scholarly journals Block Design as a Measure of Everyday Spatial Ability: A Study of Ecological Validity

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Groth-Marnat ◽  
Mathew Teal
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Adult Reading ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Block Design Subtest ◽  
National Adult Reading Test

This study investigated the effectiveness of the WAIS–R Block Design subtest to predict everyday spatial ability for 65 university undergraduates (15 men, 50 women) who were administered Block Design, the Standardized Road Map Test of Direction Sense, and the Everyday Spatial Activities Test. In addition, the verbally loaded National Adult Reading Test was administered to assess whether the more visuospatial Block Design subtest was a better predictor of spatial ability. Moderate support was found. When age and sex were accounted for, Block Design accounted for 36% of the variance in performance ( r = -.62) on the Road Map Test and 19% of the variance on the performance of the Everyday Spatial Activities Test ( r = .42). In contrast, the scores on the National Adult Reading Test did not predict performance on the Road Map Test or Everyday Spatial Abilities Test. This suggests that, with appropriate caution, Block Design could be used as a measure of everyday spatial abilities.

The National Adult Reading Test as a measure of premorbid IQ in schizophrenia

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Russell ◽  
J. Munro ◽  
P. B. Jones ◽  
P. Hayward ◽  
D. R. Hemsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Test ◽  
Adult Reading ◽  
National Adult Reading Test

How We Do Race

On Inhumanity ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
David Livingstone Smith
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter teases out the core elements of the ordinary conception of “race.” This does not include a scientific or philosophical definition of race. Rather, the chapter talks about the view of race that most people just slip into when going about the everyday business of life. It is a conception that has been taken so thoroughly for granted that many do not even question it. The chapter argues that understanding the conception of race is key to understanding dehumanization, because beliefs about race lie at the heart of the dehumanizing process. It shows that dividing human beings into races—into “our kind” and “their kind”—is the first step on the road to dehumanizing them.

scholarly journals Measuring memory impairment in community-based patients with schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Al-Uzri ◽  
M. A. Reveley ◽  
L. Owen ◽  
J. Bruce ◽  
S. Frost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Impaired Memory ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Adult Reading ◽  
National Adult Reading Test ◽  
Negative Syndrome

BackgroundThe majority of memory impairment studies in schizophrenia are cohort studies using laboratory-based tests, which make it difficult to estimate the true extent and relevance of memory impairment in patients with schizophrenia in the community.AimsTo examine the extent of memory impairment in community-based patients with schizophrenia using a clinically relevant test.MethodAll patients with schizophrenia (n = 190) in one catchment area were identified, of whom 133 were potentially eligible for the study; 73 patients volunteered to take part. They were assessed using the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), the National Adult Reading Test, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales and the Office for National Statistics Classification of Occupation. Their performance on the memory test was compared with that of matched controls (n=71).ResultsPatients as a group performed significantly worse (P < 0.001) than controls on the RBMT. Using the RBMT normative scores, 81% of patients were found to have impaired memory compared with 28% of controls.ConclusionsUsing a clinically relevant test, the majority of community-based patients with schizophrenia may have memory impairment.

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