Crossed Hand-Eye Dominance in Male Psychiatric Patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orestis Giotakos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Hemispheric Lateralization ◽  
Heroin Addiction ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eye Dominance ◽  
Personality Disordered

Increased incidence of left-eye and crossed hand-eye dominance have been considered as indicating left hemispheric dysfunction in many neuropsychiatric disorders. This study investigates the incidence of left-eye and crossed hand-eye dominance in patience with schizophrenia ( n = 68), panic disorder ( n = 62), personality disorder ( n = 35), heroin addiction ( n = 54), and mental retardation ( n = 33), in comparison with controls ( n = 944). All psychiatric groups, except the group with panic disorder, had significantly greater frequency of left-eye dominance than the control group. Furthermore, all psychiatric groups, except the personality-disordered group, had significantly greatest frequency of crossed hand-eye dominance than the control group. These findings further support the evidence of an anomaly in hemispheric lateralization among different psychiatric populations, particularly among those with psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficits.

Shoplifting in the Mentally Ill: The role of bipolar affective disorder and mental retardation

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S Y Cheng ◽  
Candy Lin ◽  
Marcella L Y Fok ◽  
Chi-Ming Leung
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
University Department

This study explores shoplifting behaviour in mentally ill patients, and evaluates the association between shoplifting and different mental illnesses in a local Chinese population. A comparison is made between shoplifting offenders and a matched control group of non-offenders among the psychiatric patients registered at a university department of psychiatry. Major depression, bipolar affective disorder (BAD) and mental retardation (MR) are the most common diagnoses among mentally ill shoplifters, while patients with a diagnosis of BAD or MR are at higher risk of committing an offence than patients with other diagnoses. Bipolar affective disorder has not been described as a risk factor for shoplifting behaviour in the psychiatric literature. Such a possibility should be seriously considered in the psychiatric assessment of shoplifting cases.

scholarly journals Elevated activity of superoxide dismutase in male late-life schizophrenia and its correlation with clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Huo ◽  
Xiaobing Lu ◽  
Fengchun Wu ◽  
Catherine Chang ◽  
Yuping Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Schizophrenia Group

Abstract Background Despite inconsistent findings, accumulative evidence has shown abnormalities of the key antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), in patients with schizophrenia. However, few studies explored SOD in late-life schizophrenia (LLS). Our work aimed to investigate changes in SOD activity and the relationship between SOD activity and psychotic symptoms or cognitive deficits in LLS. Methods 32 geriatric male patients with schizophrenia (age ≥ 60) and 28 age-matched male normal controls were recruited in the study. We assessed cognitive functions with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), evaluated the severity of clinical symptoms with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and measured the plasma levels of SOD. Results Patients with LLS presented with higher total levels of SOD compared to the controls (81.70 vs. 65.26 U/ml, p < .001). Except for the visuospatial index, the cognitive performance was significantly worse on RBANS total and other domain scores in the schizophrenia group than the control group. In the schizophrenia group, SOD levels were positively correlated with subscores of general psychopathology and negative symptoms and total scores of the PANSS (all p < .05), and inversely associated with performance in immediate memory, language, and RBANS total scores (all p < .05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that patients with LLS display disturbances in the antioxidant system, which may underlie the pathological process of cognitive impairments and negative symptoms in the late stage of schizophrenia. Supplementing with antioxidants could be a potential treatment.

Adapting the SRQ for greek populations: a culturally-sensitive psychiatric screening instrument

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 465-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lyrakos ◽  
M.C. Kitsiou ◽  
A. Goudella ◽  
B. Spinaris
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Screening

IntroductionThere is a significant disagreement in the literature concerning the validity of psychiatric instruments in different cultures.The objective of the study was to develop a culturally sensitive psychiatric screening instrument valid for Greeks in Greece and all over the world.MethodsForward and back translation was used for the greek version of the instrument. The sample was divided into three groups:i) general population(69,4%);ii) people in non-psychiatric treatment(12,9%);iii) people in psychiatric treatment (11,7%).They were interviewed with the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ), modified to include SRQ-F culturally specific items and physicians also completed an encounter form about the presence of mental health symptoms in participants.ResultsThe study sample was composed of 631 Greek speaking adults, 502 females and 129 males, aged 18—67 (M = 30, SD = 11,5). Internal consistency for the overall score was very high (α = ,930). Item total correlations were between, 443 and, 692. Factor analysis revealed four factors accounting for the 54,22 of the total score variance. The factors were anxiety symptoms, depressed mood, somatic symptoms and psychotic symptoms. Content, construct, and criterion validity of each question led to 25 items. Independent t test revealed significant differences between psychiatric patients and control group in the total score (t = -17,795 p = ,0001), psychosis subscale (t = -12,622 p = ,0001) and somatic distress subscale (t = -17,712 p = ,0001).ConclusionsThe Greek SRQ was found to be a valid instrument which can be used in primary care to help general practitioners in the early recognition of mental illness.

Social and nonsocial cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia: A comparative neuropsychological and neurophysiological study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s817-s817
Author(s):  
M.A. Khalil ◽  
A.A. Saleh ◽  
N.M. El-Fayoumy ◽  
S.M. Gohar
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
The Mind

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia suffer from cognitive deficits in seven domains in addition to social cognition. P300 latency and amplitude have been linked in these patients to the basic cognitive deficits.ObjectivesComparing patients suffering from schizophrenia with matched healthy subjects as regards auditory event related potential tests as measured by P300.Subjects and methodsFifty-two subjects were divided into 2 groups: group (A): 27 patients with schizophrenia according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-text revised (DSM-IV TR). Those with current substance use, psychiatric disorders or organic disorders were excluded. Group (B): 25 healthy control subjects with negative history of substance and psychiatric disorders. Patients were assessed using Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) for severity of psychotic symptoms, Addenbrook's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) for basic cognitive, reading the mind in the eye test for social cognition, P300 and electro-encephalography (EEG)ResultsThe two groups were different significantly in ACE total and its subtests measuring attention-orientation, memory, language, visuospatial and reading the mind in the eye test for social cognition scores with patients showing lower scores (P = 0.000, 0.012, 0.000, 0.038, 0.041 and 0.001 respectively). Control group had higher amplitude of P300 and shorter latency than patients (P = 0.003 and 0.005 respectively). P300 amplitude correlated positively with visuospatial memory (P = 0.015). PANSS general pathology scale correlated positively with duration of untreated psychosis (P = 0.029) and with fluency (P = 0.047).ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia differ from controls in P300.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Morbidity and Mortality of Certified Adolescent Psychiatric Patients

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Stein ◽  
L. Tanzer
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Follow Up Study

Recent legislation has placed greater restrictions on the involuntary hospitalization and treatment of psychiatric patients. A follow-up study was done on adolescent psychiatric patients who were certified during their hospital stay. The rate of certification was 8.5%. Their functioning was compared with that of a control group of voluntarily admitted adolescents. The two main reasons for certification were suicidal behaviour and psychotic symptoms. The majority of patients required further hospital treatment during the five year period after discharge. Few patients were found to be functioning in a successful independent fashion at the time of follow-up and certified patients required much more long-term social assistance. Five patients (22% of those certified) committed suicide and the combination of personality disorder and major depression was of particular importance in predicting suicide.

The urge to change appearance in different psychopathological categories

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost à Campo ◽  
Solange Hardy ◽  
Harald Merckelbach ◽  
Henk Nijman ◽  
Almar Zwets
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Sense Of Reality ◽  
Personality Disordered

Background:In professional literature, mainly anecdotic descriptions can be found of striking, sometimes even bizarre manipulations of the appearance by psychiatric patients.Objective:In this study, it was examined whether the inclination to (drastically) change the appearance is related to (pre)psychotic symptoms.Methods:By means of a questionnaire, the frequency and nature of changing the appearance was studied among a sample of healthy volunteers (n = 38) and psychiatric patients (n = 61). The psychiatric group consisted of 1) patients with schizophrenia (n = 22), 2) patients with a borderline personality disorder (n = 20) and 3) patients with a depressive disorder (n = 19).Results:In accordance with previous findings, self-reports of drastic changes of appearance were associated with scores on various schizotypy scales. Psychiatric patients reported more changes of appearance, compared with healthy volunteers. Patients with schizophrenia reported most changes, followed by the group of patients with borderline personality disordered.Conclusions:Perhaps, drastic changes of the appearance are a visible expression of the loss of ego boundaries and/or of the sense of reality.

The Effect of Cognitive Remediation Therapy on Social Skills in Institutionalized Elderly Patients with Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mohammadi ◽  
Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz ◽  
Seyedeh Ameneh Motalebi ◽  
Shahnaz Boosepasi
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Remediation Therapy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly

Background: There are limited scientific investigations on cognitive remediation in elderly patients with schizophrenia. The present study was aimed to examine the efficacy of cognitive remediation therapy on social skills in institutionalized elderly patients with schizophrenia. Methods: The study employed a randomized clinical trial. A total of 60 institutionalized elderly patients with schizophrenia from Razi Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran were selected and randomly allocated into two equal groups (control and intervention). The intervention group attended to cognitive remediation therapy for 8 weeks. The Evaluation of Living Skills Scale for psychiatric patients was used for data collection. The Chi Square, independent and paired t-tests using SPSS, version 22, were employed to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of 60 elderly patients participated in the study was 65.25 &#177; 4.19 years. No significant differences were found between two groups at baseline. However, independent t-tests showed significant differences between the intervention and the control group in social skills after implementation of intervention. Additionally, the results of paired t-tests revealed significant improvements in intervention group on communication skills (t=5.50, p<0.001), behavioral problems with others (t=5.44, p<0.001), and self-care (t=4.70, p<0.001). No significant differences were observed from pretest to post test in control group. Conclusion: The results of the present study may support the efficacy of cognitive remediation therapy on social skills of elderly patients with schizophrenia.

033 The effect of sleep disturbance on cognition in late-life depression

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A15-A15
Author(s):  
Andrea Ricciardiello ◽  
Sharon Naismith ◽  
Angela D’Rozario ◽  
Fiona Kumfor ◽  
Rick Wassing
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Late Life Depression

Abstract Introduction Late-life depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in older adults and is associated with cognitive deficits, however, the role of sleep disturbance in cognitive deficits is poorly defined. In the current study we aimed to examine sleep macro and micro-architecture differences between those with late-life depression and controls. Secondly, we sought to determine how sleep changes relate to clinical memory and executive function measures in those with late-life depression and controls. Methods Using prior clinical data, this retrospective study assessed adults &gt;50 years who had completed an overnight PSG study and comprehensive psychiatric, neuropsychological, and medical assessment. Memory performance was measured using the Weschler Memory Scale logical Memory 1 and 2 components, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Senior) 30-minute recall and Rey Complex Figure 3-minute recall. Executive function was defined by z scores from Trail Making Test, D-KEFS Stroop Test and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. The sample comprised of 71 depressed participants, defined by a Geriatric Depression Scale score ≥6, and 101 non-depressed participants (GDS &lt;6 and no lifetime history of depression using DSM-IV criteria). Results Contrary to our hypothesis no significant macroarchitectural differences were observed between the groups. Less time spent in slow-wave sleep (SWS) was associated with worse delayed memory recall scores in the depression group (z=.342, p=0.008) although this was not seen in the control group. SWS and slow wave activity (SWA) were not related to measures of executive function performance. Depressed participants demonstrated a reduced level of sleep spindles (Dep= 159 ±142.8, con= 213±163, p=.03) although there were no associations with memory outcomes. Conclusion Compared to younger adults with depression, macroarchitectural differences in those with late-life depression are not as pronounced, due to a reduction of SWS and SWA power as a function of ageing. The efficiency of SWS hippocampal dependent memory processes in depression may be reduced, therefore, more time spent in SWS is related to better memory performance. This study assessed the density of sleep spindles but not spindle and slow wave oscillation coupling which may be more important for hippocampal dependent memory. Support (if any):

Reduced Jumping to Conclusion Bias after Experimentally Induced Enhancement of Subjective Body Boundaries in Psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Naomi Lyons ◽  
Detlef E. Dietrich ◽  
Johannes Graser ◽  
Georg Juckel ◽  
Christian Koßmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
The Core ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Explicit Measure ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Core Features

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> A disturbed sense of self is frequently discussed as an etiological factor for delusion symptoms in psychosis. Phenomenological approaches to psychopathology posit that lacking the sense that the self is localized within one’s bodily boundaries (disembodiment) is one of the core features of the disturbed self in psychosis. The present study examines this idea by experimentally manipulating the sense of bodily boundaries. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Seventy-three patients with psychosis were randomly assigned to either a 10-min, guided self-massage in the experimental group (EG) to enhance the sense of bodily boundaries or a control group (CG), which massaged a fabric ring. Effects on an implicit measure (jumping to conclusion bias; JTC) and an explicit measure (Brief State Paranoia Checklist; BSPC) of delusion processes were assessed. The JTC measures the tendency to make a decision with little evidence available, and the BSPC explicitly measures the approval of paranoid beliefs. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients in the EG showed a lower JTC (<i>M</i> = 4.11 draws before decision) than the CG (<i>M</i> = 2.43; Cohen’s <i>d</i> = 0.64). No significant difference in the BSPC was observed. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Our results indicate that enhancing the sense of body boundaries through a self-massage can reduce an implicit bias associated with delusional ideation and correspondingly support the idea that disembodiment might be a relevant factor in the formation of psychotic symptoms.

Psychosocial Profiles of Patients Admitted to Psychiatric Emergency Services: Results from the Signature Biobank Project: Profils Psychosociaux de Patients Admis Dans des Services d’Urgence Psychiatrique : Résultats du Projet Banque Signature

2021 ◽  
pp. 070674372110187
Author(s):  
Steve Geoffrion ◽  
Kévin Nolet ◽  
Charles-Édouard Giguère ◽  
Tania Lecomte ◽  
Stéphane Potvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Psychiatric Emergency ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Emergency Services ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Objectives: Patients admitted to psychiatric emergency services (PES) are highly heterogenous. New tools based on a transdiagnosis approach could help attending psychiatrists in their evaluation process and treatment planning. The goals of this study were to: (1) identify profiles of symptoms based on self-reported, dimensional outcomes in psychiatric patients upon their admission to PES, (2) link these profiles to developmental variables, that is, history of childhood abuse (CA) and trajectories of externalizing behaviours (EB), and (3) test whether this link between developmental variables and profiles was moderated by sex. Methods: In total, 402 patients were randomly selected from the Signature Biobank, a database of measures collected from patients admitted to the emergency of a psychiatric hospital. A comparison group of 92 healthy participants was also recruited from the community. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, alcohol and drug abuse, impulsivity, and psychosis as well as CA and EB were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Symptom profiles were identified using cluster analysis. Prediction of profile membership by sex, CA, and EB was tested using structural equation modelling. Results: Among patients, four profiles were identified: (1) low level of symptoms on all outcomes, (2) high psychotic symptoms, (3) high anxio-depressive symptoms, and (4) elevated substance abuse and high levels of symptoms on all scales. An indirect effect of CA was found through EB trajectories: patients who experienced the most severe form of CA were more likely to develop chronic EB from childhood to adulthood, which in turn predicted membership to the most severe psychopathology profile. This indirect effect was not moderated by sex. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a transdiagnostic approach allows to highlight distinct clinical portraits of patients admitted to PES. Importantly, developmental factors were predictive of specific profiles. Such transdiagnostic approach is a first step towards precision medicine, which could lead to develop targeted interventions.

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