scholarly journals EFFECT OF SELECTED PREPARATIONS ON SOME BIOMETRIC FEATURES OF ‘TARDIVA’ PANICLED HYDRANGEA (Hydrangea paniculata Siebold) DEPENDING ON THE IRRIGATION FREQUENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Wojciech Durlak ◽  
Barbara Marcinek ◽  
Mariusz Szmagara ◽  
Margot Dudkiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Konopińska-Mamej
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Blade Length ◽  
Biometric Features ◽  
Vapor Gard

One of the ways to reduce the water consumption by plants while maintaining their proper quality is to use substances that limit excessive transpiration. Three preparations at following concentrations: Moisturin (10%), Root-Zone (4.5%) and Vapor Gard (1%), were used in the experiment. Moisturin and Vapor Gard were applied in the form of a single spray, and Root-Zone as a single irrigation in mid July.The aim of the research was to assess the effect of several anti-transpirants on some biometric features of the ‘Tardiva’ panicled hydrangea depending on the frequency of irrigation. The following parameters were measured: area, perimeter, width and length of leaf blade, length and width of inflorescences, and the diameter of shoots. Treatment of H. paniculata cv. ‘Tardiva’ with Root-Zone and Moisturin anti-transpirants with a single irrigation every other day allows to reduce the water consumption and obtain shrubs of a quality comparable with plants irrigated twice a day. The use of Moisturin with a twice daily irrigation positively affected the length and width of inflorescences.

scholarly journals The effect of the height gradient on morphological traits of Dracocephalum nutans L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00024
Author(s):  
Gulnora Denisova ◽  
Safarbek Rahimov
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Altitude Gradient ◽  
Blade Length ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflorescence Length ◽  
Height Factor

Individuals of Dracocephalum nutans L. have been studied at different altitude levels from 460 to 2437 m above the level seas. The influence of the height gradient on morphological characters has been shown: the number of generative and vegetative shoots, the height of the generative shoot, the length and width of the leaf blade, length of its petiole, and inflorescence length. It was found that the height gradient has the greatest influence on the height of the generative shoot and the length of the inflorescence. When individuals grow higher along the altitude gradient, the height of the generative shoot and the length of the inflorescence decrease. The fluctuation of the average values of the traits of D. nutans in a wide range was established. The intrapopulation analysis of D. nutans individuals does not depend on the height factor.

scholarly journals Variasi Morfologi Bambu Tali [Gigantochloa apus (Schult.F.) Kurz.] pada berbagai ketinggian tempat di Sub Daerah Aliran Sungai Pelus

Biosfera ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tria Fauzi Prabandani Hakim ◽  
Pudji Widodo ◽  
Eming Sudiana
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Blade Length ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Altitudinal Difference ◽  
Difference Effect

A study on the morphological variation of tali bamboo [Gigantochloa apus (Schult.f.) Kurz] has been conducted at various altitudes of Sub Watershed Pelus Banyumas, Central Java. This study was aimed at determining the morphological variations in relation to altitudes above sea levels. The method used was survey with stratified sampling.  The variables measured included culm diameter, culm internode length, culm sheath length and width, ovate-triangular blade length and width, leaf blade length and width, stem color and hairs, and altitude. The results of this study indicated that the altitudinal difference effect some morphological characteristics of tali bamboos such as: 1) green young seedling with black hairs found at 200-299 m and 300-399 m asl. 2) morphological variations are effected by altitude. Tali bamboo grows optimally at the altitude of 400 to 499 m asl. The results of regression analysis showed that the altitude has a relatively close correlation with somes of morphological character of tali bamboo.

scholarly journals Automatic Irrigation System using Wireless Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rusydi Muhammad Razif ◽  
Preetharan Ravindran ◽  
Ili Najaa Aimi Mohd Nordin ◽  
Nor Saradatul Akmar Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Wireless Control ◽  
The Cost

Traditional methods of irrigation and fertilizing is very time consuming for farmers. Over-irrigation as well as leaching of fertilizers below the root zone, erosion, and transport of soil and chemical particles to the drainage ditches can increase energy and water consumption in farming. A single systems combining irrigation and fertilizing will greatly reduce the cost and time needed in farming. There are two types of fertilizers available for home gardener – granular and water-soluble fertilizers. Generally, granular fertilizers release nutrient gradually but can last longer than water-soluble fertilizers. This project will provide an automated system for irrigation and fertilizing for plantation using Arduino as the microcontroller. This system will include a mobile application to control the amount of water during the irrigation and fertilizing processes. The microcontroller communicates with the mobile application via internet using the Wi-Fi modulator. Then, the microcontroller processes the information and operates the irrigation and fertilizing pumps which supplies water and fertilizer through the sprinkler system in the field. Any feedback will be sent to the user through the mobile application.

scholarly journals Soil nitrate accumulation and leaching in conventional, optimized and organic cropping systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Wang Dapeng ◽  
Zheng Liang ◽  
Gu Songdong ◽  
Shi Yuefeng ◽  
Liang Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Grain Yields

Excessive nitrogen (N) and water input, which are threatening the sustainability of conventional agriculture in the North China Plain (NCP), can lead to serious leaching of nitrate-N (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N). This study evaluates grain yield, N and water consumption, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N accumulation and leaching in conventional and two optimized winter wheat-summer maize double-cropping systems and an organic alfalfa-winter wheat cropping system. The results showed that compared to the conventional cropping system, the optimized systems could reduce N, water consumption and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N leaching by 33, 35 and 67–74%, respectively, while producing nearly identical grain yields. In optimized systems, soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N accumulation within the root zone was about 80 kg N/ha most of the time. In the organic system, N input, water consumption and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N leaching was reduced even more (by 71, 43 and 92%, respectively, compared to the conventional system). However, grain yield also declined by 46%. In the organic system, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N accumulation within the root zone was generally less than 30 kg N/ha. The optimized systems showed a considerable potential to reduce N and water consumption and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N leaching while maintaining high grain yields, and thus should be considered for sustainable agricultural development in the NCP.  

scholarly journals Heterosis in Local Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
MM Islam ◽  
U Sarker ◽  
MG Rasul ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Blade Length ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Standard Heterosis

An experiment was conducted to study the heterosis of 27 F1 hybrids produced from nine CMS lines and three restorer lines of rice with their parental lines and BRRI Dhan29 as standard check for 17 yield and its contributing traits. Mid parent, better parent and standard heterosis of most of the crosses were significant for most of the characters studied either in positive or in negative direction. Desirable and significant mid parent and better parent heterosis was observed in 13 and seven cross combinations, respectively for grain yield and most of its related traits. Considering more than 20% mid parent and better parent heterosis for grain yield along with most of its related traits, nine and five cross combinations, respectively were identified as good heterotic combinations over mid parental and better parental value. On the basis of individual trait significant and desirable mid parent heterosis was observed in eight cross combinations for plant height, 12 for leaf blade length, nine for flag leaf blade length, 13 for flag leaf sheath length, eight for tillers per hill, eight for panicles per hill, 14 for days to 50% flowering, four for days to maturity, four for panicle length, 14 for panicle weight, nine for primary branches per panicle, 16 for secondary branches per panicle, six for filled grains per panicle, 15 for 1000 seed weight, 13 for grain yield per hill and 15 for harvest index. Significant and desirable better parent heterosis was observed in 12 cross combinations for plant height, 11 for leaf blade length, 5 for flag leaf blade length, nine for flag leaf sheath length, seven for tillers per hill, seven for panicles per hill, 25 for days to 50% flowering, one for days to 100% flowering, seven for days to maturity, three for panicle length, nine for panicle weight, five for primary branches per panicle, 12 for secondary branches per panicle, four for filled grains per panicle, nine for 1000 seed weight, seven for grain yield per hill and nine for harvest index. None of the crosses were identified as good heterotic over standard check for grain yield per hill but many good and desirable heterotic crosses were identified over standard check for most of the yield related characters. Twenty cross combinations were identified as heterotic over standard check due to desirable and significant standard heterosis for most of the yield related traits.   Keywords: Heterosis; rice; Oryza sativa; boro DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v23i1.9314 BJPBG 2010; 23(1): 19-30

scholarly journals Vegetative Development and Nutrient Absorption March of Sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Maria Angélica Suedan Souza Lima ◽  
Anastácia Fontanetti ◽  
Márcio Roberto Soares ◽  
Rodrigo Gazaffi ◽  
Nathalia de França Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Blade Length ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Collection

Sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) is an unconventional food plant. It is a perennial herbaceous plant that forms thickets. There are studies related to the accumulation of nutrients in sorrel, but there is no information on its absorption march and vegetative development. The objective of this study is to determine macronutrient absorption and biometric parameters of sorrel during 60 days after seedling transplantation (DAT) of seedlings. The experiment was completely randomized with eight treatments and four replications. It was conducted in a greenhouse. The treatments consisted of plant collection times, performed at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50 and 60 DAT. Plants&rsquo; biometric parameters (leaf blade length, relative leaf area, and shoot fresh and dry matter) and macronutrient absorption march were evaluated. Biomass, leaf blade length and relative leaf area of sorrel plants increased over time and, more markedly, after 35 DAT. The maximum levels of macronutrients accumulated in sorrel shoots, in descending order, were K &gt; N &gt; Ca &gt; Mg &gt; P &gt; S. There was no significant difference in Ca and S contents among collection times, that is, the absorption and accumulation of these nutrients by sorrel did not vary throughout the evaluation time.

scholarly journals Forage yield, chemical composition and morphogenesis of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã under regrowth periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e133911801
Author(s):  
Newton de Lucena Costa ◽  
Antônio Neri Azevedo Rodrigues ◽  
João Avelar Magalhães ◽  
Amaury Burlamaqui Bendahan ◽  
Braz Henrique Nunes Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Leaf Lifespan ◽  
Blade Length ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

With the objective to evaluate the effects of regrowth period (14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days) on green dry matter yield (GDMY), chemical composition and morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, was carried out an experiment under greenhouse with natural conditions of light and temperature. GDMY yields and regrowth, leaf blade length, and leaf lifespan rate increased consistently (P<.05) with regrowth period, however the nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium contents decreased as regrowth period, while calcium contents were not affected by regrowth period. Maximum GDMY, leaf appearance and elongation rate, and leaf blade length were obtained with regrowth periods at 38.2; 41.1; 31.3 and 38.9 days, respectively. These data suggest that cutting at 35 to 42 regrowth days were optimal for obtain maximum yields and regrowth of rich forage and pasture persistence.

scholarly journals The Variation in Water Consumption by Transpiration of Qinghai Spruce among Canopy Layers in the Qilian Mountains, Northwestern China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Yanfang Wan ◽  
Pengtao Yu ◽  
Yanhui Wang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Yipeng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Sap Flux Density ◽  
Stand Transpiration ◽  
The Qilian Mountains ◽  
Qinghai Spruce

It is important for integrated forest-water management to develop a better understanding of the variation of tree transpiration among different canopy layers in the forests and its response to soil moisture and weather conditions. The results will provide insights into water consumption by trees occupying different social positions of the forests. In the present study, an experiment was conducted in the Qilian Mountains, northwest China, and 13 trees, i.e., 4–5 trees from each one of dominant (the relative tree height (HR) > 1.65), subdominant (1.25 < HR ≤ 1.65) and intermediate-suppressed (HR ≤ 1.25) layers) were chosen as sample trees in a pure Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) forest stand. The sap flux density of sample trees, soil moisture of main root zone (0 to 60 cm) and meteorological conditions in open field were observed simultaneously from July to October of 2015 and 2016. The results showed that (1) The mean daily stand transpiration for the study period in 2015 and 2016 (July–October), was 0.408 and 0.313 mm·day−1, and the cumulative stand transpiration was 54.84 and 40.97 mm, accounting for 24.14% (227.2 mm) and 16.39% (249.9 mm) of the total precipitation over the same periods, respectively. (2) The transpiration varied greatly among canopy layers, and the transpiration of the dominant and codominant layers was the main contributors to the stand transpiration, contributing 86.05% and 81.28% of the stand transpiration, respectively, in 2015 and 2016. (3) The stand transpiration was strongly affected by potential evapotranspiration (PET) and volumetric soil moisture (VSM). However, the transpiration of trees from the dominant and codominant layers was more sensitive to PET changes and that from the intermediate-suppressed layer was more susceptible to soil drought. This implied that in dry period, such as in drought events, the dominant and codominant trees would transpire more water, while the intermediate-suppressed trees almost stopped transpiration. These remind us that the canopy structure was the essential factor affecting single-tree and forest transpiration in the dryland areas.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis of the giant missionary grass in response to pig slurry fertilization

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1790-1796
Author(s):  
Valdirene Zabot ◽  
Simone Meredith Scheffer-Basso ◽  
Mario Miranda ◽  
Daiane Karla Kotwittz ◽  
Karen Doering Brustolin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Blade Length

The morphogenesis of giant missionary grass (Axonopus jesuticus x A. scoparius) was evaluated in this study in response to the application of 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200m³ ha-1year-1 of pig slurry, calculated to provide 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500kg N ha-1year-1, respectively. The experiment was carried out in the field, at Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil, in 2010-2011. The doses were fractioned in four applications, performed after the pasture cuttings, during the growth season of the grass. Morphogenetic evaluations were performed weekly between 10/26/2010 and 12/07/2010 (spring), 12/14/2010 and 01/11/2011 (late spring/early summer), 01/18/2011 and 02/07/2011 (summer), and 02/15/2011 and 03/21/2011 (late summer). The leaf senescence, leaf elongation, and pseudoculm elongation rates, canopy and pseudoculm heights, leaf blade length, and tillering increased because of fertilization. The application of pig slurry as a source of nitrogen alters the tissue flow of giant missionary grass, which requires attention to pasture management in order to maximize the efficiency of forage use and to prevent losses of herbage by leaf senescence.

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