scholarly journals An Epidemiological Study on Risk Factors of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Pranav Ish ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is expected to increase in the coming decades due to increasing air pollution. In a country like India, it is a challenge to control the growing incidence of COPD. For this, it is imperative to understand the various risk factors that lead to the development of COPD including smoking and the ever-worsening environmental air pollution levels. Material and Methods: This prospective case-control study was carried out at the out-patient clinic of pulmonary medicine at our tertiary care centre. Clinical severity data, demographic characteristics, smoking history, and particulate matter (PM) 2.5 levels at the residence of the patients were recorded. A total of 182 cases of COPD and 365 controls were taken. Result: COPD was found to be common among males (69.2%), among the factory workers, drivers and roadside vendors and in elderly age groups. COPD was found to be associated with exposure to active and passive smoking (p < 0.05). Exposure to dust, fumes, and smoke at the workplace was significantly more prevalent among the COPD patients (13.2%) than the control group (2.7%). Besides, 61.5% of the COPD patients were residing in the area with PM 2.5 levels > 60μg/m3 which was significantly greater than the controls (44.9%). Conclusion: The main risk factor for COPD is exposure to active and passive tobacco smoking. Other environmental factors such as exposure to dust, fumes at the workplace and home are also associated with COPD. Level of PM 2.5 > 60 μg/m3 is associated with an increased risk of COPD. Thus, the environmental history of residence in Delhi or a city with high AQI is significant in evaluating a COPD patient. It is important to understand the contribution of these risk factors as curbing and curtailing them can help prevent and control the growing burden of COPD.

scholarly journals Morphological and functional erythrocyte parameters in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2008 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
E. V. Privalova ◽  
T. V. Vavilova ◽  
N. A. Kuzubova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Compensatory Reaction ◽  
Copd Patients

The aim of this study was to investigate morphological and functional erythrocyte parameters in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We measured erythrocyte parameters (RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW-SD) using the automatic hematological analyzer Sysmex XT-2000i. Sixty-nine patients participated in the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 34 patients with COPD (mean age 63 yrs, median smoking history 36 packyrs); 15 smokers without bronchial obstruction (mean age 56 yrs, median smoking history 28 packyrs) and 20 nonsmokers of the sane age without bronchial obstruction. Smokers with COPD and smokers without bronchial obstruction had significantly higher erythrocyte parameters compared to those of nonsmokers. Smokers demonstrated higher HGB level that could be as a compensatory reaction to nicotine-related preclinical hypoxia. Marked increase in RBC number and anisocytosis (RDW-SD) reflected the erythron activation in smokers with COPD. These results suggest that measurement of erythrocyte parameters could be useful to assess symptomatic erythrocytosis in COPD patients.

scholarly journals CT-measured lung air-trapping is associated with higher carotid artery stiffness in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1760-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Luehrs ◽  
John D. Newell ◽  
Alejandro P. Comellas ◽  
Eric A. Hoffman ◽  
Kelsey Warner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Air Trapping ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Artery Stiffness

Early stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by the loss and narrowing of terminal bronchioles in the lung, resulting in “air-trapping,” often occurring before overt emphysema manifests. Individuals with an airway-predominant phenotype of COPD display extensive lung air-trapping and are at greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk than COPD patients with an emphysema-predominant phenotype. We hypothesized that the degree of computed tomography (CT)-quantified lung air-trapping would be associated with greater aortic and carotid artery stiffness and lower endothelial function, known biomarkers of CVD risk. Lung air-trapping was associated with greater aortic stiffness (carotid femoral pulse wave velocity, CFPWV) ( r = 0.60, P = 0.007) and carotid β-stiffness ( r = 0.75, P = 0.0001) among adults with ( n = 10) and without ( n = 9) a clinical diagnosis of COPD and remained significant after adjusting for blood pressure (BP) and smoking history (pack-years) (carotid β-stiffness: r = 0.68, P < 0.01; CFPWV r = 0.53, P = 0.03). The association between lung air-trapping and carotid β-stiffness remained significant after additionally adjusting for age and forced expiratory volume 1(FEV1) ( r = 0.64, P = 0.01). In the COPD group only ( n = 10), lung air-trapping remained associated with carotid β-stiffness ( r = 0.82, P = 0.05) after adjustment for age, pack-years, and FEV1. In contrast, no association was observed between CFPWV and lung air-trapping after adjustment for BP, pack-years, age, and FEV1 ( r = 0.12, P = 0.83). Lung air-trapping was not associated with endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation) in the entire cohort ( P = 0.80) or in patients with COPD only ( P = 0.71). These data suggest that carotid artery stiffness may be a mechanism explaining the link between airway-predominant phenotypes of COPD and high CVD risk. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous cross-sectional studies have demonstrated greater large elastic artery stiffness and lower endothelium-dependent dilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients compared with controls. Furthermore, COPD patients with emphysema have greater aortic stiffness than non-COPD controls, and the degree of stiffness is associated with emphysema severity. The present study is the first to demonstrate that even before overt emphysema manifests, lung air-trapping is associated with carotid artery stiffness in COPD patients independent of blood pressure, age, or smoking history.

scholarly journals Osteoporosis in Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Md Khairul Islam ◽  
Fahima Sharmin Hossain ◽  
Mostofa Kamal Chowdhury ◽  
Prodip Kumar Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copd Patients

Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most common systemic features of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). But there had been no data regarding osteoporosis in COPD patients in Bangladesh. Objectives: To determine the frequency of osteoporosis in COPD patients.Materials & Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study. COPD patients were recruited from Sarkari kormachari hospital. Patients were excluded if they had asthma, any disease affecting bones and calcium homeostasis or were receiving drugs related to bone metabolism. Demographic data were collected including age, smoking history, inhaled corticosteroid use, body mass index, treatment history hospital admission. Chest x-ray was done to exclude any infection or malignancy. Blood was obtained for complete blood count, renal function test, CRP. Bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) was conducted by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan (DXA scan) at second to fourth lumbar spines (L2-4) and femoral neck.Results: The overall prevalence of osteoporosis according to the lowest T-score at either L2-4 or femoral neck were 56.7%. This is very high than other country. BMI and CRP were significantly associated with osteoporosis.Conclusion: The frequency of osteoporosis in Bangladeshi COPD patients was higher than others. Osteoporosis was associated with low BMI and high level of CRP.J MEDICINE JUL 2018; 19 (2) : 114-118

scholarly journals Urinary incontinence in female patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
M. Papadopoulos ◽  
I. Muller ◽  
S. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients

Background: Urinary incontinence has been experienced as a problem since 1500 BC. In the twentieth century it is still a major problem that remains a source of distress for many sufferers. A lack of literature regarding the prevalence  of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) amongst chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients lead to this studyObjective: To determine the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in female COPD patients between the ages of 30 and 70 years.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 67 female COPD patients (aged 30-70 years) who were interviewed during a three month period. A structured COPD / incontinence questionnaire was used to obtain data. Statistical analysis of results included Fisher’s exact test and two-tailed t-tests. A p-value of < 0,05 was considered to be statistical significant.Results: The prevalence of SUI in female COPD patients was estimated as 82,1%. Smoking history was the only variable with a significant positive correlation regarding the patients presenting with SUI (p < 0,05). The proportion of smokers in the subjects presenting with SUI (SUI group - 29/55) is significantly higher than the subjects with no symptoms of SUI (normal group - 2/12).Discussion and Conclusion: The outcome of this study revealed a high prevalence of SUI in female COPD patients. Cigarette smoking, as the major contributing factor, revealed a strong statistical correlation between COPD and SUI.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression and its risk factors among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a tertiary level hospital in West Bengal, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Kalyan Bhowmik ◽  
Moniruzzaman . ◽  
Anjan Adhikari ◽  
Shahnaz Choudhury ◽  
MSA Mansur Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pulmonary Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

In recent years, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has increased several folds in the developing coun-tries and the disease is accompanied with several co-morbidities among which depression is a major one. Still now there is a lack of data regarding the prevalence and risk factors of depression among the patients with COPD in In-dia. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of depression and associated risk factors in patients with COPD in Kolkata, India. In this cross-sectional study, 214 COPD patients were selected by purposive sampling at OPD of Pulmonary Medicine, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India. The patients were diagnosed and grouped into dif-ferent stages of COPD by clinical examination and spirometry. A questionnaire was administered among the respon-dents to collect the data regarding their socio-demographic conditions followed by Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) to measure the level of depression. The mean age of the respondents was 59.37±11.37 years and 99% were male. The proportion of depression among patients with COPD was 86%. Among the respondents, 36.9% had mod-erately severe depression, 32.2% had moderate depression and 6.1% had severe depression. The risk factors of de-pression among COPD patients were urban residence (OR=4.79, p=0.02), income group of 5000-9999 Rupees per month (OR=18, p=0.38), teetotalers (OR=8.36, p=0.02), Stage 2 COPD (OR= 83, p=0.001) and onset of COPD ?70 years of age (OR=20, p=0.02). The study showed that more than 8 out of 10 COPD patients and it can be considered very high proportion. The study highlight the importance of routine screening for depression of all COPD patients in all healthcare settings and implementation of effective strategies for proper prevention and management of depres-sion in those patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15942 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 34-40

scholarly journals Correlations between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, blood eosinophils and clinical characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Florica Chis ◽  
Carmen Monica Pop
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Bode Index ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Blood Eosinophils

Background and aims. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide, with increasing mortality and morbidity. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and blood eosinophils level (EOS) represent  biomarkers of inflammation in various diseases, with current research in the field of COPD. The aim of this study was to determine correlations of NLR and EOS with certain characteristics of COPD in a group of patients without major comorbidities. Methods. We conducted an observational study on COPD patients admitted to the Clinical Hospital of Pneumology in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The smoking history, body mass index (BMI), NLR, EOS, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) were determined. Functional assessment consisted of spirometric and BODE index determinations. The duration of hospitalization was expressed as the length of stay (LOS). The patients were divided into 3 subgroups: active smokers (AS), former smokers (FS) and never smokers (NS). Results. No significant differences between AS and FS were found when age, airway obstruction, BODE index, PaO2, ESR and CRP were considered. The NLR was higher in AS versus FS (p=0.035), while EOS was lower in AS group (p=0.061). COPD patients with ≥300EOS/μL had lower CRP, ESR levels and NLR compared to those with eosinophilia˂300/ μL (p=0.020, p=0.009 and p=0.007, respectively). With a threshold of 3.5 for NLR, patients with lower NLR had lower CRP values (p=0.05). COPD patients with higher NLR had significant lower EOS levels (p=0.018). Overall, the NLR and EOS were not correlated with the investigated characteristics (p˃0.05), but intragroup analysis (based on smoking status) revealed correlations with ESR (p=0.0001), CRP (p=0.053), BODE index (p=0.029) and LOS (p=0.042).             Conclusions. AS have higher NLR and lower EOS lelvels versus FS. COPD patients  with higher EOS level have lower CRP, ESR and NLR. In AS, EOS level is positively correlated with BODE index and negatively correlated with NLR.

scholarly journals Asthma Patients Benefit More Than Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoyan Xiong ◽  
Zhiqi Zhao ◽  
Huanhuan Lu ◽  
Yiming Ma ◽  
Huihui Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Asthma Patients

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised many questions about the role of underlying chronic diseases on disease outcomes. However, there is limited information about the effects of COVID-19 on chronic airway diseases. Therefore, we conducted the present study to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ascertain risk factors for acute exacerbations (AEs).Methods: This single-center observational study was conducted at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, involving asthma or COPD patients who had been treated with inhaled combination corticosteroids (ICSs), such as budesonide, and one long-acting beta-2-agonist (LABA), such as formoterol, for at least a year before the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted telephone interviews to collect demographic information and clinical data between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020, focusing on respiratory and systemic symptoms, as well as times of exacerbations. Data for asthma and COPD were then compared, and the risk factors for AEs were identified using logistic regression analysis.Results: A total of 251 patients were enrolled, comprising 162 (64.5%) who had asthma and 89 who had COPD, with none having COPD/asthma overlap. Frequency of AEs among asthma patients was significantly lower in 2020 than in 2019 (0.82 ± 3.33 vs. 1.00 ± 3.16; P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, these patients visited the clinic less (0.37 ± 0.93 vs. 0.49 ± 0.94; P &lt; 0.05) and used emergency drugs less (0.01 ± 0.11 vs. 007 ± 0.38; P &lt; 0.05) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, among COPD patients, there were no significant differences in AE frequency, clinic visits, or emergency drug use. Furthermore, asthma patients visited clinics less frequently during the pandemic than those with COPD. Logistic regression analysis also showed that a history of at least one AE within the last 12 months was associated with increased AE odds for both asthma and COPD during the COVID-19 pandemic (odds ratio: 13.73, 95% CI: 7.04–26.77; P &lt; 0.01).Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with asthma showed better disease control than before, whereas patients with COPD may not have benefited from the pandemic. For both diseases, at least one AE within the previous 12 months was a risk factor for AEs during the pandemic. Particularly, among asthma patients, the risk factors for AE during the COVID-19 pandemic were urban environment, smoking, and lower asthma control test scores.

scholarly journals Molecular and clinical diseasome of comorbidities in exacerbated COPD patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Faner ◽  
Alba Gutiérrez-Sacristán ◽  
Ady Castro-Acosta ◽  
Solène Grosdidier ◽  
Wenqi Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Smoking Exposure

The frequent occurrence of comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suggests that they may share pathobiological processes and/or risk factors.To explore these possibilities we compared the clinical diseasome and the molecular diseasome of 5447 COPD patients hospitalised because of an exacerbation of the disease. The clinical diseasome is a network representation of the relationships between diseases, in which diseases are connected if they co-occur more than expected at random; in the molecular diseasome, diseases are linked if they share associated genes or interaction between proteins.The results showed that about half of the disease pairs identified in the clinical diseasome had a biological counterpart in the molecular diseasome, particularly those related to inflammation and vascular tone regulation. Interestingly, the clinical diseasome of these patients appears independent of age, cumulative smoking exposure or severity of airflow limitation.These results support the existence of shared molecular mechanisms among comorbidities in COPD.

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