scholarly journals Reading Monastic History in Bookbinding Waste

Fragmentology ◽  
10.24446/5i85 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
Ivana Dobcheva
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Upper Austria ◽  
Monastic History ◽  
Increased Activity

Shortly after its foundation in 748, the Benedictine monastery of Mondsee became an important centre for book production in Upper Austria. The librarians renewed their holdings over several phases of increased activity. In the fifteenth century, old and outdated books fell into the hands of the monastic binders, who cut up and reused them as binding waste for new manuscripts, incunabula or archival materials. These fragments often offer the only clues we have for the existence of specific texts in the monastic library and should be regarded as important sources for the study of the liturgical, scholarly and everyday life of Mondsee. This paper summarises the challenges to gathering, identifying, describing, and digitizing the material, the approach taken to achieve these ends, and an initial evaluation of Mondsee fragments used as binding waste.

Coming to Everyman

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-142
Author(s):  
Steven J. Osterlind
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Calculus Of Variations ◽  
Celestial Mechanics ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Morality Play

This chapter focuses on how quantification began to increase in the everyday life of ordinary people, who are represented in this chapter by the allegorical figure “Everyman” (from the fifteenth-century anonymous morality play Everyman). It discusses the invention of the chronometer and explores the effect that the increasing availability of luxury items such as sugar, as well as the quantifying ideas that were coming into use at that time, had on the general populace. The chapter then introduces Pierre-Simon Laplace, who assiduously worked to bring the newly formed probability theory to Everyman, especially through his efforts on the orthodrome problem in Traité de mécanique céleste (Celestial Mechanics), his ideas on scientific determinism (symbolized by “Laplace’s demon”), and his General Principles for the Calculus of Probabilities. The chapter also introduces Joseph-Louis Lagrange, whose work on the calculus of variations had a great influence on Laplace.

Old wine in new bottles: attitudes to reform in fifteenth-century England

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 193-211
Author(s):  
Derek Baker
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Line Shape ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
Church And Society ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Monastic History ◽  
The Way

Wherever one turns in the pages of those who have written about the later medieval church there are reminiscences of Eliot’s ‘Hollow Men’:Shape without form, shade without colourParalysed force, gesture without motionAs Knowles put it, ‘by and large the whole body ecclesiastic was lukewarm’, adding of monasticism in particular that ‘it had little warmth to spare for others’. It was, he commented elsewhere, ‘an age of waning fervour’ - ‘the rhythm of life becomes universally slower, and scarcely any new feature appears until the abrupt end’. To other less compelling and considered writers it has been all too easy to characterise these waning medieval years simply as ones of ‘inevitable decline’, the retreat of the spiritual tide proceeding unchecked by the vain efforts of even the most able and dedicated men of the period to halt its recession - ‘it was his misfortune’, it has been said of Marmaduke Huby, one of the major English monastic figures of the period, ‘to be born at a time when ideals were at a low ebb, when the spirit of monasticism had grown languid and when material preoccupations demanded far too much attention’. There is little to be gained from such generalised speculation, which, if the subject of the passage was not known, could readily be ascribed, with equal non-validity, to almost any period in monastic history. Nonetheless, it remains true that the particular circumstances of church and society in the fifteenth century placed massive obstacles in the way of men like Huby, and there is ample evidence of the difficulties with which they had to contend.

John Shirley: Book Production and the Noble Household in Fifteenth-Century England

2001 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Julia Boffey ◽  
Margaret Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Book Production

Manuscript Production in Florence

2020 ◽  
pp. 831-849
Author(s):  
Xavier van Binnebeke
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Book Production ◽  
The West ◽  
Manuscript Production

Florence was the center of humanist book production, not only in Italy, but more generally in the West. This essay discusses the new style of classical and humanist books produced in fifteenth-century Florence, focusing on script, decoration, major libraries (the Angeli, the badia, San Marco), collectors (the Medici, Parentucelli, Jean Jouffroy, King Alfonso of Naples, Federico da Montefeltro), and the booksellers (Guarducci, Vespasiano).

scholarly journals Annalistic Writing and the Development of Written Culture (Novgorod of the 11th and the First Half of the 12th Centuries)

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-110
Author(s):  
Timofey V. Guimon
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Book Production ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Primary Chronicle

The author studies key moments in the history of early Novgorodian annalistic writing in the context of other written practices in Novgorod. The first, very brief annalistic notes were made by clerics of the St. Sophia Cathedral in the middle of the 11th century, at the time when, in Novgorod, writing was becoming part of the everyday life of clerics as well as of the lay elite and the administration. The first systematic historical works (an annalistic compilation and a collection of lists) appear in the 1090s, when we see the spread of book production beyond St. Sophia and the start of the mass usage of princely seals. The beginning of the systematic keeping of annalistic records in the 1110s was probably stimulated by the creation and the revisions of the Primary Chronicle in Kiev but, at the same time, it is around 1117 that the posadnik’s seal appears, and this reflects a shift in the political balance in Novgorod. The 1130s were the time when the earliest extant documents granting lands, incomes, and privileges to church institutions were issued, and some other innovations in written culture also took place at around that time. In 1132 the annals previously kept for the prince passed to the control of the archbishop. Their content changed and official accusations relating to the behavior of princes began to be included. Thus, it was in the 1130s that the rights, privileges, and mutual positions of the actors in Novgorodian politics started to be fixed in writing.

scholarly journals Sellers and Buyers of the Lyon Book Market in the Late 15th Century

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Hulvey
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Book Trade ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The City ◽  
Material Evidence

Without a university or parliament, Lyon became an important centre of book production and distribution over the last quarter of the fifteenth century. In the course of these years, favourable economic conditions with the development of a fourth annual fair and elaborate banking services, turned the provincial merchant town into a European marketplace. Constant movement of people, goods, and money, as well as a ten-year tax exemption for newcomers to the printing business, attracted printers and booksellers who placed Lyon at the heart of networks operating near and far. Contemporary material evidence from the buyers’ side documents the markets targeted by the Lyon book merchants during this key period, some of their strategies, and skills at time and distance management. It also suggests how, in their spheres of influence, the development of the book trade could have played a part in the evolution of urban and rural society. With little archival evidence at hand, we need to reassess the larger organisation of the Lyon book trade in the international landscape and the part played by the importation of books. A mapping of available data, and observations on bindings and provenance, is helping to define the role of the city in the circulation of books, printed locally or elsewhere, throughout France.

scholarly journals Krakowscy wytwórcy i sprzedawcy pieczęci w pierwszej połowie XX w. Wprowadzenie do zagadnienia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 63-127
Author(s):  
Szymon Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
Increased Activity

Ze względu na rozrost form kancelaryjnych w XIX i XX w. działalność wytwórców i grawerów pieczęci zaczęła się dynamicznie rozwijać. O wzmożonej aktywności krakowskich pieczętarzy świadczą np. ogłoszenia prasowe, w których odnaleźć można szeroką ofertę tych przedsiębiorstw. Rozwój technologiczny oraz zachodzące zmiany ekonomiczne i gospodarcze wywarły wpływ także na zakłady grawerskie. Upowszechniła się mechanizacja, do produkcji pieczęci zaczęto wprowadzać gumę, której wykorzystanie pozwoliło na szybszą realizację większej liczby zamówień. W omówionym okresie prosperowało kilkudziesięciu wytwórców i sprzedawców pieczęci w Krakowie. Wymienione w artykule firmy i rzemieślnicy nie mogą stanowić pełnego ich wykazu, nie prowadzono bowiem systematycznej rejestracji dla tego rodzaju rzemieślniczej i handlowej działalności. Z powodu braku materiału źródłowego trudno było ustalić daty otwarcia i zamknięcia niektórych warsztatów, co dotyczy także danych o zmianie lokalizacji i profilu firm. Niemniej uznano, że trzeba zaprezentować dotąd nieprzebadany element życia mieszkańców Krakowa i zainicjować badania nad niezauważaną działalnością lokalnych rękodzielników. An introduction to Krakow’s seal makers and dealers in the first half of the 20th century Due to the development of chancery forms in the 19th and 20th centuries, the activity of seal makers and engravers began to develop dynamically. The increased activity of Krakow’s seal makers and dealers is confirmed by, among others, press advertisements in which we can find a wide ranging offer of such enterprises. Technological development and ongoing economic and agricultural changes also had an impact on engraving firms. Mechanization became widespread, with rubber also being introduced into the production of seals, which enabled the faster delivery of more orders. In the discussed period, tens of seal makers and dealers operated in Krakow. The companies and craftsmen mentioned in the article do not constitute a whole, because there was no separate registration for them. Because of the lack of source material, it was difficult to find the dates on which some workshops were established or closed down. This also applies to the dates of company location and profile changes. We believe, however, that this previously unexamined element of everyday life of Krakow’s residents should be presented and research into the unnoticed activities of local craft workers should be initiated.

Aggiornamenti su Bartolomeo Varnucci

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-364
Author(s):  
Daniele Guernelli
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Book Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
Eighth Decade

Abstract This article outlines the figure of the Florentine Bartolomeo Varnucci, an illuminator who for decades had his workshop in the Badia Fiorentina, where he was assisted by his brothers Giovanni and Chimenti. They where all cartolai, craftsmen able to take care of the production of manuscripts as a whole, from the preparation of the parchment to the binding. Active from the third to the eighth decade of the fifteenth century, Bartolomeo was able to interpret the rise of humanistic book production, with its typical decoration of white vine stems, but also to move through the vast requests of the devotional world, more inclined to conservative artistic solutions. This contribution gives a complete survey of the artist’s milieu and work, adding several new works to his catalogue.

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