Change in Cropping Pattern In Nalanda District

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Sandip Sagar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The People

Cropping pattern is a dynamic concept because it changes over space and time. The adoption of crops in any area can be understood by the physical characteristics and the socio-economic conditions of the people in the concerned area. Cropping pattern can be defined as the proportion of area under various crops at a point of time. In other words, it is a yearly sequence and spatil arrangement of sowing and fallow on a given area. In India, the cropping is determined by rainfall, climate, temperature, soil type and technology and so does in Nalanda District of Bihar.

Evaluation of Socio-Economic Conditions of Coldwater Fish Farmers: A Case Study of Sikkim

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-71
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The People

ABSTRACT The study analyses the socio-economic status, degree of income inequality and perceived socio-economic conditions of the fish farmers of the four districts of Sikkim. A total sample size of 200 fish farmers was selected from the four districts depending upon the presence of the number of farmers in each district. Purposive random sampling method was used and the results were analysed from descriptive statistics such as frequency count and percentages. The degree of income inequality was analysed through Gini coefficients. The factors that determined the perceived socio-economic living conditions were analysed with a logistic regression model. The socio-economic status of the people was found to be in good condition and there were not many variations among the fish farmers of different districts. Most of the respondents had pucca houses with the combination of firewood and LPG as a source of cooking fuel and also had access to basic amenities like electricity, drinking water and sanitation facilities in the households. The study also found that income inequality was not so severe amongst the fish farmers of the three districts except for the East district which had the strongest income inequality. The per capita income, housing condition and ratio of above primary education to total members had a significant impact on the perceived living conditions of the fish farmers. Keywords

scholarly journals Gambaran Umum, Prevalensi, dan Pencegahan Antraks pada Manusia di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Ihda Zuyina Ratna Sari ◽  
Silvia Apriliana
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Health Official ◽  
The People ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Toxin Complex ◽  
Cutaneous Anthrax ◽  
And Control

Anthrax is a neglected zoonotic disease that remains a global issue because it can cause regular epidemics. Anthrax affects not only health systems but also social-economic conditions, safety, and welfare of the people. This paper aimed to give an overview of human anthrax, prevalence, and prevention in Indonesia. A literature search was performed using search engines such as Google Scholar, Crossref, Mendeley, PLoS One, Elsevier, dan the Ministry of Health official website. The literature used were published between 2015-2020. Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis that affects animals and humans. The virulence factors of these bacteria are determined by the tripartite toxin complex and poly-γ-D-glutamic acid capsule. Anthrax in humans can be found in four forms, namely cutaneous, gastrointestinal, inhalational, and injection anthrax. Each form of anthrax can develop into meningitis and sepsis. Anthrax treatment is commonly done by administering antibiotics. In Indonesia, 14 provinces have been declared anthrax endemic areas. The prevalence of human anthrax in Indonesia is fluctuating and most of it is cutaneous anthrax. Prevention and control of anthrax can be done mainly by vaccination, obeying the rules or standard operating procedures of the authorities, multisectoral cooperation, strengthening anthrax surveillance, increasing resources for diagnosis, increasing public knowledge, and awareness.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Pasca Bencana (Studi Kasus Bencana di Sulawesi Tengah)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ahsan Samad ◽  
Erdiansyah Erdiansyah ◽  
Rina Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
Time Period ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Post Disaster

The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the impact and behavior of the community on post-disaster economic conditions in the city of Palu and to know the local government's public policies in handling these cases. Using qualitative methods with a case study approach, literature study, and secondary data processing from various social elements. In addition, data collection was carried out by interviewing informants who felt the direct impact of the earthquake, tsunami and liquefaction in Palu, Sigi and Donggala. The results showed that the post-disaster impact felt by the people of Palu City was generally in the "severe" classification. The socio-economic conditions of the people of Palu include several aspects, ranging from the geographical conditions that are in disaster-prone zones, to the extremely poor health conditions after the disaster. The conclusion of this research shows that the escalation of natural disasters in the city of Palu is considered quite large because it consists of three types of disasters, namely the Earthquake, Tsunami and Liquifation in the same time period. Palu City is the capital of the Province as well as the economic and administrative center of Central Sulawesi Province. Damage to warehousing infrastructure coupled with massive looting from unscrupulous people in logistics supply warehouses resulted in goods that were supposed to be distributed both to the city and the district finally unable to be implemented.Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan evaluasi dampak dan perilaku masyarakat terhadap kondisi perekonomian pasca bencana di kota Palu dan mengetahui kebijakan publik pemerintah setempat dalam menangani kasus tersebut. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan  studi kasus, studi literature, dan pengolahan data sekunder dari berbagai elemen sosial. Selain itu pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara wawacara kepada narasumber yang merasakan dampak langsung dari bencana gempa,tsunami dan likuifaksi di Palu,Sigi dan Donggala. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa dampak pasca bencana yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat Kota Palu secara umum berada pada klasifikasi “berat”. Kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat kota Palu meliputi beberapa aspek, mulai dari kondisi geografis yang berada pada zona rawan bencana, kondisi kesehatan sangat memprihatinkan pasca bencana. Kesimpulan penelitain ini menujukkan bahwa eskalasi bencana alam kota Palu dinilai cukup besar karena terdiri dari tiga macam bencana yaitu Gempa Bumi, Tsunami dan Liquifasi dalam kurun waktu sama. Kota Palu merupakan ibukota Provinsi sekaligus sebagai pusat ekonomi dan pemerintahan Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Rusaknya infrakstruktur pergudangan ditambah dengan adanya penjarahan yang massiv dari oknum masyarakat pada gudang-gudang suplai logistik mengakibatkan barang yang semestinya didistribusikan baik ke kota ataupun ke kabupaten akhirnya tidak dapat dilaksanakan.

scholarly journals A teleological approach to interpreting socio-economic rights in the African Charter: Appropriateness and methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneth Amin
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The People ◽  
Treaty Interpretation ◽  
African Charter ◽  
Interpretive Process

SUMMARY The incorporation of socio-economic rights in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights should be considered a vital move towards the transformation of socio-economic conditions of the people on the continent. However, the envisaged socio-economic transformation depends largely on how these rights are interpreted. It is the task of the supervisory organs of the African Charter to develop the scope and content of these rights and their related obligations through interpretation. To achieve this interpretative objective, interpretive process of the supervisory organs should be guided by an appropriate approach to interpretation that is applied coherently. This article argues that the teleological approach to treaty interpretation is an appropriate approach to interpreting socio-economic rights in the African Charter. The article develops a methodology for application of the teleological approach through which socio-economic rights in the African Charter may be effectively interpreted. Key words: socio-economic rights; African Charter; effective interpretation; teleological approach to interpretation

scholarly journals Consequences of Climate Change Impacts and Incidences of Extreme Weather Events in Relation to Crop Production in Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngawang Chhogyel ◽  
Lalit Kumar ◽  
Yadunath Bajgai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
The People ◽  
Weather Events

Being a country in the Himalayas, Bhutan is highly prone to the vagaries of weather events that affect agricultural production and the subsequent livelihood of the people. To identify the main issues that affect crop production and the decisions of farmers, a survey was conducted in three different agro-ecosystems in Bhutan. Our key findings indicate that farming and the decisions of farmers were largely affected by different climatic and non-climatic factors. These were in descending order of importance: irrigation availability > farm labour > crop seasonality > crop damage (climatic) > land holding > crop damage (wildlife) > crop damage (diseases and pests). The most important consequences of climate change impacts were the drying of irrigation sources (4.35) and crop losses due to weather events (4.10), whereas land fallowing, the occurrence of flood and soil erosion, weed pressure and changes in cropping pattern (with mean ratings of 2.53–3.03) experienced lesser consequences. The extreme weather events, such as untimely rains, drought and windstorms, were rated as the ‘most common’ to ‘common’ occurrences, thus inflicting a crop loss of 1–19%. These confirm our hearsay knowledge that extreme weather events have major consequences on irrigation water, which is said to be either drying or getting smaller in comparison to the past. Therefore, Bhutan must step up its on-ground farmer-support system towards improving the country’s food production, whilst embracing climate smart farm technologies for adapting to the impacts of change.

Hamlet and the People “Who Know Things”

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Uzoma Esonwanne
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Space ◽  
Pedagogical Strategy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The People ◽  
Critical Understanding

Is Shakespeare universal? Is Hamlet a “strong” text that generates the same interpretation across cultural space and time, or is it a malleable text whose meaning is contingent upon variables in the encounter between text and reader and the contexts of reading? These were the kinds of questions that my students and I addressed in several courses I taught on Shakespeare over the past four years. As one might expect, our answers differed. Here, I develop and refine the argument I made and, sometimes, made incoherently: universality, whether in a writer, a text, or in criticism “is neither natural nor self-evident.” Because part of my reason for turning to Shakespeare was my dissatisfaction with contrapuntal reading as a pedagogical strategy for cultivating a “critical understanding of imperialism” in students, I conclude that we can only achieve that goal if we deploy contrapuntal reading across the literary curriculum.

scholarly journals SECONDARY SUCCESSION IN ABANDONED CROP FALLOWS: A REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-176
Author(s):  
Hom N Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information System ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

 The succession in areas once vegetated before the disturbance to a forest as climax community is called secondary succession. Secondary succession is influenced by soil type and the vegetation that invades the community. During the literature survey we found that the cropping areas are abandoned in different parts of the world and the fallows left are under secondary succession. There the socio-economy of the people has been found to affect the succession. Species diversity, species richness, rate of replacement and the soil type etc. have been studied by succession researchers. Succession study has also been carried out by using the tools like remote sensing, geographical information system etc.International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 166-176

‘Psychological’ Constructs and ‘Psychological’ Symptoms in Schizophrenia

1972 ◽  
Vol 120 (555) ◽  
pp. 197-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
The People

The constructs (Kelly, 1955) which individuals use when describing other people may be classified as ‘psychological’, i.e. those referring to the personality and emotional state of the people, or as ‘objective’, i.e. those referring to their physical characteristics, social class, clothing etc.

scholarly journals Effect of afforestation of agricultural soils and tree species composition on soil physical characteristics changes

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vopravil ◽  
Vilém Podrázský ◽  
Tomáš Khel ◽  
Ondřej Holubík ◽  
Stanislav Vacek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Type A ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Soil Physical Characteristics

AbstractThis paper deals with the evaluation of the effect of afforestation of previously arable land to soil characteristics changes. One of the main aims was to evaluate the effects of each forest species on the soil structure quality after afforestation. Soil samples were taken at two climatically distinct subregions within the Czech Republic. Based on the different site conditions, two study sites were chosen at each locality for a total of four research sites. Detailed soil survey and basic forest stand inventories were conducted at all four sites. The first locality was established in the Rychnov nad Kněžnou district in the Protected Landscape Area of the Orlické mountains (soil type a Haplic Cambisol). The second locality was established in the Prague-East district (soil type a Haplic Cambisol and a Haplic Stagnosol). Afforestation had a positive influence on the soil physical characteristics which are important for the maintenance of soil stability. Forest cover has a major influence on increasing the soil porosity, by decreasing the reduced bulk density and increasing capillary and gravitational pores, which is crucial. Afforestation was also found to be positively related to increases in soil organic matter content in different forms, both stable and unstable, and tendency of considerable soil organic matter accumulation not only in the layer of surface humus but also in the entire soil profiles of the research sites. The main contributor to soil improvement after afforestation is the formation of stable soil aggregates. This is typical also for spruce and pine cover.

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