scholarly journals MICROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN INTENSIVE ECOLOGICAL VEGETABLE CROP ROTATION IN HIGH TUNNEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Piotr Siwek ◽  
Iwona Domagała-Świątkiewicz ◽  
Andrzej Kalisz ◽  
Piotr Bucki
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Butterhead Lettuce ◽  
The University

In 2014–2015 at the experimental station of the University of Agriculture in Kraków, situated in Mydlniki near Kraków, Poland, experiments with intensive crop rotation in a high tunnel were conducted. The objectives concerned microclimatic zones in the tunnel and the yield and quality of butterhead lettuce (spring), cucumber (summer), and butterhead lettuce (autumn). Besides the properties of the soil in the high tunnel, a crucial role was played by microclimatic factors. The measurements showed variations in solar radiation, temperature and air humidity depending on the zone in the tunnel and the weather. Higher temperature in the centre of the tunnel was conducive to obtaining greater yields of spring lettuce and cucumber. In the spring and summer periods, the amounts of dry matter and total sugars in the edible parts of the cultivated vegetables were higher in the eastern and central zones of the tunnel. In the autumn, with less solar radiation, the amount of sugars in lettuce leaves was greater in the western zone. There was observable influence of the location in the tunnel from which samples were taken for analyses (zonal effect) on some physical parameters of the soil (bulk density, water capacity, and water-stability index).

scholarly journals Soil properties among Indian Central Himalayan agroecosystems as affected by altitude and size variations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Charu Shahi ◽  
◽  
SS Bargali ◽  
Kiran Bargali ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Food Selectivity ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

The present study has been performed among Central Himalayan agroecosystems (AGEs) to analyze the changes in some physico- chemical properties of soils along four altitudes viz. very low (VLA), low (LA), mid (MA) and high altitude (HA). The AGEs were categorized into three size classes i.e. small, medium, and large based on the regional availability of landholding sizes. Results revealed that the size of the AGEs significantly affected only physical parameters of the soil while chemical parameters remain unaffected, this may be due to the regional similarity in management practices of AGEs which governed by the identical seasonal cropping patterns, local food selectivity and economic status of the peasant. The soil bulk density was recorded maximum at VLA (1.00 g cm-3) and decreased with increasing altitude and sizes of agroecosystem thus the correlations were significant. Water holding capacity depicted positive relation with porosity (r= 0.229, P<0.01) and OC (r= 0.273) while negative relation with silt (r= -0.172), bD (r= -0.221,) and pH (r= -0.081). Soil nitrogen was reported highest at MA in medium sized agroecosystems, during the rainy season (0.287 %) followed by winter (0.257 %) and summer season (0.243 %). Overall maximum soil carbon stock was observed at MA (41.41 t ha-1) > HA (37.85 t ha-1) > LA (33.00 t ha-1) > VLA (30.16 t ha-1). Suitable management practices of higher altitudes reflected as the high fertility of the soil in those regions (SQI= HA> MA> LA> VLA) which must be followed by the farm managers of lower altitudes.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties of grain of different ripening soft winter wheat varieties under different fertilizer systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 206-222
Author(s):  
T. V. Silifonov ◽  
◽  
H. M. Hospodarenko ◽  
S. P. Poltoretskyi ◽  
V. V. Liubych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Unit ◽  
Fertilizer System

Aims. To determine the formation of physico-chemical properties of different ripening varieties of soft winter wheat grain under different fertilizer systems in a field crop rotation. Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physicochemical. Results. The article presents the formation of physico-chemical properties (thousand grain weight, grain unit, hardness index, protein content) of different ripening varieties of soft winter wheat grain under different fertilizer systems in the field crop rotation. On average, over two years of research, thousand grain weight of KWS Emil soft winter wheat increased from 37.2 to 38.5 g, depending on the fertilizer system. The use of all types of fertilizers increased it by 3 % compared to areas without fertilizers. There is no significant difference between fertilizer application systems in the field crop rotation. The high stability index (0.96–1.00) of thousand grain weight formation under growing both varieties indicates a slight influence of weather conditions of the growing season. Thus, in 2020 this figure increased from 37.1 to 38.3 g, and in 2021 – from 37.2 to 39.1 g. In Rino variety, thousand grain weight was significantly higher than in KWS Emil variety by 16–17 %. The application of 75 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizers increased it from 43.2 g to 43.6–43.8 g or only by 1 %, and at a double dose – to 44.8–45.2 g, or by 4–5 %. The efficiency of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers was higher than the cultivation of KWS Emil, and lower in Rino. The grain unit of both soft winter wheat varieties increased both on average and over the years of research with a stability index of 0.98–1.00. Thus, on average over two years of research, it increased in KWS Emil variety from 771 to 779–789 g/l or 1–2 % depending on the fertilizer system. Rino grain had 6% more grain unit compared to KWS Emil. On average, it increased from 820 to 831–838 g/l per fertilizer application or only by 1–2 %. Conclusions. It is established that the physico-chemical properties of grain change depending on the fertilizer system, variety and weather conditions of the growing season. Rino grain has higher physico-chemical properties. Thus, thousand grain weight increases from 43.2 to 43.6–45.2 g, grain unit – from 820 to 831–838 g/l, protein content – from 14.4 to 15.4–16.4 %, depending on the fertilizer system, hardness type – hard-grained. In KWS Emil variety, thousand grain weight increases from 37.2 to 38.3–38.5 g, grain unit – from 771 to 779–789 g/l, protein content – from 11.7 to 12.3–13.7 % depending on the fertilizer system, hardness type – soft-grained.

scholarly journals Nutritional, Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of Vegetable Fibers to Develop Fiber-Based Gel Foods

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Noguerol ◽  
Marta Igual ◽  
M. Jesús Pagán-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Vegetable Fibers ◽  
Physico Chemical

The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutritional and physico-chemical properties of six different vegetable fibers and explore the possibility of using them as a thickener or gelling agent in food. To determine the technological, nutritional and physical parameters, the following analyses were carried out: water-holding capacity, water retention capacity, swelling, fat absorption capacity, solubility, particle size, moisture, hygroscopicity, pH, water activity, bulk density, porosity, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and mineral content. Gels were prepared at concentrations from 4% to 7% at 5 °C and analyzed at 25 °C before and after treatment at 65 °C for 20 min. A back extrusion test, texture profile analysis and rheology were performed and the pH value, water content and color were analyzed. As a result, all the samples generally showed significant differences in all the tested parameters. Hydration properties were different in all the tested samples, but the high values found for chia flour and citrus fiber are highlighted in functional terms. Moreover, chia flour was a source of minerals with high Fe, Mn and Cu contents. In gels, significant differences were found in the textural and rheological properties among the samples, and also due to the heat treatment used (65 °C, 20 min). As a result, chia flour, citrus, potato and pea fibers showed more appropriate characteristics for thickening. Moreover, potato fiber at high concentrations and both combinations of fibers (pea, cane sugar and bamboo fiber and bamboo, psyllium and citric fiber) were more suitable for gelling agents to be used in food products.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Properties of Binary Mixture of 2,3-Dichloroaniline and Carbon Tetrachloride at 300 K

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 2386-2392
Author(s):  
Mahendra Kumar ◽  
Chandreshvar Prasad Yadav ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar Pandey ◽  
Dhananjay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocity ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Thermal Relaxation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Gibb’S Free Energy

The physico-chemical properties of binary mixture of 2,3-dichloroaniline (2,3-DCA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) have been studied in the present work by the measurement of density, viscosity, ultrasonic velocity and estimation of thermo-physical parameters at 300 K. The density, compressibility, free length, relative association and free volume were found to increase while viscosity, ultrasonic velocity, acoustic impedance and internal pressure were received to decay with an increase in mole fraction of solvent in the binary mixture. The thermal relaxation time and Gibb’s free energy were found to decay with a slow rate up to 50% mole fraction of the solvent, after that these quantities decay very fast in chosen binary mixture. The ultrasonic absorption was also found to increase slowly up to 50% mole fraction of solvent and after that a fast decay was observed in the present binary mixture. The molecular interaction, structural ordering, stability and related features of the prepared binary mixture were also analyzed based on measured and estimated parameters.

Research on physico-chemical properties of sugars and sugar crystallization at the University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague

2020 ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Z. Bubnik ◽  
P. Kadlec ◽  
E. Sarka ◽  
V. Pour ◽  
A. Hinkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The University ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This paper represents a summary of most important research activities in sucrose crystallization, in which the Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, part of the University of Chemistry and Technology (UCT) Prague, has been involved over the last 25 years. A wide range of these projects has been carried out in cooperation with other research institutes, universities and industrial partners. These activities can be divided into four main research areas that are interconnected and support each other. – Physical and chemical properties of sucrose and sugar solutions; – Growth kinetics of sugar crystals in pure and technical sugar solutions; – Simulation and mathematical modeling of new processes and technologies; – Experimental work for industry and cooperation with industrial partners.

ANALYSIS OF CONTAMINATING ELEMENTS IN TREE RINGS IN SANTIAGO, CHILE

1996 ◽  
Vol 06 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. ROMO-KRÖGER ◽  
M.J. AVILA ◽  
L.C. EATON ◽  
L.A. LÓPEZ
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Isochronous Cyclotron ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The University

Using the 22” isochronous cyclotron at the University of Chile, we have performed PIXE analyses on a group of samples collected from trees of metropolitan parks in Santiago. Dendrochronology was performed on each sample, which was then sectioned for the PIXE and other analyses, neutron activation and electro-chemistry. Available samples are trunk sections or cores obtained by the use of a 4.0 mm stainless steel incremental corer. We took three cores from each tree with permission of the municipalities. For the PIXE we use infinitely thick targets, as wood slabs taken along the trunk radius, and thin targets obtained by acid digestion of wood pieces and deposition on Kapton foils. Self supporting thick targets were placed directly in the PIXE chamber in a position so as to allow the irradiation of a specific annual ring. Potassium and Calcium appear as the most abundant elements in wood Other elements such as S, Cu, Zn, As, Br and Pb were detected in amounts above the natural background in wood, and can be attributed to environmental contamination. The K/Ca ratios appear to be different for each species of tree, and seem to be related to the physico-chemical properties of wood. Preliminary results show important amounts of As and Cu (supposedly from mining origin) with increasing presence in the recent years. Pb and Zn (supposedly from vehicle origin) are also higher in recent years.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spatial Variability of Soil Physico-Chemical Characteristics on Rhodic Ferralsol at the Syferkuil Experimental Farm of University of Limpopo, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kopano Conferance Phefadu ◽  
Funso Raphael Kutu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The University ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Bray P1 ◽  
Extractable Zn

<p>Spatial variability among selected soil physical and chemical properties in twelve profiles dug across the research block of the University of Limpopo experimental farm was investigated. The soils were moderately shallow to deep, contain variable textural classes and classified as Rhodic ferralsol. Over 90% of the samples were considered as slightly alkaline based on the water-measured pHvalues but decreased to marginally over 27% when measured in KCl. The electrical conductivity of the soils revealed a generally non-saline field. Bray P1, EC, exchangeable cations, extractable Zn and effective cation exchange capacity contents differed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) with depth while K, Mg, Ca, Mn, organic carbon and ECEC differed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) across profiles. Semi-variograms for the measured variables had low values indicating the existence of considerable level of spatial variability. Spatial dependence among top and subsoil pH, EC, organic carbon, sand, silt clay and bulk density ranged between weak and strong. Results revealed a significant spatial variability of the characterized parameters across the research block because to differences in tillage, cropping pattern and nutrient specific application over the years.</p>

scholarly journals Hydraulic Properties and Their Dependence on Physico-chemical Properties of Soils: A Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Seema . ◽  
Rita Dahiya ◽  
V. K. Phogat ◽  
H. S. Sheoran
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

In the present day context, the knowledge of the soil, water and its movement in the soil has key importance for optimum plant growth as well as having practical inferences in agricultural, hydrological and ecological situations. Hydraulic properties of soils play a significant role in the adoption of water management strategies capable of improving resource use efficiency and alleviating production constraints of soils worldwide. Hydraulic conductivity is the most important hydraulic parameter to regulate the flow and transport related phenomena in soil. Hence, there is a need for accurate and adequate information regarding the hydraulic properties in relation to soil physico-chemical properties. The aim of this paper is to extend the relationship between the hydraulic properties and other soil physico-chemical properties of soils. Many studies around the world reveal the effect of texture, soil organic carbon content, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, aggregate stability index and soil water holding capacity on hydraulic properties of soils.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Under Acacia Senegal (L) Willd Plantation in Sahel Zone of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titus Ayodele Ampitan
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Acacia Senegal ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Open Woodland

Abstract BackgroundAcacia senegal (L) Wild known as gum Arabic tree, is a nitrogen fixing tree and a drought resistant species with potentials to improve infertile soils is planted in Sahel zone of Jigawa State, Nigeria for the production of gum arabic. However, there is dearth of information on the soil physico-chemical properties under plantation. MethodsSoil samples were collected from four 30 x 30m plots in the plantation and another plot in open woodland (control). In each plot, three replicate soil samples were taken from 0-15cm, 15-30cm and 30-60cm soil depths analyzed for micro and macronutrients, while soil acidity was determined both in water and 0.01M CaCl2.ResultsThe general soil texture of the plantation is loamy sand but with slight textural differentiation under the open woodland. Results indicated that physico-chemical properties of soils under the plantation were significantly different at P < 0.05 compared with the control. The mean soil bulk density ranged from 1.6g/cm3 in the plantation to 1.8g/cm3 in the open woodland. The high values of soil bulk density might be ascribed to loss of organic matter as a result of soil erosion and animal grazing which are common occurrences. ConclusionFrom the result of the study soil physico-chemical properties under the plantation are high and have more beneficial effects on the trees unlike the open woodland.

scholarly journals Physical parameters and physico-chemical properties of two wild beans (Phaseolus lunatus) consumed in Côte d'Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 007-016
Author(s):  
Elvis Gbocho Serge Ekissi ◽  
Jocelyn Constant Yapi ◽  
Martin Tanoh Kouadio ◽  
Albert Abidie Gouledji ◽  
Patrice Lucien Kouame
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wild Beans
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