scholarly journals Charakterystyka zasobów genowych pszenżyta ozimego pod względem polowej odporności na choroby grzybowe

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
ANETA KRAMEK ◽  
WANDA KOCIUBA
Keyword(s):  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Phaeosphaeria Nodorum

Celem pracy była charakterystyka materiałów kolekcyjnych pszenżyta ozimego pod względem polowej odporności na choroby grzybowe liści, takie jak mączniak właściwy (Blumeria graminis), rdza brunatna (Puccinia recondita) oraz septorioza liści (Phaeosphaeria nodorum). Materiał badawczy stanowiły 682 obiekty oceniane w latach 1985–2013. Bonitacja stopnia porażenia roślin przez choroby dokonywana była w oparciu o 9-stopniową skalę wg COBORU, w której 9 oznacza brak objawów chorobowych, a 1 – najsilniejsze porażenie. W celu oceny postępu biologicznego w odniesieniu do zdrowotności roślin wyodrębniono 2 grupy obiektów: badane w latach 1985–1999 oraz w latach 2000–2013. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na duże zróżnicowanie materiałów kolekcyjnych pszenżyta pod względem polowej odporności na choroby grzybowe liści, przy czym genotypy oceniane w latach 1985–1999 charakteryzowały się większą polową odpornością na choroby grzybowe niż genotypy analizowane w latach 2000–2013.

scholarly journals Występowanie ważnych gospodarczo chorób pszenicy ozimej w Polsce w latach 2006–2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
ANNA TRATWAL ◽  
FELICYTA WALCZAK
Keyword(s):  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Stagonospora Nodorum ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Phaeosphaeria Nodorum ◽  
Oculimacula Yallundae

Źródłem informacji, na podstawie których ocenia się stan fitosanitarny roślin uprawnych w Polsce jest monitorowanie nasilenia występowania agrofagów. Ogólnokrajowy monitoring gospodarczo ważnych agrofagów oparty jest na współpracy Instytutu Ochrony Roślin – Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego (IOR – PIB) w Poznaniu z wojewódzkimi inspektoratami Państwowej Inspekcji Ochrony Roślin i Nasiennictwa. Współpraca polega na prowadzeniu, jednolicie według metodyk opracowanych w IOR – PIB, obserwacji agrofagów, w wyniku których uzyskiwane są dane o nasileniu ich występowania na przestrzeni lat. Informacje te gromadzone są w Zakładzie Metod Prognozowania Agrofagów i Ekonomiki Ochrony Roślin IOR – PIB i na ich podstawie przedstawiany jest obraz zmian dotyczących nasilenia występowania, rejonizacji i rozprzestrzeniania się chorób i szkodników roślin uprawnych. W ostatnich pięciu latach głównymi chorobami pochodzenia grzybowego obserwowanymi w uprawach zbóż były: mączniak prawdziwy zbóż i traw – Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer., rdza brunatna pszenicy – Puccinia recondita Rob. Ex Desm f. sp. tritici (Eriks.) Johnson, septorioza plew pszenicy – Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum (Berg.) Castellani et Germano, łamliwość źdźbła zbóż i traw – Oculimacula yallundae (Wollwork, Spooner) Crous, Gams, oraz zgorzel podstawy źdźbła – Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx et Olvier.

scholarly journals Resposta de cultivares de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) ao controle químico das principais doenças fúngicas da cultura

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedito de Camargo Barros ◽  
Jairo Lopes de Castro ◽  
Flávia Rodrigues Alves Patrício
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Blumeria Graminis Tritici

Doenças do trigo, como a ferrugem-da-folha, a helmintosporiose e o oídio, causadas por Puccinia recondita, Bipolaris sorokiniana e Blumeria graminis tritici, respectivamente, podem reduzir severamente o rendimento da cultura. Diversas medidas são preconizadas para o controle das mesmas, entre as quais o emprego de cultivares resistentes, na época adequada, e o controle químico, sem o qual, freqüentemente, a cultura torna-se inviável economicamente. No presente trabalho avaliou-se, em condições de campo, a resposta a aplicações de fungicidas de seis cultivares de trigo, IAC 24, IAC 289, IAC 350, IAC 362, IAC 364 e IAC 370, em quatro experimentos instalados nos anos de 2000 a 2003, em Capão Bonito, Estado de São Paulo. Os ensaios foram realizados em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com 4 repetições, e analisados, a cada ano, em esquema fatorial, 2 x 6, sendo fungicida o fator 1 (com e sem) e cultivar o fator 2. As pulverizações, duas ou três, foram iniciadas quando a ferrugem-da-folha atingiu entre 10 e 15% de incidência, e repetidas após aproximadamente 15 dias. Avaliou-se a severidade das doenças por meio de uma escala de notas, que variou de 0 a 9 sendo 0 ausência de sintomas e 9 maior que 60 % de área de tecido foliar afetado pelas doenças, além do peso de mil sementes (PMS) e do rendimento. O oídio foi encontrado apenas em 2000, a ferrugem-da-folha em todos os anos em elevados índices de severidade (30 a 60% de área foliar afetada) e a helmintosporiose ocorreu nos três últimos anos, 2001 a 2003, apresentando os maiores índices de severidade em 2001 (até 60 % de área foliar afetada), o ano mais chuvoso. Em todos os anos os tratamentos químicos proporcionaram controle das doenças, aumentos no PMS e no rendimento. Nos anos mais favoráveis para a cultura, 2002 e 2003, o retorno em rendimento foi maior. As cultivares de ciclo mais longo, IAC 370, IAC 289 e IAC 350, foram as que mais responderam à aplicação do fungicida, embora as duas últimas tenham apresentado os menores índices de severidade das doenças, indicando que não só a resistência, mas fatores como o ciclo e características de produtividade intrínsecas a cada cultivar podem ser importantes na resposta ao controle químico.

scholarly journals Some Wheat Varieties Behavior Regarding the Attack of Main Pathogens Under Climatic Conditions from Central Area of Moldavia, Romania

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
C.I. Arsene ◽  
Andreea-Mihaela Bălău ◽  
E. Ulea
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Abstract Due to the attack of the main pathogens agents in the wheat crop the wheat production is not exploited at the full potential. Powdery mildew, leaf spot and rust brown leaves are considered to be the most widespread and damaging diseases of wheat. In our country, the attack of these pathogens is present every year, with different intensities and it can cause production damages ranging from 3-4% to 20%. Due to this fact, the main attention of the farmers is to cultivate resistant wheat varieties to Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer., Septoria tritici Rob. Desm. and Puccinia recondita Rob. et Desm. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the phytosanitary condition of 24 wheat varieties cultivated in 2011-2012 at the Ezăreni didactic Farm from University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iaşi, Romania, localized in the central area of Moldavia. This study contains data regarding the spread and evolution of the main pathogens that were observed at the 24 wheat varieties studied. These varieties showed different reactions to different pathogens observed in the same environmental conditions thus some of them were resistant to Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer. and Septoria tritici Rob. ex. Desm. attack, and some recorded a disease incidence of 18.75% at the Puccinia recondita Rob. et Desm attack.

Resistance of Triticum dicoccoides Collected in Israel to Infection with Puccinia recondita tritici1

Crop Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Moseman ◽  
E. Nevo ◽  
Z. K. Gerechter-Amitai ◽  
M. A. El-Morshidy ◽  
D. Zohary
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Dicoccoides ◽  
Puccinia Recondita

scholarly journals Dissimilarity of barley powdery mildew resistances Lomerit and Heils Hanna

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Japanese Isolate ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Reaction Type ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
Old Japanese

  The resistance Heils Hanna (HH) was postulated in several tens of 471 previously tested winter barley cultivars. In this paper, new tests on 29 of these cultivars are reported. Thirty-two reference isolates of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei held in the pathogen genebank at the Agricultural Research Institute in Kromeriz, Ltd. including a Japanese isolate and five Israeli isolates were used for response tests. However, the resistance HH conferred by the gene Mla8 and herein characterised by reaction type 0 to an old Japanese isolate known as Race I was now postulated only in four cultivars. In the other 25 cultivars another resistance, characterised by reaction type 0 to Race I and also to two Israeli isolates, was detected. In addition to the two mentioned resistances, eight known (Bw, Dr2, Ha, IM9, Ln, Lv, Ra and Sp) resistances were found in the set examined. Lomerit was the only registered cultivar tested here in which the newly detected resistance was present alone, therefore, it is recommended that this resistance be designated Lo.

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