scholarly journals CHANGES IN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CORNELIAN CHERRY (CORNUS MAS L.) FRUITS IN DEPENDENCE ON DEGREE OF RIPENING AND ECOTYPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Iwona Szot ◽  
Paweł Szot ◽  
Tomasz Lipa ◽  
Bożena Sosnowska ◽  
Bohdan Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Wide Range

Cornelian cherry in Poland belongs to the alternative fruit species. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption, however they can be used for processing: juice, jams, jellies, syrups, tinctures. Fruits are abundant in mineral elements, vitamin C, organic acids, iridoids, anthocyanins and due to that they have health-promoting significance. In this experiment, the fruit quality of several 16-year-old ecotypes in the Lublin region was compared. They were compared in terms of the beginning of fruit ripening and fruit size (length, diameter, mass), fruit shape index, share of stone in the fruit, SSC, TA, SSC/TA, reducing sugar, dry matter content and anthocyanins content. The color of fruit was evaluated in two dates, visually and using HanterLab spectrophotometer. Cornelian cherry fruits began to mature at the beginning of August and at the latest at the end of August. With the increase of the maturity degree, the SSC, reducing sugars, TA, dry matter and anthocyanins increased significantly. There was no difference in the taste of light red fruits and dark red fruits, which were characterized by similar ratio of SSC/TA. Ecotype No. 11, as the earliest maturing, with big round fruits, dark red colored with the highest content of anthocyanins, could be distinguished. As well as ecotypes No. 4 and 5, ripening in mid-August, and having a high ratio of SSC/TA, providing a good taste. Studied ecotypes could be used in breeding programs to incorporate a wide range of quality and agronomic characteristics into a final cornelian cherry cultivar.

scholarly journals Variability of Different Yield Contributing Parameters and Yield of Some Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Accessions

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
AKM Ashraful Alam ◽  
Md Mokbul Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Genotypic Coefficient Of Variation

In order to assess the variability of yield contributing characters of 50 okra accessions and their interrelation effects on the yield of green pod a field experiment was undertaken at the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from February, 2002 to May, 2002. A wide range of variation was observed in case of weight of green pod per plant (105- 281g), days to first flowering (40-52days) and weight of individual green pod (14-26g). Moderate variation for length of green pod (12-19cm), number of green pods per plant (6-11) and yield of green pod (4-13 t/ha), lesser variation for percent of dry matter content (5-8%), number of ridges per green pod (5-9) and diameter of green pod (1-2cm) was observed. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation was observed in case of yield of green pod (GCV= 23.22%) followed by weight of green pod per plant (22.24%), weight of individual green pod (18.68%), number of ridges per green pod (13.49%), number of green pod per plant (10.84%), dry matter content of green pod (10.48%), diameter of green pod (6.90%) and length of green pod (6.24%). These characters suggested the existence of justifiable genetic distance among different cultivars. Correlation coefficient indicated that yield of green pod had highly significant positive association with weight of green pod per plant and weight of individual green pod. Path coefficient analysis showed that the weight of green pod per plant and weight of individual green pod were directly contributed towards the yield of green pod. Key words: Okra, accession, variability, yield.

scholarly journals Foliage biomass qualitative indices of selected forest forming tree species in Ukrainian Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Svitlana Sytnyk ◽  
Viktoriia Lovynska ◽  
Ivan Lakyda
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractOur study objective was research on the assimilation component of aboveground biomass of trees and its correlation with mensurational indices of trees (age, diameter and height) in stands of the main forest forming species in the Ukrainian Northern Steppe zone - Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Black locust). The research was carried out in forest stands subordinated to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine. We used experimental data collected on sample plots established during years 2014-2016. The main research results prove that the foliage share in the tree greenery biomass structure had a wide range of values. For both investigated species, a positive correlation was found between the dry matter content in the tree foliage and the tree age, height and diameter. The foliage share in tree greenery biomass decreased with increasing mensurational index values. Correlation analysis revealed linear relationships between the mensurational indices and the discussed aboveground live biomass parameters. The closest correlation was observed between the stand age, mean stand diameter, mean stand height and dry matter content in the foliage.

scholarly journals Quality and Nutritional Compounds of Prunus Cerasus L. Var. Austera Fruit Grown in Central Italy

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Proietti ◽  
Stefano Moscatello ◽  
Fiorella Villani ◽  
Federica Mecucci ◽  
Robert P. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Nutritional Compounds

Key nutritional characteristics of the fruit flesh of 41 sour cherries growing in the region of Umbria in central Italy have been determined. Fruit size, flesh dry matter content, nonstructural carbohydrates, organic acids, and anthocyanins were the analyzed parameters. Both the growing environment and genotype were statistically significant for most of the characteristics. Morello sour cherries were characterized by a large amount of sorbitol (up to 44.2 mg·g−1 FW), which contributed significantly to the dry matter content of the flesh, malic acid content that was higher (up to 48.4 mg·g−1 FW) than any published values for cherry flesh, and high anthocyanin content (up to 383.4 mg per 100 g FW). Cyanidin 3-glucosyl rutinoside was the most abundant compound. The analyzed germplasm could be the basis for breeding programs and new industrial products with high nutritional value.

scholarly journals Kinetic patterns and optimization of the process of concentration by freezing the blood of cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
S. T. Antipov ◽  
V. Yu. Ovsyannikov ◽  
A. A. Korchinskij
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Heat Exchange Surface ◽  
Exchange Surface

The urgency of the use of blood components as a raw material for the production of products from it that contribute to the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency states is beyond doubt. In addition, protein compounds in the blood of cattle have a high digestibility of the human body, and the complex of essential amino acids determines its attractiveness as an additive in the development of a wide range of meat products. The only possible way at present to thicken thermo labile blood compounds is cryoconcentration, carried out in a temperature range close to the cryoscopy temperature. The kinetic features of cryoconcentration of cattle blood were investigated on an experimental apparatus of cyclic action. It is shown that the conditions of cryoconcentration are determined by the boiling point of the refrigerant in the evaporator of the installation, the flow rate of the original blood washing the heat exchange surface and the content of soluble compounds in the initial liquid. Experimental data are presented in the form of growth curves of frozen ice on the heat exchange surface with an area of 0.2 m2. Using mathematical planning methods, equations are obtained that describe the amount of ice frozen for 1 hour per unit of surface area of the freezing plant, the specific energy input for freezing one kilogram of ice, and the dry matter content of the blood in the solution obtained by melting the frozen ice. The solved problem of optimizing the process of blood cryoconcentration made it possible to find rational intervals for changing the operating parameters of the freezing plant, ensuring the maximum amount of frozen ice, minimal energy costs and minimal content of soluble substances in the solution obtained by melting frozen ice. The suboptimal intervals of the indicated parameters were the following: refrigerant boiling point 256– 260 K, blood consumption (0.20–0.205)·10-3 m3/s, dry matter content 22.5–23.0 %.

The Effect of Dry Matter Content of A Straw/Sugar Beet Pulp Mixture Used As A Buffer Feed When Fed to Dairy Cows at Different Stages of Lactation

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
A Hameleers ◽  
T Bronda ◽  
D J Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Friesian Cows

Buffer feeding is a widely used strategy to improve DM intakes from dairy cows at grass. A very wide range of products have been used as buffer feeds resulting in a wide range of responses. Less well understood are which factors are important in explaining these responses. In this experiment the buffer feed characteristic “dry matter content” and the animal factor “stage of lactation” were used as variables in order to gain a better understanding of responses to buffer feeding.Forty Friesian cows, of which 20 were spring calving and 20 autumn calving were used in a continuous design experiment lasting 5 weeks from 3 May until 7 June 1993. The animals were allocated to four treatments on basis of milk yield, liveweight and stage of lactation. The treatments were grazing only (C), grazing and a buffer feed at 30% DM (B30), 50% DM (B50) and 80% DM (B80) and for each treatment half the cows were spring calving (S) or autumn calving (A). The grazing consisted of a 8 ha field of predominantly perennial ryegrass which was split into 4 equal paddocks which were grazed on a daily rotational basis.

Effects of water stress on dry matter content and partitioning in four grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

OENO One ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Gómez-del-Campo ◽  
Pilar Baeza ◽  
C. Ruiz ◽  
José Ramón Lissarrague
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Accumulation Pattern

<p style="text-align: justify;">Three-year-old grapevines of four cultivars (Garnacha tinta (Grenache noir), Tempranillo, Chardonnay and Airén) were grown on 35 L container under full irrigation and restricted irrigation conditions in order to determine the effect of water stress on carbohydrate allocation. Total grapevine dry matter was measured at pruning, fruitset, veraison and harvest. Roots, wood, shoots, leaves and clusters were dried separately. Shoots were the most affected organs by water stress, while wood was the least affected. Vines under water stress partitioned more dry matter to wood and roots to the detriment of fruits and shoots. The period from fruitset to veraison was the most active for dry matter accumulation under conditions of stress, whereas non-water stressed vines accumulated more dry matter from veraison to harvest. Under both irrigation treatments, fruits competed with roots for dry matter partitioning. Irrigation treatment and cultivar determined fruit size. Fruit size determined dry matter partitioning between organs and the dry matter accumulation pattern.</p>

scholarly journals Changes in physico-chemical properties and flavour compounds during fermentation of different obushera (sorghum and millet) beverages

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (54) ◽  
pp. 6665-6685
Author(s):  
IM Mukisa ◽  
◽  
CMBK Muyanja ◽  
YB Byaruhanga ◽  
T Langsrud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Flavour Compounds ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Highperformance Liquid Chromatography

Four types of Obushera, a fermented millet or sorghum beverage: Ekitiribita, Obuteire, Obutoko and Enturire were analyzed for their physico-chemical properties, sugars, organic acids and volatile compounds during fermentation. Standard chemical methods were used to determine the physico-chemical properties of Obushera. The organic acids, carbohydrates, glucose, fructose and maltose were analyzed by highperformance liquid chromatography. The pH of all Obushera varied between 4.00±0.10 and 4.42±0.11 after 4 days of fermentation. The pH of Obuteire, Obutoko and Enturire dropped below 4.5 within one day of fermentation. Acidity ranged between 0.13% (Ekitiribita) to 1.33% (Enturire) after 4 days of fermentation. Dry matter decreased and varied between 5.4 and 22% after 4 days of fermentation. Fermentation resulted into a 20–40% reduction of dry matter in Obutoko, Obuteire and Enturire. Enturire had the highest dry matter content and decreased from 22% to 13%. Fermentation resulted in an apparent increase in protein concentration (5.7– 12.3%). Flavour compounds identified included sugars, organic acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and esters. Enturire contained the highest (p < 0.05) concentrations of most flavor compounds. Sugars (maltose, glucose and fructose) were reduced during fermentation. The predominant organic acids detected were lactate, acetate and succinate and increased with fermentation time. Alcohols identified in Obushera were ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol and increased during fermentation. Ethanol was the predominating alcohol reaching a maximum of 0.8–1.0% (Obuteire and Obutoko) and 4.5% in Enturire during fermentation. The aldehydes detected in Obushera were acetaldehyde, 2-methyl-1- propanal, 2-methyl-1-butanal and 3-methyl-1-butanal and varied from 0.1 mg kg-1 to 6.8 ± 1.2 mg kg-1. Diacetyl, acetoin and 2,3 pentanedione were the ketones identified in Obushera. Esters detected in Obushera included ethyl lactate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate and isobutyl acetate. Significantly higher (p <0.05) amounts of esters were detected in Enturire than in the other types of Obushera. Principal Component analysis, grouped Obushera into three categories (Ekitiribita, Obuteire/Obutoko and Enturire) based on flavour profile differences.

scholarly journals Tomato (L. esculentum Mill.) Genotypes variability of fruit traits

Genetika ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Glogovac ◽  
Adam Takac ◽  
Jelica Gvozdanovic-Varga
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Locule Number ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Fruit Mass

Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) is vegetable which could be produced and consumed in a many different ways, due to its variability, made by breeding programs. Variability of analyzed genotypes was determinated for further fruit traits: average mass, fruit shape, locules number and dry matter content. Variability source structure was determinated using principal components analysis (PCA). Three main components, which explain 94,2 % of total variability, were chosen for further analysis. The biggest part of the first main component has fruit shape and locule number. The second component is determinated by dry matter content, and the third by the fruit mass. For more precisely perception of homology and divergence between analyzed genotypes, nonhierarchical grouping analysis (k-means) was performed, and genotypes were divided into three groups. Divergency was determinated for fruit mass and locule number, while for index shape and dry matter contetent analyzed genotypes are homologous. The aim of this study is to examine tomato genotypes variability for fruit traits.

scholarly journals Influence of the Crown Shape on the Input of the Fruit and the Productive Potential of Cherry Trees in a High-Density System

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerian BALAN ◽  
Igor IVANOV ◽  
Petru BALAN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
High Density ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
Slender Spindle ◽  
Low Volume

The purpose of this study was to practice and improve the use of low volume crowns in a high-density system in order to obtain qualitative cherry production that would be competitive on the market and to make efficient use of the labor force. The research was carried out in the intensive cherry orchard planted in the autumn of 2011 with “Ferrovia”, “Kordia”, and “Regina” varieties, grafted on Gisela 6 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) rootstock interspaced at 4x2.5 m and managed according to the Ameliorated natural crown systems with low volume, Ameliorated Slender Spindle and Vase shaped crown. Harvest, diameter, firmness, dry matter content and fruit weight were determined. The trees started to yield in the third year after planting. The harvest in the second year of yielding was 4-5 kg/tree. The average harvest in the third year of yielding was 9640-13290 kg/ha. For all three varieties the harvested quantity and fruit size were correlated with the crown shape. The Ameliorated Slender Spindle crown provided the highest production per hectare, while the Flattened Vase Shaped crown provided the lowest yield but had the highest values of the fruit size (28.2-28.4 mm) and of the soluble dry matter in the fruit (17.9-18.6 Brix%).

Further studies of the rate of passage of food through the alimentary tract of pigs

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Castle ◽  
M. E. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sigmoid Shape

1. Four replicated experiments were made to determine the rate of passage of meal through the alimentary tract of pigs on different feeding treatments. In each experiment stained meal was used and the results were expressed by means of excretion curves. From these, mean retention times (R values) were calculated. All the curves were of a similar sigmoid shape.2. A significant inverse relationship was found between the mean retention time and the total weight (meal plus water) of the ration. This relationship was found when (a) the weight of meal was constant and the weight of water was varied, (b) the weight of water was constant and the weight of meal was varied, and (c) the total combined weight of meal and water (at the same ratio) was varied.3. The digestibility of the dry matter and crudec protein in Exps. 1–3 was not altered greatly as a result of the different feeding treatments.4. In Exp. 4, similar rates of passage were found in pigs fed on the two rations of widely different digestibilities.5. The dry-matter content of the faeces of the pigs was remarkably constant over a wide range of water and food intakes when using the same meal.

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