. Similarly, there was lower perceived exertion during the music compared to the control condition at the moderate workload. Also, significantly greater levels of affect were observed during the music compared to the deprived condition at the moderate and heavy workloads. It was concluded that the influence of music and deprivation on perceived exertion and affect was load dependent. These results are discussed with regard to informational processing models of sensory and psychological input.

A Pilot Study Comparing Physiological Responses of Phase III Cardiac Patients to Recumbent and Upright Exercise Using the RPE Scale

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Magal ◽  
Robert F. Zoeller
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Differences ◽  
Stepping Exercise

Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) are used for exercise programming of cardiac rehabilitation patients, whenever it is difficult to use heart rate to set intensity due to medication or other factors. This investigation examined the physiological responses to two stepping exercise modes (upright and recumbent) at the same RPE. Analysis indicated significant physiological differences between the modes of exercise which may be mediated by postural differences. Specifically, the physiological responses to the recumbent exercise, but not the upright exercise, had the expected relationship with RPE, with recumbent stepping requiring less physiological effort than the upright stepping at the same RPE. As such, we cannot recommend with confidence that the prescription for upright exercise be made based on data from recumbent exercise or vice-versa.

Energetics and Mechanics of Steep Treadmill Versus Overground Pole Walking: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nicola Giovanelli ◽  
Lara Mari ◽  
Asia Patini ◽  
Stefano Lazzer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Pole Walking

Purpose: To compare energetics and spatiotemporal parameters of steep uphill pole walking on a treadmill and overground. Methods: First, the authors evaluated 6 male trail runners during an incremental graded test on a treadmill. Then, they performed a maximal overground test with poles and an overground test at 80% (OG80) of vertical velocity of maximal overground test with poles on an uphill mountain path (length = 1.3 km, elevation gain = 433 m). Finally, they covered the same elevation gain using poles on a customized treadmill at the average vertical velocity of the OG80. During all the tests, the authors measured oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rate of perceived exertion. Results: Treadmills required lower metabolic power (15.3 [1.9] vs 16.6 [2.0] W/kg, P = .002) and vertical cost of transport (49.6 [2.7] vs 53.7 [2.1] J/kg·m, P < .001) compared with OG80. Also, oxygen uptake was lower on a treadmill (41.7 [5.0] vs 46.2 [5.0] mL/kg·min, P = .001). Conversely, respiratory quotient was higher on TR80 compared with OG80 (0.98 [0.02] vs 0.89 [0.04], P = .032). In addition, rate of perceived exertion was higher on a treadmill and increased with elevation (P < .001). The authors did not detect any differences in other physiological measurements or in spatiotemporal parameters. Conclusions: Researchers, coaches, and athletes should be aware that steep treadmill pole walking requires lower energy consumption but same heart rate and rate of perceived exertion than overground pole walking at the same average intensity.

scholarly journals Effects of surgical face masks on cardiopulmonary parameters during steady state exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lässing ◽  
R. Falz ◽  
C. Pökel ◽  
S. Fikenzer ◽  
U. Laufs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Minimum ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

AbstractWearing face masks reduce the maximum physical performance. Sports and occupational activities are often associated with submaximal constant intensities. This prospective crossover study examined the effects of medical face masks during constant-load exercise. Fourteen healthy men (age 25.7 ± 3.5 years; height 183.8 ± 8.4 cm; weight 83.6 ± 8.4 kg) performed a lactate minimum test and a body plethysmography with and without masks. They were randomly assigned to two constant load tests at maximal lactate steady state with and without masks. The cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses were monitored using impedance cardiography and ergo-spirometry. The airway resistance was two-fold higher with the surgical mask (SM) than without the mask (SM 0.58 ± 0.16 kPa l−1 vs. control [Co] 0.32 ± 0.08 kPa l−1; p < 0.01). The constant load tests with masks compared with those without masks resulted in a significantly different ventilation (77.1 ± 9.3 l min−1 vs. 82.4 ± 10.7 l min−1; p < 0.01), oxygen uptake (33.1 ± 5 ml min−1 kg−1 vs. 34.5 ± 6 ml min−1 kg−1; p = 0.04), and heart rate (160.1 ± 11.2 bpm vs. 154.5 ± 11.4 bpm; p < 0.01). The mean cardiac output tended to be higher with a mask (28.6 ± 3.9 l min−1 vs. 25.9 ± 4.0 l min−1; p = 0.06). Similar blood pressure (177.2 ± 17.6 mmHg vs. 172.3 ± 15.8 mmHg; p = 0.33), delta lactate (4.7 ± 1.5 mmol l−1 vs. 4.3 ± 1.5 mmol l−1; p = 0.15), and rating of perceived exertion (6.9 ± 1.1 vs. 6.6 ± 1.1; p = 0.16) were observed with and without masks. Surgical face masks increase airway resistance and heart rate during steady state exercise in healthy volunteers. The perceived exertion and endurance performance were unchanged. These results may improve the assessment of wearing face masks during work and physical training.

The Effects of Self-Presentation on Perceived Exertion

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Boutcher ◽  
Lori A. Fleischer-Curtian ◽  
Scott D. Gines
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
The Self ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Experimenter ◽  
Female Experimenter

This study was designed to examine the audience-pleasing and self-constructional aspects of self-presentation on perceived exertion. Subjects performed two 18-min sessions on a cycle ergometer at light, moderate, and heavy workloads, during which perceived exertion and heart rate were collected. Each subject participated in a male and female experimenter condition. Males reported significantly lower perceived exertion in the female experimenter condition at the heavy load, compared to the same load in the male experimenter condition. There were no other significant differences for males or females at any of the workloads in either condition. Responses on the Self-Monitoring Inventory were used to assign subjects to either a high or low self-construction group. Results indicated that high self-constructors recorded significantly lower perceived exertion, compared to low self-constructors, at the low and moderate workloads.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of Physiological and Performance Measures from a Squash-Specific Fitness Test

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wilkinson ◽  
Damon Leedale-Brown ◽  
Edward M. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Volitional Exhaustion ◽  
And Performance

Purpose:We examined the reproducibility of performance and physiological responses on a squash-specific incremental test.Methods:Eight trained squash players habituated to procedures with two prior visits performed an incremental squash test to volitional exhaustion on two occasions 7 days apart. Breath-by-breath oxygen uptake ( Vo2) and heart rate were determined continuously using a portable telemetric system. Blood lactate concentration at the end of 4-min stages was assessed to determine lactate threshold. Once threshold was determined, test speed was increased every minute until volitional exhaustion for assessment of maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max), maximum heart rate (HRmax), and performance time. Economy was taken as the 60-s mean of Vo2 in the final minute of the fourth stage (below lactate threshold for all participants). Typical error of measurement (TEM) with associated 90% confidence intervals, limits of agreement, paired sample t tests, and least products regression were used to assess the reproducibility of scores.Results:Performance time (TEM 27 s, 4%, 90% CI 19 to 49 s) Vo2max (TEM 2.4 mL·kg−1·min−1, 4.7%, 90% CI 1.7 to 4.3 mL·kg−1·min−1), maximum heart rate (TEM 2 beats·min−1, 1.3%, 90% CI 2 to 4 beats·min−1), and economy (TEM 1.6 mL·kg−1·min−1, 4.1%, 90% CI 1.1 to 2.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) were reproducible.Conclusions:The results suggest that endurance performance and physiological responses to a squash-specific fitness test are reproducible.

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