scholarly journals Producing elephant commodities for 'conservation hunting' in Namibian communal-area conservancies

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee John Hewitson ◽  
Sian Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Communal Area

The Floating Village: Fostering Social Capital in Chinese Migrant Settlements through Mobile Architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vincent Woon
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Communal Area ◽  
Communal Space ◽  
Cultural Origins

<p>In the past two decades, China has realised one of the fastest and largest rural to urban migrations in the world. The country’s urban population has increased by 20% over the last 20 years due to rapid urbanisation and a drastic improvement in urban opportunities. It is projected that by the year 2020 China aims to house 60% of its population in urban areas, resulting in a population shift of over 100 million people. One of the major issues which is presented to rural migrants is the hukou system. Hukou acts as a domestic passport which prevents rural migrants from attaining social benefits within urban areas. This has created an underclass within China’s urban areas known as the “floating population”.  This thesis focuses on the architecture of the “floating villages” of China which accommodate this floating population. The floating village is an informal settlement of migrant workers which develops around construction sites. The village provides services such as food, entertainment, medical care and recycling to the construction workers., However, as a pseudo-urban typology accommodating many of the functions of a town, it lacks one important element: a focused communal area. The absence of deliberately designed a communal space has led to social tensions within the floating village due to the different cultural origins of the migrant workers. Migrant workers arrive in floating villages without knowledge of urban culture and with no communal support. Varying migrant accents, and traditions, alongside struggles with poverty, creates friction between workers.  This thesis proposes a temporary and portable architectural intervention within the floating village which fosters a positive community. The research of community design is explored through an architecturalisation of Dr Robert D. Putnam’s understanding of social capital.</p>

Diet determination of cattle grazing in the Sanyati communal areas in Zimbabwe

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Hanne H. Hansen ◽  
Jørgen Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Communal Area ◽  
Communal Areas

SummaryThe diet of cattle grazing in the Sanyati communal area, Zimbabwe was determined using plant particle identification from faeces from intact animals, and faeces and oesophageal extrusa from fistulated animals. A total of 130 plant genus, species and types were identified. The twenty most frequently occurring species in the samples comprised between 76 and 90% of the identifiable diet. The most frequent grass species were more than half of the identified diet in the dry season while they were half or less of the identified diet in the wet season. There were more plant species identified in the wet season than in the dry season. Significant differences were found when comparing the plant species identified in faeces to those in oesophageal extrusa from fistulated animals. This may be due to incomplete recovery of ingesta in the bags, or to the loss of identifiable particles in the faeces when compared to oesophageal extrusa because of digestibility. More research is needed to validate the use of oesophageal extrusa for diet botanical determination.

Valuation of communal area livestock benefits, rural livelihoods and related policy issues

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delali B.K. Dovie ◽  
Charlie M. Shackleton ◽  
E.T.F. Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Communal Area

scholarly journals Immunological response to Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccination of cattle in a communal area in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J.G. Simpson ◽  
Tanguy Marcotty ◽  
Elodie Rouille ◽  
Abel Chilundo ◽  
Jean-Jacques Letteson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Communal Area

Brucellosis is of worldwide economic and public health importance. Heifer vaccination with live attenuated Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19) is the cornerstone of control in low- and middle-income countries. Antibody persistence induced by S19 is directly correlated with the number of colony-forming units (CFU) per dose. There are two vaccination methods: a ‘high’ dose (5–8 × 1010 CFU) subcutaneously injected or one or two ‘low’ doses (5 × 109 CFU) through the conjunctival route. This study aimed to evaluate serological reactions to the ‘high’ dose and possible implications of the serological findings on disease control. This study included 58 female cases, vaccinated at Day 0, and 29 male controls. Serum was drawn repeatedly and tested for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The cases showed a rapid antibody response with peak RBT positivity (98%) at 2 weeks and iELISA (95%) at 8 weeks, then decreased in an inverse logistic curve to 14% RBT and 32% iELISA positive at 59 weeks and at 4.5 years 57% (4/7 cases) demonstrated a persistent immune response (RBT, iELISA or Brucellin skin test) to Brucella spp. Our study is the first of its kind documenting the persistence of antibodies in an African communal farming setting for over a year to years after ‘high’ dose S19 vaccination, which can be difficult to differentiate from a response to infection with wild-type B. abortus. A recommendation could be using a ‘low’ dose or different route of vaccination.

scholarly journals A Critical Review of Environmental Conservation in Zimbabwe

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munyaradzi Mawere
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
Environmental Anthropology ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Indigenous Epistemologies ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
Indigenous Conservation ◽  
Communal Area ◽  
Border Thinking

The discourse on “environmental conservation” is highly dynamic and has generated controversies of epic proportions in conservation sciences and environmental anthropology. Given the nebulous nature of conservation, coupled with the varying interpretations evoked by the deployment of the concept across different disciplines, a more robust understanding of the notion calls into question its practical manifestations and application in particular situated contexts – particularly within the conservation sciences and environmental anthropology. In Zimbabwe, conservation by the state has tended to favour and privilege Western scientific models at the expense of the “indigenous” conservation practices of local people, as informed by their indigenous epistemologies. This paper thus represents an attempt to rethink conservation in Zimbabwe, adopting the Norumedzo communal area in south-eastern Zimbabwe as its case study. The choice of Norumedzo is based on the fact that this is one area where the highly esteemed and delicious harurwa (edible stink bugs, Encosternum delegorguei) are found. As a result of these insects being valued as “actors” and the appreciation shown to both Western and indigenous epistemologies, conservation in the area has enjoyed considerable success. To this end, this paper lends support to the arguments of Walter Mignolo and Ramon Grosfoguel in their advocacy for critical border thinking in issues of knowledge regarding environmental conservation.

A project for supporting visually handicapped old people. The development of a guide for the communal area of Münster

Pflege ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deittert ◽  
Lammerding ◽  
Stienen ◽  
Temme ◽  
Urbanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alte Menschen ◽  
Old People ◽  
Communal Area ◽  
Visually Handicapped

Mit diesem Beitrag möchten wir zum einen die Funktion und den Stellenwert des Projektstudiums im Studiengang Pflegepädagogik an der Fachhochschule Münster vorstellen sowie zum anderen ein Projekt, in dem Studierende Erfahrungen mit qualitativer Forschung und Projektmanagement gesammelt haben. Die Zielgruppe des Projekts waren sehbehinderte alte Menschen, für die als eine Strategie der Gesundheitsförderung im Rahmen der Gesundheitsziele des Ministeriums für Arbeit, Gesundheit und Soziales des Landes NRW ein Ratgeber erstellt wurde.

Competing use of organic resources, village-level interactions between farm types and climate variability in a communal area of NE Zimbabwe

2011 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Rufino ◽  
J. Dury ◽  
P. Tittonell ◽  
M.T. van Wijk ◽  
M. Herrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Village Level ◽  
Communal Area ◽  
Organic Resources ◽  
Farm Types
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