Effects of Variability of Practice in a Movement-Education Program on Motor Skill Performance

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane B. Moore ◽  
T. Gilmour Reeve ◽  
Becky Pissanos
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Movement Education ◽  
Skill Performance ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Overhand Throwing ◽  
Different Levels

The study investigated the effects of the direct and exploration methods of teaching on the overhand throwing performance of kindergarten children. Variable throwing practice was provided in the exploration method by allowing children to throw 5 different types of balls at a variety of targets. Children given the direct method threw only one type of ball and received specific instruction and demonstrations. Throwing for distance and throwing accuracy were measured on pre- and posttests. A novel throwing task was administered on the posttest to measure skill transfer. The experimental groups received instruction three times per week for 4 wk. in throwing while a control group received no instruction. Significant sex differences in throws were found for distance and accuracy. Analysis of data from the novel task gave no significant effects. The two methods of teaching did not produce different levels of throwing skill.

Music-Assisted Training for Dart Throwing Novices: Post-Training Effects on Heart Rate and Performance Accuracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110506
Author(s):  
Ivor T. H. Tso ◽  
James C. L. Law ◽  
Thomson W. L. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Athletes Heart

While previous research has suggested that lowering athletes’ heart rates can enhance sports performance, it is unknown whether slow-paced music might induce a lower heart rate and thereby improve some types of motor performance. In this study, we investigated the effects of different types of music during dart-throw training on both heart rate and dart-throwing performance in 45 ( M age = 19.7, SD = 0.31 years) novice dart throwers who were randomly assigned to either a Slow Music Group (SMG), a Fast Music Group (FMG), or a Control Group (CG). All participants completed three dart-throwing blocks - Pre-Test, Practice, and Post-Test. During the Practice block, participants practiced dart-throwing with either slow-paced, fast-paced or no music according to their assigned group. We recorded the participants’ heart rates and total dart-throwing accuracy scores during Pre-Test and Post-Test. Music-assisted dart-throw training with slow-paced music was effective in significantly inhibiting a performance-related increase in heart rate and was associated with the greatest dart throwing improvement after training.

The Usefulness of Tactual Maps of the New York City Subway System

1994 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Luxton ◽  
M. Banai ◽  
R. Kuperman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
Subway System ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Different Levels

Sixteen blind and visually impaired people used three different types of tactual maps that presented information at three different levels of specificity, and a comparable control group of 15 subjects traveled the subways without the aid of the maps. After the initial experiment, the control group was allowed to use the maps as they chose for two weeks. In-depth interviews and questionnaires disclosed that the tactual maps influenced the participants’ perceptions and travel behavior.

Suicide Risk and Its Relationship to Change in Marital Status

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saška Roškar ◽  
Anja Podlesek ◽  
Marja Kuzmanić ◽  
Lucija Omejc Demšar ◽  
Metka Zaletel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Levels

Background: Different types of marital status are associated with different levels of suicidal risk. Aims: To study marital status change and the effect of its recency in relation to suicidal behavior. Methods: Suicide victims (1614) in Slovenia and matched controls (4617) were compared for incidence and recency of marital status change during the last 5 years of their lives. Results: A higher percentage of suicide victims (10.7%) had a marital status change in the last 5 years compared with the controls (5.6%). All types of marital status changes (becoming widowed, getting divorced, getting married) proved to be risk factors for suicidal behavior. Almost half of all marital status changes in suicide victims occurred in the year prior to suicide, whereas marital status changes in the control group were equally distributed over the last 5 years. For recently married and divorced people, the increase in suicide risk depended on age: The risk was higher in older people. Conclusions: Marital status change represents a risk factor for suicidal behavior. The first year after the change is critical for elevated suicidal risk, in particular for older people.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in Vivo Response of Three Biphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Tissue Regeneration in a Sheep Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto M. Crovace ◽  
Alessia Di Giancamillo ◽  
Francesca Gervaso ◽  
Laura Mangiavini ◽  
Davide Zani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Reparative Process

Osteochondral defects are a common problem in both human medicine and veterinary practice although with important limits concerning the cartilaginous tissue regeneration. Interest in the subchondral bone has grown, as it is now considered a key element in the osteochondral defect healing. The aim of this work was to generate and to evaluate the architecture of three cell-free scaffolds made of collagen, magnesium/hydroxyapatite and collagen hydroxyapatite/wollastonite to be implanted in a sheep animal model. Scaffolds were designed in a bilayer configuration and a novel “Honey” configuration, where columns of hydroxyapatite were inserted within the collagen matrix. The use of different types of scaffolds allowed us to identify the best scaffold in terms of integration and tissue regeneration. The animals included were divided into four groups: three were treated using different types of scaffold while one was left untreated and represented the control group. Evaluations were made at 3 months through CT analysis. The novel “Honey” configuration of the scaffold with hydroxyapatite seems to allow for a better reparative process, although we are still far from obtaining a complete restoration of the defect at this time point of follow-up.

The Role of Peripheral Feedback in Emotional Experience With Music

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Dibben
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intensity Of Emotion ◽  
Different Levels

Given evidence from other domains that peripheral feedback can influence emotional experience, two experiments are reported that investigate the role of physiological arousal in determining the intensity and valence of emotion experienced when listening to music. In the first experiment, two groups of participants, with different levels of induced physiological arousal, rated four excerpts of music on 10 emotion scales in terms of the emotion they felt while listening to the music and the emotion they thought the music was intended to express. Participants who had exercised immediately before making the emotion judgments reported more intense experiences of emotion felt while listening to the music than did participants who had relaxed. Arousal manipulation had no effect on ratings of the emotion thought to be expressed by the music. These results suggest that arousal influences the intensity of emotion experienced with music and therefore that people use their body state as information about the emotion felt while listening to music. A second experiment investigated this effect in more detail. Independent groups were used to test three different types of induced arousal, with separate groups for ratings of emotion felt and emotion expressed by the music. Participants who had exercised reported intensified experience of positive emotions, in response to pieces that were positive in valence, than did a control group. The article concludes that body state can influence emotional experience with music and presents this as evidence for the role of personal and situational factors in the emotional experience of music.

Auditory Perception of Rhyming in Kindergarten Children

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
June D. Knafle
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Consonant Sounds

One hundred and eighty-nine kindergarten children were given a CVCC rhyming test which included four slightly different types of auditory differentiation. They obtained a greater number of correct scores on categories that provided maximum contrasts of final consonant sounds than they did on categories that provided less than maximum contrasts of final consonant sounds. For both sexes, significant differences were found between the categories; although the sex differences were not significant, girls made more correct rhyming responses than boys on the most difficult category.

Manifestations of the bias of an unreliable narrator in novel by V. Domontovich “Doctor Serafikus”

2018 ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
М. І. Підодвірна
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Personal Story ◽  
Unreliable Narrator ◽  
German Researcher ◽  
Different Levels

The results and achievements of the main schools and directions of naratology indicate the need to reread both well-known and recondite texts in order to spell out the meanings. We believe that the narrative analysis of prose by Victor Domontovich (the Ukrainian intellectual writer) is interesting and relevant. The article attempts to characterize the manifestations of the bias of an unreliable narato in the novel “Doctor Seraficus” based on the A. Nyuninga’s cognitive approach. A modern German researcher provides a set of tools that can supplemented for a multidimensional consideration of all ambiguities and contradictions in the text. An intelligent game that unfolds in the text manifests itself at different levels. V. Domontovych conducts the biggest game, the game with meaning through the pending authority of unreliable presenter. The text of the novel consists of abstract reflections, notes, dreams, illusions, fantasies, dreams and retrospective journeys. The main law of the text is the game. Irony and contradictions in the narrator’s words encourage the reader to feel dissonance, uncertainty. Therefore, in a narrative analysis, attention is focused on the speaker and who sees (the focal point). It was investigated that the artist Corvin is the narrator of the novel “Doctor Serafikus”, he tries to give as much as possible objectively the personal story. The motives for the unreliability narration based on the personal interest and bias of the character are determined. We identified the main symptoms of the unreliability of the narrator in the work, and the different levels at which the corresponding narrative is expressed, are highlighted. It is established that an unreliable narrative forces distancing itself from a narrator and takes everything that has been said with caution and detachment. Detailed narrative analysis of the work sheds light on the meanings, which for some reason masked, and allows you to establish artistic functions of an unreliable narrator. We believe that understanding this phenomenon makes it possible to make a comprehensive analysis of artistic text.

A differentiated approach to the dental caries prevention in children with different levels of caries risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
T. N. Tserakhava ◽  
N. V. Shakavets ◽  
E. I. Melnikava ◽  
M. I. Klenovskaya ◽  
D. N. Naumovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Health Group ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
First Permanent Molars

Relevance. Prevention of caries of the first permanent molars is one of the most relevant problems in pediatricdentistry.Purpose – to develop an algorithm for prevention of first permanent molars caries in children with differentlevels of caries risk.Materials and methods. The article presents the results of the implementation of the algorithm for prevention of first permanent molars caries in children with different levels of caries risk. This algorithm includes a comprehensive assessment of the values of indices dmft, DMFT, OHI-S, and the patient's health group is also taken into account. The study involved 253 children aged 6-7 years divided into 4 groups: 3 groups of children depending on the health group and the control group. 3 subgroups were identified in each group – with a low, medium, and high caries risk. We developed preventive measures schemes were for children of each group including training in oral hygiene; controlled and home toothbrushing using fluoride-containing toothpastes; applications of varnishes containing fluoride, calcium, phosphates from 2 to 3 times a year; fissure sealing of the first permanent molars. We carried out these activities were for 24 months, and then evaluated theirs effectiveness. Children in the control group were trained in oral hygiene. The clinical effectiveness of medical prophylaxis was evaluated by changes in the above clinical indicators.Results. In group of children with medium caries risk the increase in caries was 0.09, and the reduction in caries was 89.65%. In children with a low and high caries risk no increase in caries was observed; the reduction in the intensity of caries was 100%. A significant decrease in OHI-S oral hygiene index values was noted in all groups (p < 0.05). We noted high preventive efficacy of fissures sealing in the first permanent molars. No occlusal surface caries developed in sealed fissures.Conclusions. The application of the proposed preventive schemes in patients demonstrates high efficacy of fluoride and calcium-containing varnishes and sealing the fissures of the first permanent molars. 

Cognitive Models and Narrative Construction

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Mikhail Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Narrative Construction ◽  
Cognitive Structures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Concept Model ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Different Levels

The article deals with the narrative text construction. The study thoroughly analyzes cognitive models that can become the basis of this process. Firstly, the author is studying the theory of rhetoricalcommonplaces. The article shows that this theory is suitable for constructing a rhetorical text, but not a narrative one. The second model discussed is the concept model. The article argues that this model is most convenient for text analysis, but not for its formation. Marvin Minsky's frame theory is analyzed in detail. It is stated that the theory of frames and individual narrative concepts, in particular those formulated by R. Barth, have much in common. It is concluded that the theory of frames can be perceived as the ontological basis of the narrative scientific description. In addition, the article briefly discusses the cognitive model by R. Quillian and R. Langacker. Their essence is to highlight the main and secondary content in the text. The possibility of using these models in the text analysis and its synthesis is proved by their conceptual similarity with G.Y. Solganik’s analysis of the novel by L. Tolstoy. Special attention is paid to the theory of R. Abelson. It is argued that the proposed hierarchy of cognitive structures has a generalizing character and is adequate to the text. The article gives an example based on a local narrative figure analysis undertaken by V.V. Vinogradov. The paper indicates the possibility to describe this figure within Abelson's theory. As a result of different cognitive models and narrative conceptscomparison, the article formulates the sequence of stages in the analysis and synthesis of text units found at different levels. The first stage of this sequence is the narrative figures analysis. The second one is the analysis of episodes, which are narrative figures associations. The third one is the analysis of the text plot structures. It is proposed to consider text units as realizations of cognitive structures. It is argued that the cognitive approach to the narrative provides its holistic and detailed adequate description.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Types of Internal Curing Liquid on the Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag (AAS) Mortar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2407
Author(s):  
Guang-Zhu Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yong Wang ◽  
Tae-Wan Kim ◽  
Jong-Yeon Lim ◽  
Yi Han
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Internal Curing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alkali Activated Slag ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Activated Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

This study shows the effect of different types of internal curing liquid on the properties of alkali-activated slag (AAS) mortar. NaOH solution and deionized water were used as the liquid internal curing agents and zeolite sand was the internal curing agent that replaced the standard sand at 15% and 30%, respectively. Experiments on the mechanical properties, hydration kinetics, autogenous shrinkage (AS), internal temperature, internal relative humidity, surface electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and setting time were performed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the setting times of AAS mortars with internal curing by water were longer than those of internal curing by NaOH solution. (2) NaOH solution more effectively reduces the AS of AAS mortars than water when used as an internal curing liquid. (3) The cumulative heat of the AAS mortar when using water for internal curing is substantially reduced compared to the control group. (4) For the AAS mortars with NaOH solution as an internal curing liquid, compared with the control specimen, the compressive strength results are increased. However, a decrease in compressive strength values occurs when water is used as an internal curing liquid in the AAS mortar. (5) The UPV decreases as the content of zeolite sand that replaces the standard sand increases. (6) When internal curing is carried out with water as the internal curing liquid, the surface resistivity values of the AAS mortar are higher than when the alkali solution is used as the internal curing liquid. To sum up, both NaOH and deionized water are effective as internal curing liquids, but the NaOH solution shows a better performance in terms of reducing shrinkage and improving mechanical properties than deionized water.

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