EFFECT OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION ON YIELD, GROWTH AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BASIL HERB

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dzida ◽  
Zenia Michałojć ◽  
Zbigniew Jarosz ◽  
Karolina Pitura ◽  
Natalia Skubij
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Herbal Plants

In the cultivation of herbal plants, besides the size of the crop, the quality of obtained raw material is extremely important, which is proven not only by the appearance and taste, but also biological value. Factors that affect these parameters include plant nutrition. The main nutrient affecting the correct course of metabolic processes in a plant is potassium. To obtain high yield in terms of quantity and quality, the nutritional requirements of plants must be met. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of potassium nutrition on the quality of basil herb. The experiment was established in a two-factor scheme, in which the factors were: potassium dose (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g K·dm–3) and the type of potassium fertilizer (KCl, K2SO4, KCl + K2SO4). The yield of basil plants was influenced by the dose and type of potassium fertilizers used (0.5 g K·dm–3 – 92.5; 1.0 g K – 67.3; 1.5 g K – 69.75 g·plant–1). The highest content of L-ascorbic acid was found in basil plants fed with the average potassium dose (65.9 mg·100 g–1 FW). The least nitrates (V) were contained in basil fertilized with KCl in the highest dose of K (63 mg·100 g–1 FW). No effect of the dose and type of potassium fertilizer on the content of phosphorus and sulfur in the plant material, was recorded. The content of Ca and Mg was influenced by both the potassium dose and the type of potassium fertilizer. The most of these components was revealed by plants fed with KCl, and with the increase of the dose, the content of both these mineral components decreased. Chlorine content in the herb increased with the applied potassium dose, the effect on the concentration of chlorine in the plant material was exerted by the type of potassium fertilizer applied – the highest concentration of this element was recorded. The content of macroelements in the substrate from basil cultivation was influenced by the dose and type of potassium fertilizers used. The best quality parameters of basil were obtained after application of 1.0 g K·dm–3 substrate in the form of KCl + K2SO4.

scholarly journals Comparison of Traditional and Novel Drying Techniques and Its Effect on Quality of Fruits, Vegetables and Aromatic Herbs

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Ángel Calín-Sánchez ◽  
Leontina Lipan ◽  
Marina Cano-Lamadrid ◽  
Abdolreza Kharaghani ◽  
Klaudia Masztalerz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Techniques ◽  
Material Volume ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Combined Technique ◽  
Aromatic Herbs

Drying is known as the best method to preserve fruits, vegetables, and herbs, decreasing not only the raw material volume but also its weight. This results in cheaper transportation and increments the product shelf life, limiting the food waste. Drying involves the application of energy in order to vaporize and mobilize the moisture content within the porous products. During this process, the heat and mass transfer occurs simultaneously. The quality of dehydrated fruits, vegetables, and aromatic herbs is a key problem closely related to the development and optimization of novel drying techniques. This review reports the weaknesses of common drying methods applied for fruits, vegetables, and aromatic herbs and the possible options to improve the quality of dried products using different drying techniques or their combination. The quality parameters under study include color, bulk density, porosity, shrinkage, phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity, sugars, proteins, volatile compounds, and sensory attributes. In general, drying leads to reduction in all studied parameters. However, the behavior of each plant material is different. On the whole, the optimal drying technique is different for each of the materials studied and specific conditions must be recommended after a proper evaluation of the drying protocols. However, a novel or combined technique must assure a high quality of dried products. Furthermore, the term quality must englobe the energy efficiency and the environmental impact leading to production of sustainable dried products.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilisation on the Quality of Dried Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and Lovage (Levisticum officinale)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Natalia Matłok ◽  
Józef Gorzelany ◽  
Adam Figiel ◽  
Maciej Balawejder
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vacuum Microwave ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Total Antioxidant Potential

The study presents the effects of fertilisation on selected quality parameters of the dried material obtained from plants of lovage and coriander. During the crop production process, the plants were treated with two fertilisers containing substances potentially acting as elicitors. The dried material was obtained in course of a drying process carried out in optimum conditions and based on the CD-VMFD method which combines convective pre-drying (CD) at a low temperature (40 °C) with vacuum-microwave finish drying with the use of 240 W microwaves (VMFD). The quality of the dried material was evaluated through measurement of the total contents of polyphenols, total antioxidant potential (ABTS and DPPH method), and the profile of volatile compounds (headspace-solid phase microextractio-HS-SPME) as well as assessment of the colour. It was found that by applying first fertilisation (with organic components) it is possible to significantly increase the contents of both bioactive compounds and volatile substances responsible for the aroma. It was determined that the higher content of bioactive compounds was related to the composition of the first fertiliser, presumably the extract from common nettle. The study showed that the application of the first fertiliser contributed to enhanced quality parameters of the raw material obtained.

scholarly journals Effect of freshness grade of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) on the quality of marinated product stored at 4°C

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Nalan Gokoglu ◽  
Ilknur Ucak
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen ◽  
Engraulis Encrasicolus ◽  
Basic Nitrogen

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of raw material freshness on the quality of marinated fish. The raw material anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) was divided into two batches. One batch (A) was kept at ambient temperature (20°C) for 6 h and the other one was kept at 0°C for 72 h. Then, they were marinated by soaking into marination solution containing 3% acetic acid and 8% NaCl. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine (TMA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), para-anisidine (p-Av) values in both marinated samples increased significantly during storage at 4°C. Increases in quality parameters were higher in samples produced with raw anchovy kept at 20°C compared to samples kept at 0°C. Although the sensory scores of both samples decreased during storage, higher scores were obtained for samples kept at 0°C compared to samples kept at ambient temperature. According to the results of the study, it has been determined that the quality of the raw material significantly (p<0.01) affects the quality of marinated anchovy.Keywords: fish; quality; anchovy; marinade; raw material 

The Effect of Water-Soluble Plasticizer on Barren Raw Material Hard Plastic Extruding Course

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Xiao Li Ji ◽  
Lei Wei ◽  
Qi De Wu ◽  
Fe Xu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
Ceramic Particle ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Paper Study ◽  
High Yield Strength

In hard plastic extruding course, the frictional resistance among particles and between the particles and mould make the extruding pressure 4 to 20 times larger than soft-plastic extruding. This paper study the plasticizer mechanism of water-soluble plasticizer in hard plastic extruding course, and emphasize that in this course the plasticizer liquid film not only have good combination with ceramic particle, but also has high yield strength so that the plasticizer liquid film is difficult to slide and be pulled thin. The compound usage of different plasticizers which can improve the effect of plasticizer enhances the quality of the final molding body.

scholarly journals Quality of Silages Made From Meadow Sward From South-Eastern Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
Adam Radkowski ◽  
Iwona Radkowska ◽  
Jan Bocianowski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
The Mean

AbstractWeather conditions prevailing in Poland often cause that meadow sward designated for silage is harvested too late, which decreases the quality of prepared silage. The aim of the research was to assess the quality of silages from dried meadow sward. The silages were ensiled in large cylindrical bales in selected individual farms specializing in milk production. The farms where the research was carried out were located in three voivodeships: slaskie, malopolskie and podkarpackie. In the prepared plant material, the basic chemical composition was determined using the method. When comparing the mean values, it was established that silages from the investigated region had a favourable content of total protein, the highest concentration was recorded for silages from Slask, followed by Malopolska and Podkarpacie. A slightly elevated concentration of crude fibre, fraction of acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF), was recorded. This fact shows that farmers collect raw material, particularly from the first cut, too late. Nutrient value of silages from meadow sward decreases with progressing vegetation. Higher protein and energy losses during sward ensiling were also observed at considerable drying of the plant material. In most cases, silages from the studied farms had a low content of monosaccharides. The carried out chemical analyses showed that in overall assessment the studied silages are of good quality; silages prepared from meadow sward from the third cut had the highest value. Proper technology of preservation of meadow sward is one of important factors in the production of feed for ruminants.

Evaluation of Wood Quality of Underutilized Indigenous Timber Species for Reducing Timber Scarcity: A Case of Mizoram, North-East India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Nagaraj Hegde ◽  
◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Kenyusinlo Khing ◽  
Gopichand B
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
North Eastern

Timber demand and supply gap has widened over the last few decades across different regions of the world. Indian scenario is no different. In the last decade though India’s forest cover has increased at a very slow pace, in north eastern part of India, there is a loss of forest cover at an alarming rate. This is a cause of concern for this region which is already depending only on handful of quality timbers for the structural and commercial purposes. Under this scenario, few alternative options should be looked at like exploring promising indigenous fast-growing species, or exploring some lesser-known timber species available naturally in the forest. Therefore, wood quality parameters of such timber species should be tested so as to know the specific utility of these timbers. In this study of Mizoram, wood quality parameters of five underutilized timber species were assessed and three out of five species have shown considerable quality as compared to Teak and many other mainstream species. Few selected properties are highlighted in this paper to indicate possible utility of selected species to reduce the gap in demand and supply of wood as raw material. We focused mainly on anatomical properties, gross features and cell constituents of these species in this paper. The properties observed for lesser-known species are compared with twenty Indian mainstream timbers. The results have indicated that there is a need for further expanding the scope for exploring more such species so that timber requirement of the region is meted out.

scholarly journals Occurrence of pathogenic and endophytic fungi and their influence on quality of medicinal plants applied in management of neurological diseases and mental disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wielgusz ◽  
Lidia Irzykowska
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Herbal Plants

Summary Due to increasing demand of medicinal plants (MPs), quality and safety more attention to the plant health should be paid. Among herb pathogens, especially fungi cause serious diseases in these plants decreasing yield and quality of herbal raw material. Some species, i.e. Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp. are known as mycotoxin producers. Paradoxically, self-treatment with herbal raw material can expose the patient to mycotoxin activity. In tissues of some MPs species, asymptomatically endophytic fungi residue. It is known that they are able to influence a biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in their host plant or produce biologically active compounds. Until recently these microorganisms have been neglected as a component of MPs, the reason why there have unexplored bioactivity and biodiversity. The paper presents an overview of herbal plants that are used in the treatment of nervous system diseases. Pathogenic fungi that infect these plants are described. It focused mainly on species producing harmful mycotoxins. The publication presents a list of these mycotoxins and a brief description of their effects on human health. The second part of this article provides information on the occurrence of endophytic fungi in herbal plants and their effects on human health. Coexistence of fungi and medicinal plants is not fully understood but can be crucial to ensure health and safety of patients with neurological diseases and mental disorders.

scholarly journals High yield CTMP fibres as a possibility of the more efficient yield of wood raw material

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Bojana Klasnja ◽  
Spiro Kopitovic ◽  
Stanislav Herak
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Chemical Pulp ◽  
Sulphate Pulp

The evident shortage of wood as a raw material has become a limiting factor in the pulp and paper industry which is the greatest consumer of wood in Europe. The situation in our country is similar. During the few past years, the production of poplar and willow pulpwood was 220.000 m3 per year, which is insufficient for the planned increase in the production of sulphate pulp (175.000 tons till 2005). This paper deals with the aspects of the more efficient yield of raw material, based on the significantly higher yield of CTMP fibres, as well as with the significance of the lower adverse effect on the environment. It also analyses the conditions of production and the quality of the obtained fibres, as a possible substitute for chemical pulp and secondary fibres in papers of different quality. The main reasons for the production and use of CTMP fibres in our country are reported.

scholarly journals Impact of Storage Time, Rain and Quality of Molasses in the Production of Bioethanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1032
Author(s):  
Zulfiqar Ali Bhatti ◽  
Manzoor-ul-Haq Rajput ◽  
Ghulamullah Maitlo
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Steel Tanks ◽  
Sugar Mills

Due to environmental concerns and the rising prices of petroleum products, usually bio-ethanol is being produced in greater amount from sugar cane molasses in Pakistan. In this work various properties related to molasses are being analyzed by performing experiments at the Distillery Plant, AASML (AlAbbas Sugar Mills Limited), Mirpurkhas, Sindh, Pakistan. Brix, Sucrose, pH, ethyl alcohol, RS (Reducing Sugar), TSI (Total Sugar as an Invert), TS (Total Sugar), purity and presence of micro-organisms are scrutinized. In addition, the effects of quality parameters of pre-fermentation and fermentation for ethyl alcohol production, time impact on stored molasses and consequences of rain on quality of molasses are studied. It was observed from the study that good quality molasses which is the raw material for alcohol production should be used in fermentation process. Molasses must be stored in steel tanks to prevent it from contamination and loss of fermentable sugars. The prefermenters need to steam sterilized, cleaned and washed before inoculation of yeast cells so that the yeast grows healthy to produce maximum ethyl alcohol in fermenters. The water used for hydrolysis of molasses in fermentation should be clean, filtered and good quality nutrients must be used for the growth of yeasts. Finally, efficiency and yield are calculated and t-test has been performed to depict a direct relationship of the fermentable sugar with efficiency.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties of goor and quality of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) as influenced by integrated nutrient management in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shamsul Arefin ◽  
Md Mokhlesur Rahman ◽  
Md Abdul Alim ◽  
Md Ariful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Ganges River

Sugarcane is the only sugar yielding and economically important crop in Bangladesh. Although, it is a good source of sucrose, alcohol and organic matter waste, soil fertility is declining in sugarcane growing areas. Considering the facts, a field study was carried out during 2014-2015 cropping season to evaluate the impacts of integrated use of different organic and chemical nutrients on the quality of sugarcane. Seven treatments were comprised in this experiment (T1 = Control, T2 = 165:55:120:30:10:2.5:4 kg NPKSMgZnB ha-1, T3 = Poultry Litter (PL) @ 5 t ha-1 + 95:51:87:9:10:2.5:4 kg NPKSMgZnB ha-1, T4 = Cow Dung (CD) @ 15 t ha-1 + 36:52:60:17:10:2.5:4 kg NPKSMgZnB ha-1, T5 = Press Mud (PM) @ 15 t ha-1 + 10:50:43:0:10:2.5:4 kg NPKSMgZnB ha-1, T6 = Mustard Oil Cake (MOC) @ 0.5 t ha-1 + 140:54:115:25:10:2.5:4 kg NPKSMgZnB ha-1 and T7 = GM (Green Manure) @ 5 t ha-1 + 140:53:100:28:10:2.5:4 kg NPKSMgZnB ha-1). The experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results of cane quality parameters, the treatment T3 (PL @ 5 t ha-1 + 95:51:87:9:10:2.5:4 kg NPKSMgZnB ha-1) recorded the highest brix (20.9 %), pol in cane (14. 9%) and sugar yield (15 t ha-1). The goor quality parameters likes sucrose (80.1 %), colour transmittance (57.80%) and goor recovery (11.21%) were noticed highest in T3 treatment, which was similar to T4 treatment (CD @ 15 t ha-1 + 36:52:60:17:10:2.5:4 kg NPKSMgZnB ha-1). On the other hand the lowest reducing sugars (6.56%) and ash content (2.96%) were also observed in T3 treatment. The results from this experiment revealed that the treatment - PL @ 5 t ha-1 + 95:51:87:9:10:2.5:4 kg NPKSMgZnB ha-1 followed by CD @ 15 t ha-1 + 36:52:60:17:10:2.5:4 kg NPKSMgZnB ha-1 provided a scope to supply raw material with juice and goor quality of sugarcane grown in High Ganges River Floodplain soils to sugar industry and goor makers.

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