scholarly journals Nano CoO-Cu-MgO catalyst for vapor phase simultaneous synthesis of ortho-chloroaniline and γ-butyrolactone from ortho-cholonitrobenzne and 1,4-butanediol

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Prasad Reddy Kannapu 1,2,3 ◽  
Young-Woong Suh2,3 ◽  
Veeralakshmi Vaddeboina 1 ◽  
Anand Narani 1 ◽  
David Raju Burri 1 ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Hydrogenation Reaction ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Coupling Process ◽  
Hydrogen Consumption ◽  
Simultaneous Synthesis ◽  
Co Precipitation

Aiming at developing an efficient catalysts for simultanoius hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene to o-chloroaniline and 1,4-butanediol dehydrogenation to  γ-butyrolactone. A series of CoO-Cu-MgO catalysts, composed of 10 wt% of copper, various amount of cobalt loadings (1, 5 and 10 wt%) and remaining of MgO were developed by co-precipitation followed by thermal treatment. o-Chloroaniline and γ-butyrolactone were the main products with high yield of 85% and 90%, respectively. The advantage of the coupling process is that the hydrogenation reaction was conducted without external hydrogen, indicating minimise the hydrogen consumption which is also known as hydrogen economy route. From N2O characterization results, the high activtiy of 5CoO-10Cu-MgO was found to have high amount of Cu species (Cu0/Cu+1) species and govern the stable activity and selectivity on time on stream study in presence of cobalt in Cu-MgO.

scholarly journals Nano CoO-Cu-MgO catalyst for vapor phase simultaneous synthesis of ortho-chloroaniline and γ-butyrolactone from ortho-cholonitrobenzne and 1,4-butanediol

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hari Prasad Reddy Kannapu ◽  
Young-Woong Suh ◽  
Veeralakshmi Vaddeboina ◽  
Anand Narani ◽  
David Raju Burri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Hydrogenation Reaction ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Coupling Process ◽  
Hydrogen Consumption ◽  
Simultaneous Synthesis ◽  
Co Precipitation

The article aims at developing an efficient and stable catalysts for simultaneous hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene to o-chloroaniline and 1,4-butanediol dehydrogenation to γ-butyrolactone. A series of CoO-Cu-MgO catalysts, composed of 10 wt% of copper, various amount of cobalt loadings (1, 5 and 10 wt%) and remaining of MgO were developed by co-precipitation followed by thermal treatment. o-Chloroaniline and γ-butyrolactone were the main products with high yield of 85% and 90%, respectively. The advantage of the coupling process is that the hydrogenation reaction was conducted without external hydrogen, demonstrating minimize the hydrogen consumption known as hydrogen economy route. From N2O characterization results, the high activity of 5CoO-10Cu-MgO was found that it has high amount of Cu species (Cu0/Cu+1) which govern the stable activity and selectivity on time on stream study in presence of cobalt in Cu-MgO.

Facile synthesis of ultrathin and perpendicular NiMn2O4 nanosheets on reduced graphene oxide as advanced electrodes for supercapacitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1714-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Li ◽  
Hongli Hu ◽  
Shujiang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Storage Performance ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Electrodes For Supercapacitors

A NiMn2O4 NSs@rGO nanocomposite was successfully fabricated through a facile co-precipitation and thermal treatment process, which exhibits enhanced energy storage performance.

Reproducible Synthesis of C60@SWNT in 90% Yields

2001 ◽  
Vol 706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Smith ◽  
Richard M. Russo ◽  
S.B. Chikkannanavar ◽  
Ferenc Stercel ◽  
David E. Luzzi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
High Yield ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Vapor Phase Transport ◽  
Single Tube ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Phase Transport

AbstractIn previous works, we have shown our discovery of C60@SWNT and first described the general mechanism of filling, which involves the vapor phase transport of C60 molecules to openings in the SWNTs' walls. Here, we discuss the high-yield synthesis of C60@SWNT by refinements to our method. Yields are measured by a calibrated weight uptake technique, a methodology that is not subject to many of the potential pitfalls inherent to other techniques that have been applied. At certain processing conditions, yields exceeding 90% were obtained and corroborated by transmission electron microscopy. From our data, we determine the parameters most important for creating endohedral SWNT supramolecular assemblies by the vapor phase method. Our results pave the way for successful single-tube measurements and for high-yield filling with non-fullerenes.

Effects of Thermal Treatment on the Structure of Eu:YAG Nanopowder

2007 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Saladino ◽  
Eugenio Caponetti ◽  
Stefano Enzo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Garnet Phase ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Co Precipitation

Eu:YAG nanopowder precursors were obtained by co-precipitation of aluminium, yttrium and europium nitrates solution with ammonia. The hydroxides precursors were calcined at different temperatures from 900 to 1200°C as a function of holding time (1, 2 and 6 hours). The presence of Eu3+ ions in the matrix was confirmed by Energy Dispersive X-rays analysis. X-Ray Diffraction investigation by the Rietveld method shows that the sample treated at 900°C for 1 hour is essentially the garnet phase with the minor presence of hexagonal and monoclinic metastable phases. The Eu3+ ions are incorporated into the garnet phase, as is suggested by the lattice parameter value being larger than that in literature data (homogeneous strain). For the sample treated at 900°C for 1 hour, electron microscopy observations showed agglomerates of spherical particles of mean size about 50 nm. At higher temperature treatments and for longer holding times the minority hexagonal and monoclinic phases totally disappeared. However, the lattice parameters of the cubic garnet phase gradually decreased with temperature, suggesting an expulsion of Eu3+ ions from the solid solution. Simultaneous with this, it was noted that the lattice strain reached a maximum value, but to later decrease, due to the vacancies created by the Eu species initially migrating to the surface of the coherent domains of diffraction. The lattice strain definitely decreased upon more drastic thermal treatments. Meanwhile, FEG-SEM and TEM observations on the same samples confirmed the growth of the garnet particles as a function of the thermal treatment.

scholarly journals A universal method for high-quality RNA extraction from plant tissues rich in starch, proteins and fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaranatha R. Vennapusa ◽  
Impa M. Somayanda ◽  
Colleen J. Doherty ◽  
S. V. Krishna Jagadish
Keyword(s):  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Extraction Buffer ◽  
Co Precipitation

Abstract Using existing protocols, RNA extracted from seeds rich in starch often results in poor quality RNA, making it inappropriate for downstream applications. Though some methods are proposed for extracting RNA from plant tissue rich in starch and other polysaccharides, they invariably yield less and poor quality RNA. In order to obtain high yield and quality RNA from seeds and other plant tissues including roots a modified SDS-LiCl method was compared with existing methods, including TRIZOL kit (Invitrogen), Plant RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen), Furtado (2014) method, and CTAB-LiCl method. Modifications in the extraction buffer and solutions used for RNA precipitation resulted in a robust method for extracting RNA in seeds and roots, where extracting quality RNA is challenging. The modified SDS-LiCl method revealed intense RNA bands through gel electrophoresis and a nanodrop spectrophotometer detected ratios of ≥ 2 and 1.8 for A260/A230 and A260/A280, respectively. The absence of starch co-precipitation during RNA extraction resulted in enhanced yield and quality of RNA with RIN values of 7–9, quantified using a bioanalyzer. The high-quality RNA obtained was demonstrated to be suitable for downstream applications, such as cDNA synthesis, gene amplification, and RT-qPCR. The method was also effective in extracting RNA from seeds of other cereals including field-grown sorghum and corn. The modified SDS-LiCl method is a robust and highly reproducible RNA extraction method for plant tissues rich in starch and other secondary metabolites. The modified SDS-LiCl method successfully extracted high yield and quality RNA from mature, developing, and germinated seeds, leaves, and roots exposed to different abiotic stresses.

Improved Preparation of 5,6-Dialkoxy-1,1-dimethylindenes, Precocene Analogues Lacking the Pyranyl Oxygen Atom [1]

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1801-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Camps ◽  
J. Coll ◽  
O. Colomina ◽  
A . Messeguer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Atom ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dimeric Compound

The use of methanesulfonic acid as solvent and catalyst in the cyclocondensation of 1,2-dialkoxybenzenes with 3-methylbut-2-enoyl chloride to afford indanones 3, thus allowing the preparation of indenes 4 with improved overall yields, is reported. Additionally, structure of dimeric compound 7 a, formed in high yield by thermal treatment of 4a has been determined by com bination of spectroscopic means and selective deuterations.

Soil Remediation – Mercury Speciation in Soil and Vapor Phase During Thermal Treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Taube ◽  
L. Pommer ◽  
T. Larsson ◽  
A. Shchukarev ◽  
A. Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Soil Remediation ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Mercury Speciation

Innovative Synthesis Methods of Mixed Actinides Compounds with Control of the Composition Homogeneity at a Molecular or Nanometric Scale

2005 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Grandjean ◽  
Chapelet-Arab Bénédicte ◽  
Lemonnier Stéphane ◽  
Robisson Anne-Charlotte ◽  
Vigier Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Oxalate Precursor ◽  
Fuel Cycles ◽  
Tetravalent Actinide ◽  
Sol Gel Transition ◽  
Co Precipitation

AbstractActinides contained in the used nuclear fuel need to be managed in the future fuel cycles for the sustainability of this source of energy. The major ones such as uranium or plutonium are very valuable for energy production within a new fuel. The minor ones such as neptunium, americium or curium are responsible for the long-term radiotoxicity of the ultimate waste if not separated and transmuted within new fuels or dedicated targets. Whatever the choice of management in the present or future, innovative synthesis methods are studied in many research institutions to elaborate new actinides based materials.Innovative concepts for future fuels or transmutation targets focus on mixed actinides or mixed actinide-inert element materials. For their synthesis, wet methods fulfill very useful requirements such as flexibility, compatibility with a hydrometallurgical fuel processing, less dissemination of radioactive dusts during processing, and above all a better accessibility to very homogeneous compounds and interesting nanostructures. When dealing with plutonium or minor actinides, this last characteristic is of great importance in order to avoid the so-called “hot spots” and to limit macroscopic defects in the fuel material.In this communication, experimental results are given to illustrate interesting achievements to control the composition or the structure of mixed actinides compounds at a molecular or at a nanometric scale using co-precipitating techniques or sol-gel methods.The first illustration describes the flexibility of the oxalate ligand to modulate the nanostructure of actinides-based solid precursors and obtain mixed actinides oxide following a thermal treatment of the oxalate precursor. New mixed oxalate structures which present original features such as accepting in the same crystallographic site either a tetravalent actinide or a trivalent one are noticeably detailed. Monocharged cations equilibrate the charge in the 3D structure depending on the molar ratio of trivalent to tetravalent actinides. These oxalate compounds are particularly suitable precursors of oxide solid solutions for various actinides systems.The second illustration deals with the control of inorganic condensation reactions of tri- and tetravalent cations in solution by using suitable ligands with a view to obtaining homogeneous oxy-hydroxyde mixtures. The results obtained using Zr(IV), Y(III) and Am(III) or Nd(III) are quite original: a very stable colloidal sol is obtained at pH 5-6 and a nanostructured mixed oxy-hydroxide phase is formed by adapting the sol-gel transition conditions. The initial interactions between the oxy-hydroxide Zr nanoparticles, the ligand and the trivalent cations at a nanometric scale in the sol give access, after gel formation and thermal treatment, to a crystallized phase (Am-bearing cubic Y-stabilized Zirconia) at comparatively low temperatures.In both cases, the simultaneous co-precipitation or co-gelation of the involved actinides remains a challenge because of the specific properties of each actinide, properties which moreover differ according to various possible oxidation states.

Crystalline phase of inorganic montmorillonite/poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites: influence of dispersion of nanolayers

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Fu ◽  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
Xiang Shi ◽  
Xianghai Ran
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Polar Phase ◽  
Solution Casting ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Solution Casting Method ◽  
Co Precipitation

Abstract Inorganic montmorillonite (MMT)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites were prepared by two methods: co-precipitation and solution casting. The effect of preparation methods and thermal treatment on crystalline phase was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry tests. The isothermal crystallization process was observed with polarized optical microscopy. It was found that the solution-casting method was more effective than the co-precipitation method in inducing the polar phase in the melt-isothermal crystallization process. The addition of inorganic MMT by the solution-casting method without further thermal treatment promoted the β-phase crystallization. The inorganic MMT significantly improved the γ phase of the solution-cast samples in the melt-recrystallization process. The degree of dispersion of inorganic MMT influenced the relative content of the polar phase and the crystallinity of the samples in the same crystallization conditions, i.e. the preparation method and the thermal treatment. The effect of dispersion on crystallization kinetics was also studied to verify the enhancement of finely dispersed nanolayer clusters on the γ phase.

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