scholarly journals THE PATHOGENICITY AND TOXIGENIC PROPERTIES OF Fusarium crookwellense L.W. Burgess, P.E. Nelson & Toussoun DEPENDING ON WEATHER CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Barbara Mielniczuk ◽  
Małgorzata Cegiełko ◽  
Irena Kiecana ◽  
Juliusz Perkowski ◽  
Alina Pastucha
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Field Inoculation ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Fusarium Crookwellense ◽  
Higher Temperature

Field inoculation experiments were performed during 2015–2017, in south-eastern part of Poland. The pathogenicity of F. crookwellense was estimated based on the kernels yield reduction of 10 selected oat genotypes. Panicles of oat were inoculated with conidial suspension of F. crookwellense strain No. 72 which caused a reduction in kernels yield by 28.54% and kernels number per panicle by 28.07%, compared to the control. The lowest yield reduction, as a result of the panicle inoculation with F. crookwellense, was found in the case of the cultivar ‘Pablo’ (18.73%), while the highest in the case of breeding line POB 961-1344/13 (36.4%) and cv. ‘Kozak’ (34.3%). Statistically the highest average yield reduction was observed in year 2016, when a higher amount of rainfall, especially in July (just after inoculation) and higher temperature, compared to the long-term standard, were observed. During the period between inoculation and harvest, F. crookwellense was able to produce nivalenol, fusarenone X and zearalenone in oat kernels at the average level of 0.065 mg∙kg-1, 0.026 mg∙kg-1 and 0.015 mg∙kg-1 respectively.

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilizers and long-term aftereffect of liming on the biological properties of light gray forest soil and the yield of meadow clover 1g .p. in the conditions of the South-East of the Volga-Vyatka region

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
A. V. Ivenin ◽  
A. P. Sakov ◽  
Yu. A. Bogomolovа ◽  
T. S. Вuzynina ◽  
V. V. Ivenin
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
The South

The article deals with the influence of mineral fertilizers and the long-term aftereffect of liming on the biological properties of light gray forest soil and the yield of meadow clover 1 g.p. in the conditions of the South-East of the Volga-Vyatka region. The biological properties of light gray forest soil in 2020 were more influenced by the weather conditions of the pink clover vegetation and the culture itself than by the studied aftereffects of lime material and various doses of its mineral nutrition. The biological activity of the soil was in the range of 16.3–30.4%. The intensity of soil respiration was very weak and was in the range of 1.53–3.4 mg of CO2/10g for 24 hours. The average yield of the green mass of clover 1 g.p. (in terms of absolutely dry matter) was in the range of 30.4–33.2 t/ha (NSR05 by factor B-6.3) and did not depend on the aftereffect of the studied lime doses. The use of N45P120K180 doses of mineral fertilizers increases the average yield of pink clover 1 g.p. compared with the natural fertility of light gray forest soil and the variants of using N15P40K60 doses up to 37.9 t/ ha, which is by11.9 and 8.6 t/ha respectively higher than these variants (NSR05 for factor A-5.2). An increase was also obtained from the use of N30P80K120 doses of mineral fertilizers compared to the cultivation of clover according to natural soil fertility — by7.4 t/ha (NSR05 according to factor A-5.2).I n general, for 42 years of studying the aftereffect of liming it was shown, that by 2020 liming does not affect the biological properties of light gray forest soil and the yield of 1 g.p. clove according to all the studied doses of its use in the conditions of the South-East of the Volga-Vyatka region. The soil needs repeating of reclamation works.

scholarly journals Promising apple clonal rootstocks in Crimea

2020 ◽  
pp. 312-315
Author(s):  
Валентина Викторовна Танкевич
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Compact Shape

Современная экономика диктует необходимость быстрой и эффективной окупаемости затрат, вложенных в производство продукции садоводства. Это требует интенсификации отрасли. Одним из путей решения поставленных задач является закладка садов на клоновых подвоях, обеспечивающих высокое, стабильное плодоношение, с плодами отменных вкусовых качеств, подбор новых подвоев, приспособленных к условиям Крыма и не уступающих по комплексу хозяйственно-биологических свойств районированным в регионе. В статье освещены результаты многолетнего изучения 14 клоновых подвоев в сочетании с 2 сортами яблони. Определена сила роста изучаемых привойно-подвойных комбинаций в почвенно-климатических условиях Предгорного Крыма. Комбинации сортов Аскольда и Ренет Симиренко с подвоями ЕМ-IX, КД 4, КД 5 по показателям параметров кроны относятся к слаборослой группе. Деревья на К 104 по силе роста занимают положение промежуточное между ЕМ-IX и ММ-106, но имеют хорошо развитую корневую систему и компактную форму кроны. Выделенные комбинации рано вступают в плодоношение (на 2-3 год). Средний урожай таких насаждений равен 24,4-30,6 т/га. Отобранные подвои обладают большим биологическим потенциалом и эффективными хозяйственно-биологическими свойствами и представляют интерес для южного садоводства. Modern economy prescribes the necessity of rapid and efficient returns of costs invested in horticultural production. It requires an intensification of the industry. One of the ways to achieve this goal is to establish gardens on clonal rootstocks ensuring high and stable crop-bearing with fruits of excellent taste, selection of new rootstocks, adapted to the conditions of Crimea and not inferior in terms of the economical and biological properties to those already recognized in the region. The article highlights the results of a long-term study of 14 clonal rootstocks in combination with 2 apple varieties. We determined the power of growth of the grafting and rootstock pairs in the soil and weather conditions of the Piedmont Crimea. Combinations of ‘Ascold’ and ‘Renet Simirenko’ varieties with rootstocks EM - IX, KD 4, KD 5 in terms of crown parameters belong to a dwarf group. By the power of growth, the trees on K 104 are intermediate between EM - IX and MM - 106, but they have a well-developed root system and compact shape of the crown. The obtained combinations come into fruiting early (in the 2nd-3d year). The average yield of such plantations is 24.4-30.6 t / ha. The selected rootstocks have great biological potential and effective economical and biological properties proving to be promising for southern horticulture.

Contrasting effects of fire on populations of two small rodent species in fragments of Atlantic Forest in Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos de Souza Lima Figueiredo ◽  
Fernando Antonio dos Santos Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Small Rodent ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
The Core ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Habitat fragmentation causes a sharp increase in the forested area affected by edge effects (Murcia 1995). Compared with the core of the forest, edges present higher litterfall rates, air and soil humidity reduction, higher temperature and increased wind incidence (Bierregaard et al. 1992, Didham & Lawton 1999, Laurance et al. 1998, Matlack 1993). These features of edges may increase the probability of fire occurrence, especially if the surrounding vegetation is composed of grasses (D'Antonio & Vitousek 1992, Freifelder et al. 1998). After a fire, the damaged edge will grow substantial amounts of herbaceous vegetation, extending the inflammable area into the forest, and thereby creating a positive feedback system of fire susceptibility and intensity (Cochrane & Schulze 1999, Cochrane et al. 1999). Fires may affect the structure and composition of the vegetation (Cochrane & Schulze 1999, Didham & Lawton 1999, Sanaiotti & Magnusson 1995), favouring, in the long-term, the dominance of the community by species characteristic of disturbed habitats and making the habitat unsuitable to primary forest species (Malcolm 1994, Possingham et al. 1994). Unfortunately, there are few studies on the effects of fires on neotropical small-mammal populations (Borchert & Hansen 1983, Ojeda 1989, Vieira & Marinho-Filho 1998). The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of a fire on populations of two rodent species, Akodon cursor (Winge) and Oecomys concolor (Wagner) in two fragments of Atlantic Forest in Brazil.

Long-term precipitation and slide activity in south-eastern Norway, autumn 2000

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Jaedicke ◽  
Arne Kleven
Keyword(s):  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Norway

Use of roadside remnants of softwood scrub vegetation by birds in south-eastern Queensland

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Leach ◽  
HF Recher
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Roadside Vegetation ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Tree Component

Birds in roadside and remnant patches of vegetation in the Marburg district of south-eastern Queensland were studied from November 1989 to February 1990. Effects of the length, width and height of the tree, shrub and herb layers, and their major components, on the bird community were determined. In all, 43 species of birds were observed in roadside vegetation; 16 of these were abundant and widely distributed. Silvereyes were most frequently observed (240 observations), followed by superb fairy-wrens (59), yellow thornbills (53), double-barred finches (26), red-backed fairy-wrens (25) and Lewin's honeyeaters (20). Apart from silvereyes (20-654 of observations), and superb fairy-wrens on two roads (12 and 13%) and yellow thornbills on one (15%), no other species constituted more than 10% of observations on any road. In all, 48 species of birds were observed in remnant patches of vegetation, 14 in all of them. Rates of detection in remnant patches ranged from 2.7 to 5.3 birds per 5 min compared with a mean maximum rate for roadside vegetation of 1.3. The richness of the roadside avifauna increased significantly (P=0.001) as the volume (length x width x height) of the tree component, especially the softwood species, increased. The diversity of tree species in softwood remnants and the greater canopy density appear to be important factors that enhance the bird community. The number of birds was also correlated (P=0.05) with the volume of brigalow, Acacia harpophylla. The correlation of the volume of woody weeddshrubs with the number of birds was low (P=0.05), and with the number of species not significant, even though woody weeds were a major component of roadside vegetation. Although supporting fewer birds than remnant patches of vegetation, roadside vegetation contributes importantly to conservation of the avifauna in the Marburg district. Some simple management practices, such as maintaining a minimum width of undisturbed vegetation and retaining vegetation diversity, would ensure or enhance the long-term conservation benefits. Opportunities to regenerate softwood remnants could also be taken, particularly to enhance the value, and possibly prolong the life, of the associated remnants of brigalow.

Multiple regression analyses of midwinter fattening of the white-throated sparrow

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2405-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Blem ◽  
Michael H. Shelor
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Zonotrichia Albicollis ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Extreme High Temperature

Midwinter lipid depots of the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) at Richmond, Virginia, are correlated with a suite of environmental and morphological variables. Lipid reserves allow this species to survive even the most extreme winter conditions for several hours. Variables having the greatest individual correlations with lipid reserve are average temperature of the 20 days prior to capture, fat class, body weight, and long-term (32-year) average temperature of the date of capture. A comprehensive multiple regression model based on analyses of all possible independent variables accounts for 87% of the variation in lipid reserves. The most important independent variables in this model are body weight, mean temperature of the 20 days preceding collection, fat class, extreme high temperature of the day of capture, long-term average temperature, relative humidity, chill factor, wet-bulb temperatures of the day before and the day of capture, wing length, and precipitation. The "best" equation using only measurements of environment as independent variables included time of collection in hours after sunrise and hours before sunset, Eastern Standard Time, temperature of the 20 days prior to capture, and mean wind velocity of the day before capture. Models computed solely from temperature measurements included dry-bulb temperatures of the day of capture and the day before capture, low extreme temperatures of the day of capture, wet-bulb temperatures of the day before capture, and the 20-day average dry-bulb temperature of the period prior to collection. Fattening in response to weather conditions appears to be a form of "fine-tuning" of energy reserves superimposed on a more stable, intrinsic cycle of winter fattening.

scholarly journals Seasonal activity of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in the era of progressive climate change in eastern Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Zając ◽  
Joanna Kulisz ◽  
Aneta Woźniak ◽  
Katarzyna Bartosik ◽  
Adil Khan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
Questing Ticks ◽  
The Mean

AbstractDermacentor reticulatus ticks are one of the most important vectors and reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens in Europe. Changes in the abundance and range of this species have been observed in the last decade and these ticks are collected in areas previously considered tick-free. This may be influenced by progressive climate change. Eastern Poland is an area where the local population of D. reticulatus is one of the most numerous among those described so far. At the same time, the region is characterized by a significant increase in the mean air temperature in recent years (by 1.81 °C in 2020) and a decrease in the average number of days with snow cover (by 64 days in 2020) and in the number of days with frost (by 20 days in 2020) on an annual basis compared to the long-term average. The aim of our research was to investigate the rhythms of seasonal activity and the population size of D. reticulatus in the era of progressive climate change. To this end, questing ticks were collected in 2017–2020. Next, the weather conditions in the years of observation were analyzed and compared with multi-year data covering 30 years preceding the study. The research results show that, in eastern Poland, there is a stable population of D. reticulatus with the peak of activity in spring or autumn (up to a maximum of 359 individuals within 30 min of collection) depending on the year of observation. Ticks of this species may also be active in winter months. The activity of D. reticulatus is influenced by a saturation deficit.

scholarly journals CREATING MULTI-TEMPORAL MAPS OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTS FOR IMPROVED LOCALIZATION OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 317-323
Author(s):  
J. Schachtschneider ◽  
C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
One Year

Abstract. The development of automated and autonomous vehicles requires highly accurate long-term maps of the environment. Urban areas contain a large number of dynamic objects which change over time. Since a permanent observation of the environment is impossible and there will always be a first time visit of an unknown or changed area, a map of an urban environment needs to model such dynamics.In this work, we use LiDAR point clouds from a large long term measurement campaign to investigate temporal changes. The data set was recorded along a 20 km route in Hannover, Germany with a Mobile Mapping System over a period of one year in bi-weekly measurements. The data set covers a variety of different urban objects and areas, weather conditions and seasons. Based on this data set, we show how scene and seasonal effects influence the measurement likelihood, and that multi-temporal maps lead to the best positioning results.

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