Sound Discrimination Ability of Children with Misarticulation of the /R/ Sound

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia I. Wolfe ◽  
Ruth Beckey Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
External Source ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Sound Discrimination

The ability of 40 children with the consistent misarticulation of the /r/ sound to perceive their error production was evaluated in two tasks of sound discrimination, one, an interoceptive or self-monitoring task in which the child compared his own live-voice sound with that of another speaker; the other, an exteroceptive task in which the child compared both his own sound and that of another speaker, recorded and played back from an external source. Results indicated that the error sound, in contrast to standard sound production, was discriminated more accurately in the exteroceptive than in the interoceptive task. The role of sensory feedback in sound discrimination is discussed along with implications for therapy for misarticulation.

scholarly journals Sensorimotor Induction of Auditory Misattribution in Early Psychosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Salomon ◽  
Pierre Progin ◽  
Alessandra Griffa ◽  
Giulio Rognini ◽  
Kim Q Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Robotic System ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Sensorimotor Processing ◽  
Strong Link ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Sensorimotor Processes ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Abstract Dysfunction of sensorimotor predictive processing is thought to underlie abnormalities in self-monitoring producing passivity symptoms in psychosis. Experimentally induced sensorimotor conflict can produce a failure in bodily self-monitoring (presence hallucination [PH]), yet it is unclear how this is related to auditory self-monitoring and psychosis symptoms. Here we show that the induction of sensorimotor conflict in early psychosis patients induces PH and impacts auditory-verbal self-monitoring. Participants manipulated a haptic robotic system inducing a bodily sensorimotor conflict. In experiment 1, the PH was measured. In experiment 2, an auditory-verbal self-monitoring task was performed during the conflict. Fifty-one participants (31 early psychosis patients, 20 matched controls) participated in the experiments. The PH was present in all participants. Psychosis patients with passivity experiences (PE+) had reduced accuracy in auditory-verbal self-other discrimination during sensorimotor stimulation, but only when sensorimotor stimulation involved a spatiotemporal conflict (F(2, 44) = 6.68, P = .002). These results show a strong link between robotically controlled alterations in sensorimotor processing and auditory misattribution in psychosis and provide evidence for the role of sensorimotor processes in altered self-monitoring in psychosis.

scholarly journals Interference in the Shared-Stroop Task: A Comparison of Self- and Other-Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin John Pickering ◽  
Janet Frances McLean ◽  
Chiara Gambi
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Task Interference ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Joint Task ◽  
Linguistic Representations

Co-acting participants represent and integrate each other’s actions, even when they are not required to monitor one another. However, monitoring the actions of a partner is an important component of successful interactions, and particularly of linguistic interactions. Moreover, monitoring others may rely on similar mechanisms to those that are involved in self-monitoring. In order to investigate the effect of monitoring on shared linguistic representations, we combined a monitoring task with the shared Stroop task. In the shared Stroop task, one participant named the colour of words in one colour (e.g., red) while ignoring stimuli in the other colour (e.g., green); the other participant either named the colour of words in the other colour or did not respond. Crucially, participants either had to provide feedback about the correctness of their partner’s response (Experiment 3) or did not (Experiment 2). The results showed that interference was greater when both participants responded than when they did not, but only when partners provided feedback. We argue that feedback increased joint task interference because in order to monitor their partner, participants had to represent their target utterance, and this representation interfered with self-monitoring of their own utterance.

Don’t blame yourself: Conscious source monitoring modulates feedback control during speech production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias K. Franken ◽  
Robert Hartsuiker ◽  
Petter Johansson ◽  
Lars Hall ◽  
Andreas Lind
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
External Source ◽  
The Self ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Sensory Event ◽  
Speech Motor

Sensory feedback plays an important role in speech motor control. One of the main sources of evidence for this are studies where online auditory feedback is perturbed during ongoing speech. In motor control, it is therefore crucial to distinguish between sensory feedback and externally generated sensory events. This is called source monitoring. Previous altered feedback studies have taken non-conscious source monitoring for granted, as automatic responses to altered sensory feedback imply that the feedback changes are processed as self-caused. However, the role of conscious source monitoring is unclear. The current study investigated whether conscious source monitoring modulates responses to unexpected pitch changes in auditory feedback. During a first block, some participants spontaneously attributed the pitch shifts to themselves (self-blamers) while others attributed them to an external source (other-blamers). Before block 2, all participants were informed that the pitch shifts were experimentally induced. The self-blamers then showed a reduction in response magnitude in block 2 compared with block 1, while the other-blamers did not. This suggests that conscious source monitoring modulates responses to altered auditory feedback, such that consciously ascribing feedback to oneself leads to larger compensation responses. These results can be accounted for within the dominant comparator framework, where conscious source monitoring could modulate the gain on sensory feedback. Alternatively, the results can be naturally explained from an inferential framework, where conscious knowledge may bias the priors in a Bayesian process to determine the most likely source of a sensory event.

EXPRESS: Don’t blame yourself: Conscious source monitoring modulates feedback control during speech production

2022 ◽  
pp. 174702182210756
Author(s):  
Matthias K. Franken ◽  
Robert J Hartsuiker ◽  
Petter Johansson ◽  
Lars Hall ◽  
Andreas Lind
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
External Source ◽  
The Self ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Sensory Event ◽  
Speech Motor

Sensory feedback plays an important role in speech motor control. One of the main sources of evidence for this are studies where online auditory feedback is perturbed during ongoing speech. In motor control, it is therefore crucial to distinguish between sensory feedback and externally generated sensory events. This is called source monitoring. Previous altered feedback studies have taken non-conscious source monitoring for granted, as automatic responses to altered sensory feedback imply that the feedback changes are processed as self-caused. However, the role of conscious source monitoring is unclear. The current study investigated whether conscious source monitoring modulates responses to unexpected pitch changes in auditory feedback. During a first block, some participants spontaneously attributed the pitch shifts to themselves (self-blamers) while others attributed them to an external source (other-blamers). Before block 2, all participants were informed that the pitch shifts were experimentally induced. The self-blamers then showed a reduction in response magnitude in block 2 compared with block 1, while the other-blamers did not. This suggests that conscious source monitoring modulates responses to altered auditory feedback, such that consciously ascribing feedback to oneself leads to larger compensation responses. These results can be accounted for within the dominant comparator framework, where conscious source monitoring could modulate the gain on sensory feedback. Alternatively, the results can be naturally explained from an inferential framework, where conscious knowledge may bias the priors in a Bayesian process to determine the most likely source of a sensory event.

Cognitive processes in auditory hallucinations: attributional biases and metacognition

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLINE A. BAKER ◽  
ANTHONY P. MORRISON
Keyword(s):  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Word Association ◽  
External Source ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs ◽  
Attributional Biases ◽  
Mental Events ◽  
And Control

Background. Cognitive models suggest that auditory hallucinations are experienced when mental events are misattributed to an external source; therefore, this study was designed to examine attributional biases in patients experiencing auditory hallucinations. The study also examined the role of metacognitive beliefs in the experience of auditory hallucinations, as some theories have implicated metacognition in the development and maintenance of auditory hallucinations.Methods. Fifteen participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia experiencing auditory hallucinations were compared with 15 non-hallucinating schizophrenics and 15 non-psychiatric control subjects on several measures, including an immediate source monitoring task and a questionnaire assessing metacognitive beliefs.Results. Results indicated that patients experiencing hallucinations exhibited the predicted bias towards misattributing internal events to an external source, as measured by ratings of internality of responses in a word association task. All groups had lower perceived levels of internality and control for emotionally salient words, which provides further evidence for the importance of emotional content in hallucinations. Patients experiencing hallucinations were found to score higher than the other two groups on metacognitive beliefs about uncontrollability and danger and positive beliefs about worry. In addition, a logistic regression analysis showed that beliefs about uncontrollability and danger were predictive of whether subjects experienced auditory hallucinations or not.Conclusions. These results offer considerable support to cognitive bias models of auditory hallucinations, particularly those that implicate metacognition.

Individual Differences in the Name Similarity Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Howard ◽  
Roger A. Kerin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Usage Context

The name similarity effect is the tendency to like people, places, and things with names similar to our own. Although many researchers have examined name similarity effects on preferences and behavior, no research to date has examined whether individual differences exist in susceptibility to those effects. This research reports the results of two experiments that examine the role of self-monitoring in moderating name similarity effects. In the first experiment, name similarity effects on brand attitude and purchase intentions were found to be stronger for respondents high, rather than low, in self-monitoring. In the second experiment, the interactive effect observed in the first study was found to be especially true in a public (vs. private) usage context. These findings are consistent with theoretical expectations of name similarity effects as an expression of egotism manifested in the image and impression management concerns of high self-monitors.

The Role of Self-Monitoring in Stereotype-to-Behavior Effects

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Demarree ◽  
S. Christian Wheeler ◽  
Richard E. Petty
Keyword(s):  
Self Monitoring

The complex role of rater perceptual self-monitoring in evaluating performance

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Conway ◽  
John T. Hazer ◽  
Brittany N. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Self Monitoring

Plasma Levels of Protein S, Protein C, and Factor X: Effects of Sex, Hormonal State and Age

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (05) ◽  
pp. 1271-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M A Henkens ◽  
V J J Bom ◽  
W van der Schaaf ◽  
P M Pelsma ◽  
C Th Smit Sibinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Protein S ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Normal Ranges

SummaryWe measured total and free protein S (PS), protein C (PC) and factor X (FX) in 393 healthy blood donors to assess differences in relation to sex, hormonal state and age. All measured proteins were lower in women as compared to men, as were levels in premenopausal women as compared to postmenopausal women. Multiple regression analysis showed that both age and subgroup (men, pre- and postmenopausal women) were of significance for the levels of total and free PS and PC, the subgroup effect being caused by the differences between the premenopausal women and the other groups. This indicates a role of sex-hormones, most likely estrogens, in the regulation of levels of pro- and anticoagulant factors under physiologic conditions. These differences should be taken into account in daily clinical practice and may necessitate different normal ranges for men, pre- and postmenopausal women.

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