Contemporary Resistance Status of Anopheles Stephensi against Insecticides in District Dungarpur, Rajasthan, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (03) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Sarmad Moin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Vector Control Program ◽  
Susceptibility Study ◽  
Ecological Methods

Pyrethroids are powerful insecticides used in the vector control program with impregnated mesh, and residual indoor sprays. However, resistance to insecticide reduces the effectiveness. The present susceptibility study carried out against theAnopheles Stephensi to monitor the sensitivity conditions of An. Stephensi vector, which raises the need to understand the state of vector resistance in the Dungarpur region of Rajasthan, India in order to better report vector-based interventions. The sensitivity study was carried out by the WHO standard method using recommended diagnostic doses of DDT, alpha-cypermethrin, permethrin, and deltamethrin. An. Stephensi showed resistance to DDT from the entire study while sensitive to alpha-cypermethrin, permethrin, and deltamethrin. The study looks at the selection and circulation of the appropriate insecticide’s molecule for a vector control program as insecticide need constant monitoring to develop effective vector control strategies such as improving insecticide by applying integrated biological and ecological methods.

Current Situation of Malaria and Resistance of Main Vectors to WHO Recommended Insecticides in an Endemic Area, Southeastern Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrollah Saberi ◽  
Ahmad Raeisi ◽  
Mohammad Amin Gorouhi ◽  
Hassan Vatandoost ◽  
Minoo Mashayekhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Vector Control Program ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
Susceptibility Status ◽  
Local Transmission

Abstract Although malaria is endemic in some areas of southeastern Iran, following the successful national malaria elimination plan, the local transmission area has been shrunk. The main cases in Iran are due to Plasmodium vivax followed by P. falciparum. This study was aimed to determine the current situation of malaria in Kerman Province of Iran and evaluate the insecticide resistance of main vectors. The field study was conducted in 2019. Data of new malaria cases were obtained from the health centers for the period of 2009–2018. Susceptibility status of Anopheles stephensi and An. dthali was evaluated against dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, Dieldrin, Malathion, Bendiocarb, Deltamethrin, and Temephos at the diagnostic dose. A total of 522 malaria cases were recorded and divided into indigenous (33.14%) and imported (66.86%) categories. The highest incidence of the disease was reported from the southern areas of the province, where all indigenous cases occurred. Adults of An. stephensi were resistant to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane while its resistance to be confirmed to dieldrin, bendiocarb and deltamethrin. As An. dthali had less than 98% mortality against bendiocarb, the resistance status should be confirmed with more tests. Our findings showed both species had less than 98% mortality against bendiocarb and deltamethrin insecticides which are used in malaria vector control program in Iran. Due to the susceptibility of these vectors to temephos, larviciding can be advised for vector control in this area.

scholarly journals Susceptibility Status of a Recently Introduced Population of Aedes albopictus to Insecticides Used by the Vector Control Program in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
Y. Contreras-Perera ◽  
G. Gonzá lez-Olvera ◽  
A. Che-Mendoza ◽  
P. Mis-Avila ◽  
J. Palacio-Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Vector Control Program ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Invasive Mosquito ◽  
Established Population

ABSTRACT In recent years, Aedes albopictus has become the most important invasive mosquito species worldwide. In 2018, Ae. albopictus was found in a suburban area of Merida, one of the cities with the highest number of arbovirus cases in Mexico in the last 10 years. As Ae. albopictus continues its range expansion, there is a need to monitor its susceptibility to existing insecticide classes, since countries like Mexico currently do not consider Ae. albopictus in its insecticide management programs. In order to determine its susceptibility to the insecticides usually applied by the vector control program in Mexico, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassays were performed on individuals from established population of Ae. albopictus from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Results suggested that the population recently found in the suburban area of Merida is susceptible to permethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, malathion, bendiocarb, and propoxur. Further studies of insecticide resistance using biochemical and molecular tools together with more knowledge of the biology and ecology of this species are necessary to generate specific and efficient control strategies in Mexico.

scholarly journals Assessment of Aedes aegypti Pupal Productivity during the Dengue Vector Control Program in a Costal Urban Centre of São Paulo State, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marylene de Brito Arduino
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Large City ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Dengue Vector ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Vector Control Program ◽  
Productivity Indices ◽  
Dengue Vector Control

The control of dengue relies on the elimination of vector breeding sites. This study identified the container categories most productive for A. aegypti within the framework of the São Paulo dengue vector control program (DVCP) in São Sebastião, a large city located on the state’s coast where dengue cases have occurred since 2001. Containers were inspected monthly for the occurrence of mosquito immature stages during two consecutive vector-breeding seasons in 2002–2004. Containers were classified by their material, use, and fixed or removable status. Pupal productivity differed significantly among container types, items made of metal and plastic, and boats being those with the highest relative contribution. Significant correlations between traditional indices of A. aegypti abundance (Container Index, House Index, and Breteau Index) and pupal productivity/demographic indices (Pupae/Container, Pupae/House, Pupae/ha, and Pupae/Person) ranged 0.56–0.65; correlations were not statistically significant for any combination involving the Pupae/Container index. The assessment of pupal productivity indices could be incorporated into the DVCP without any additional operational onus, allowing vector control managers to determine appropriate control actions targeting the most productive containers and sites. Further studies are needed to assess whether pupal productivity indices may be used as epidemiological indicators of risk of dengue transmission.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Large-Scale Chagas Disease Vector Control Program in Nicaragua by Residual Insecticide Spraying Against Triatoma dimidiata

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Yoshioka ◽  
Jiro Nakamura ◽  
Lenin Pérez ◽  
Yuichiro Tabaru ◽  
Doribel Tercero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Vector Control Program

scholarly journals Efficacy of Area-Wide Inoculum Reduction and Vector Control on Temporal Progress of Huanglongbing in Young Sweet Orange Plantings

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato B. Bassanezi ◽  
Luiz H. Montesino ◽  
Nelson Gimenes-Fernandes ◽  
Pedro T. Yamamoto ◽  
Tim R. Gottwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Local Vector ◽  
Temporal Progress

Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ spp. and transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (ACP), is an important threat to citrus industries worldwide, causing significant yield loss. The current recommended strategies to manage HLB are to eliminate HLB-symptomatic trees to reduce sources of bacterial inoculum and to apply insecticides to reduce psyllid vector populations. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and the importance of both strategies applied within young citrus plots (local management), in different frequencies and combinations, on HLB temporal progress. Two factorial field experiments, E1 and E2, were initiated in a new plantation of sweet orange in an HLB epidemic region of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in October 2005 and May 2006, respectively. Local inoculum reduction (tree removal) intervals for E1 were every 4, 8, and 16 weeks and, for E2, every 2, 4, 12, and 26 weeks. Local vector control strategies for E1 were no control, program A (PA), and program B (PB); and, for E2, no control and program C (PC), as follows. Psyllids were controlled with two 56-day-interval soil or drench applications of systemic insecticides concurrently with the rainy season each year and, during the rest of the year, with insecticide sprays every 28 days for PA and every 14 days for PB and PC. Regional HLB management was present for E1 and absent for E2. The beginning of the HLB epidemic was delayed for 10 months in E1 compared with appearance of the first diseased tree in E2 but wasn't affected by different local strategies in either experiment. After 60 (E1) and 53 (E2) months, the HLB incidence and progress rates were not affected by different frequencies of local inoculum reduction in either experiment, and were different only in plots with and without local vector control in E2. In E1, the disease incidence was reduced by 90% and the disease progress rate by 50% in plots both with and without vector control. These reductions were explained by smaller psyllid populations and lower frequency of bacterialiferous psyllids in E1 compared with E2. Annual productivity increased over time in E1, as expected for young plantings, but remained stable or decreased in E2. These results confirm that immigration of bacterialiferous ACP vectors plays a critical role in HLB epidemics and suggest that area-wide inoculum reduction and ACP management strongly affect HLB control.

scholarly journals Multiple Insecticide Resistance: An Impediment to Insecticide-Based Malaria Vector Control Program

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e16066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delenasaw Yewhalaw ◽  
Fantahun Wassie ◽  
Walter Steurbaut ◽  
Pieter Spanoghe ◽  
Wim Van Bortel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Vector Control Program

scholarly journals The occurrence of synanthropic triatomines in Bahia, Brazil: what changed after 40 years of the vector-control program?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar Ribeiro ◽  
Cristiane Medeiros Moraes de Carvalho ◽  
Renato Freitas de Araújo ◽  
Fernanda Cardoso Lanza ◽  
Diego Lopes Paim Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The State ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Triatomine Species ◽  
Vector Control Program

Abstract Background: This study presents a descriptive analysis of the occurrence of synanthropic triatomine species in the state of Bahia, before and after the implementation of the vector control program. Methods: Occurrence and number of collected specimens in the municipalities were analyzed in two periods: (A) 1957 to 1971, before systematic vector control actions; and (B) 2006 to 2019, after the certification of interruption of Chagas disease transmission by Triatoma infestans. Results: In total, 17 species were recorded during period A and 21 during period B. Panstrongylus megistus was the most frequent species in period A (42%), while Triatoma pseudomaculata (42%) and T. sordida (38%) were more frequent in period B. In period A, T. infestans was found in 26 (9%) municipalities, and in period B it was found in 7 (2%). During period B, most triatomines (88%) were captured at the peridomestic habitats, with a predominance of T. sordida (85%). Species with greatest relative abundance within the household were T. sordida (49%), T. brasiliensis (27%), and T. pseudomaculata (15%). Conclusions: We have observed a clear reduction in the occurrence of P. megistus and T. infestans and an increase in the relative abundance and geographical distribution of T. sordida and T. pseudomaculata after 40 years of the vector-control program. High frequency of other triatomine species in the municipalities of the state of Bahia and a great abundance of T. sordida in recent years, highlight the need to reinforce permanent entomological surveillance actions for Chagas disease.

scholarly journals First Observations of Plasmodium Malariae and Its Evolution During the Parasitological Evaluation of the Long-term Village Scale Malaria Vector Control Program in the Balombo Area of Angola

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Manguin ◽  
Vincent Foumane ◽  
Jean-Claude Toto ◽  
Franck Martinaud ◽  
Maria Adelaide Dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Medical Department ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vector Control Program

Abstract Background: A long-term village scale vector control program was implemented in eight villages around the Balombo town (Benguela Province, Angola) to compare the efficacy of four methods of vector control inside houses including long-lasting deltamethrin insecticide treated nets (PermaNet© 2.0 model or P.2.0); association of P.2.0 and deltamethrin Insecticide Treated Plastic Sheeting (ITPS)-Zero Fly© model; deltamethrin ITPS-Wall Lining model alone; and 2 rounds of lambdacyhalothrin Inside Residual Spraying followed by installation of ITPS.Methods: Cross sectional parasitological surveys (CSS) were done every two months. Thick blood films (TBF) were microscopically examined at the Medical Department of the Angolese Sonamet company in Lobito and a sample of them were double-checked in Yaoundé. Plasmodium species determination, parasitaemia and gametocytes presence, and evolution in time were analyzed.Results: A total of 190 CSS was done between 2007 and 2011, Plasmodium spp. were observed in 5,431 of the 21,804 TBF done. Plasmodium malariae alone was observed in 22 TBF (0.4%) and mixed infections P. falciparum and P. malariae in 44 TBF (0.8%).Conclusion: The very low frequency of P. malariae could explain the fact it is usually not reported in classical point prevalence surveys. Our study confirms the presence of this species in Angola, which must be known due to its special clinical impact, quartan fever, kidney failure, chronicity, symptomless carriers, persistence for several years with long term recrudescence and reported cases of resistance to classical ACTs. The prevalence of P. malariae decreased after implementation of vector control methods.

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