Evaluación de Terapias Acústicas en Pacientes con Acúfeno: Análisis de Conectividad en Potenciales Relacionados a Eventos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
A. Álvarez-Terríquez
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brain Electrical Activity ◽  
Tinnitus Retraining Therapy ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Graph Metrics ◽  
Retraining Therapy ◽  
Feature Values ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

The application of acoustic therapies in the treatment of patients with tinnitus is increasingly common. The main objective of these therapies is to restore the behavior of the brain pathways and structures involved in the sense of hearing to their normal condition. Brain electrical activity (EEG) is analyzed as it is one of many tools that have been used to study the underlying mechanisms of tinnitus. In this work, some characteristics that allow the detection of changes in brain connectivity 8 weeks after starting therapy in some acoustic therapies are presented. The auditory discrimination therapy or ADT, not only presented changes in the brain connectivity of the subjects who received it, but also the graph metrics used as feature values to measure this connectivity were close to the values ​​presented in the control subjects. In the other hand, the tinnitus retraining therapy TRT, also presented changes in brain connectivity; however, the graph metrics used as feature values to measure this connectivity were not close to the values presented in the control subjects.

Assessment of Graph Metrics and Lateralization of Brain Connectivity in Progression of Alzheimer's Disease Using fMRI

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhuvaneshwari Bhaskaran ◽  
Kavitha Anandan
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Graph Metrics ◽  
Functional Topology ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder which has a long preclinical phase. The beta-amyloid plaques and tangles in the brain are considered as the main pathological causes. Functional connectivity is typically examined in capturing brain network dynamics in AD. A definitive underconnectivity is observed in patients through the progressive stages of AD. Graph theoretic modeling approaches have been effective in understanding the brain dynamics. In this article, the brain connectivity patterns and the functional topology through the progression of Alzheimer's disease are analysed using resting state fMRI. The altered network topology is analysed by graphed theoretical measures and explains cognitive deficits caused by the progression of this disease. Results show that the functional topology is disrupted in the default mode network regions as the disease progresses in patients. Further, it is observed that there is a lack of left lateralization involving default mode network regions as the severity in AD increases.

scholarly journals A covariate-constraint method to map brain feature space into lower dimensional manifolds

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Félix Renard ◽  
Christian Heinrich ◽  
Marine Bouthillon ◽  
Maleka Schenck ◽  
Francis Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Graph Metrics ◽  
Brain Connectome ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Population Comparison ◽  
Constraint Method ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

Human brain connectome studies aim at both exploring healthy brains, and extracting and analyzing relevant features associated to pathologies of interest. Usually this consists in modeling the brain connectome as a graph and in using graph metrics as features. A fine brain description requires graph metrics computation at the node level. Given the relatively reduced number of patients in standard cohorts, such data analysis problems fall in the high-dimension low sample size framework. In this context, our goal is to provide a machine learning technique that exhibits flexibility, gives the investigator grip on the features and covariates, allows visualization and exploration, and yields insight into the data and the biological phenomena at stake. The retained approach is dimension reduction in a manifold1 learning methodology, the originality lying in that one (or several) reduced variables be chosen by the investigator. The proposed method is illustrated on two studies, the first one addressing comatose patients, the second one addressing young versus elderly population comparison. The method sheds light on the differences between brain connectivity graphs using graph metrics and potential clinical interpretations of theses differences.

scholarly journals Lessons from behavioral lateralization in olfaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Cavelius ◽  
Théo Brunel ◽  
Anne Didier
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brain Lateralization ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
The Brain

AbstractSensory information, sampled by sensory organs positioned on each side of the body may play a crucial role in organizing brain lateralization. This question is of particular interest with regard to the growing evidence of alteration in lateralization in several psychiatric conditions. In this context, the olfactory system, an ancient, mostly ipsilateral and well-conserved system across phylogeny may prove an interesting model system to understand the behavioral significance of brain lateralization. Here, we focused on behavioral data in vertebrates and non-vertebrates, suggesting that the two hemispheres of the brain differentially processed olfactory cues to achieve diverse sensory operations, such as detection, discrimination, identification of behavioral valuable cues or learning. These include reports across different species on best performances with one nostril or the other or odorant active sampling by one nostril or the other, depending on odorants or contexts. In some species, hints from peripheral anatomical or functional asymmetry were proposed to explain these asymmetries in behavior. Instigations of brain activation or more rarely of brain connectivity evoked by odorants revealed a complex picture with regards to asymmetric patterns which is discussed with respect to behavioral data. Along the steps of the discussed literature, we propose avenues for future research.

Celebrating a Decade of Evaluation and Treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Gold ◽  
Craig Formby ◽  
William C. Gray
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Tinnitus Retraining Therapy ◽  
Auditory Periphery ◽  
University Of Maryland ◽  
Crucial Feature ◽  
Sound Therapy ◽  
Retraining Therapy ◽  
The University ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Facility Staff

The University of Maryland Tinnitus & Hyperacusis Center in Baltimore was the first center in the United States dedicated to the evaluation and treatment of tinnitus and hyperacusis patients implementing an habituation-based protocol that has become known internationally as Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT). A crucial feature of the model is the postulate that a number of systems in the brain are involved in the emergence of tinnitus. The cochlea and auditory periphery play only a secondary role. To facilitate the goal of habituation of the tinnitus signal, TRT implements both directive counseling to neutralize the negative emotional associations toward the tinnitus, and sound therapy to interfere with the signal. As an outgrowth of the work with tinnitus, the evaluation and treatment of hyperacusis has emerged as an increasingly important part of our program. This report describes the unique facility, staff, and services of the Center as we celebrate a decade of research and clinical management dedicated to the scientific understanding of tinnitus and hyperacusis.

scholarly journals Long-Term Results of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy in Patients Who Failed to Complete the Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ruggero Lapenna ◽  
Egisto Molini ◽  
Laura Cipriani ◽  
Maria Rita Del Zompo ◽  
Giorgia Giommetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telephone Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Tinnitus Retraining Therapy ◽  
Retraining Therapy ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
Analogue Scales

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the results of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) in patients who did not complete the program. Methods: We divided 90 patients who failed to complete the TRT program were into 3 groups: 36 patients who only completed the first phase of the TRT program (Missing group; M), 34 patients who attended counselling for less than 6 months (Noncompliant group; NC) and 20 patients who attended counselling for more than 6 months but did not complete the TRT program (Compliant group; C). The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), tinnitus Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) and a questionnaire regarding the reasons for dropout were obtained through a telephone survey. Results: Telephonic THI and VAS scores were significantly lower than the initial scores in the M and C groups but not in the NC group. Patients who were unsure about the effectiveness of TRT were prevalent in the NC group, and the poorest long-term THI results were registered in those patients. Conclusions: A fundamental cause of very poor TRT results was when patients were unsure about TRT. On the other hand, a single counselling session could be effective in reducing tinnitus annoyance in patients who accepted the TRT approach and trusted its efficacy.

scholarly journals Brain connectivity changes in patients with working memory impairments with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.F. Fokin ◽  
N.V. Ponomareva ◽  
M.V. Krotenkova ◽  
R.B. Medvedev ◽  
O.V. Lagoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
The Brain

One of the methods of assessment of cognitive functions in patients with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease — CICD (dyscirculatory encephalopathy) implies studying connectivity of neural networks through the analysis of rest functional magnetic resonance imaging (rest fMRI) data. The main objective of this study was to assess the relationship between working memory (WM) characteristics and connectivity of various parts of the brain in patients diagnosed with CICD. The study involved 22 female CICD patients; they were divided into two groups, one with satisfactory level of WM and the other with compromised WM. We assessed intra-brain connectivity with the help of rest fMRI, using the SPM-12 and CONN18b software applications in Matlab platform. The other aspects evaluated were the gray to white matter ratio and the association of this indicator with WM. Significant differences in the intra-brain connectivity were registered in both the satisfactory WM group and the compromised WM group. The brain parts where those differences were found are left parahippocampal area and right supramarginal gyrus; right cerebellar hemisphere and left parietal, as well as left frontal areas; right cingular and left lingual gyri. In addition, we detected significant differences in the ratio in the gray and white matter volumes in both groups (p = 0.007). The results obtained indicate that memory deterioration in CICD patients is concomitant with deteriorating connectivity between the cortical areas, as well as between cerebellum and cortex, which may be associated with a more significant loss of the white matter.

Fit Vs Faint: Assessing Work Causation in “Idiopathic Fall” Cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Lorne Direnfeld ◽  
David B. Torrey ◽  
Jim Black ◽  
LuAnn Haley ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Brain Electrical Activity ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Medical Causation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Current Science

Abstract When an individual falls due to a nonwork-related episode of dizziness, hits their head and sustains injury, do workers’ compensation laws consider such injuries to be compensable? Bearing in mind that each state makes its own laws, the answer depends on what caused the loss of consciousness, and the second asks specifically what happened in the fall that caused the injury? The first question speaks to medical causation, which applies scientific analysis to determine the cause of the problem. The second question addresses legal causation: Under what factual circumstances are injuries of this type potentially covered under the law? Much nuance attends this analysis. The authors discuss idiopathic falls, which in this context means “unique to the individual” as opposed to “of unknown cause,” which is the familiar medical terminology. The article presents three detailed case studies that describe falls that had their genesis in episodes of loss of consciousness, followed by analyses by lawyer or judge authors who address the issue of compensability, including three scenarios from Arizona, California, and Pennsylvania. A medical (scientific) analysis must be thorough and must determine the facts regarding the fall and what occurred: Was the fall due to a fit (eg, a seizure with loss of consciousness attributable to anormal brain electrical activity) or a faint (eg, loss of consciousness attributable to a decrease in blood flow to the brain? The evaluator should be able to fully explain the basis for the conclusions, including references to current science.

Tinnitus Retraining Therapy

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel J. Jastreboff ◽  
Jonathan W. P. Hazell
Keyword(s):  
Tinnitus Retraining Therapy ◽  
Retraining Therapy

MICROCHEMICAL ASSAYS OF GLUCOSE AND GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE IN MAMMALIAN PANCREATIC β-CELLS

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Ake Idahl ◽  
Bo Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Exocrine Pancreas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wide Concentration Range ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Enzymatic Cycling ◽  
Glucose Diffusion ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The combination of enzymatic cycling and fluorometry was used for measuring glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in pancreatic β-cells from obese-hyperglycaemic mice. The glucose level of the β-cells corresponded to that of serum over a wide concentration range. In the exocrine pancreas, on the other hand, a significant barrier to glucose diffusion across the cell membranes was demonstrated. During 5 min of ischaemia, the glucose level remained practically unchanged in the β-cells while it increased in the liver and decreased in the brain. The observation that the pancreatic β-cells are characterized by a relatively low ratio of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose may be attributed to the presence of a specific glucose-6-phosphatase.

Minocycline inhibits mTOR signaling activation and alleviates behavioral deficits in the Wistar rats with acute ischemia stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyuan Wang ◽  
Chuanling Wang ◽  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Zhiyou Cai
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Signaling Activation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Minocycline Therapy

Background: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been evidenced as a multimodal therapy in the path-ophysiological process of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the pathway that minocycline targets mTOR signaling is not fully defined in the AIS pathogenesis. This study is to aim at the effects of minocycline on the mTOR signaling in the AIS process and further discover the underlying mechanisms of minocycline involved in the following change of mTOR signaling-autophagy. Methods: Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) rat animal models were established with the transient suture occlusion into middle cerebral artery. Minocycline (50mg/kg) was given by intragastric administration. The Morris water maze was used to test the cognitive function of animals. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were introduced for testing the lev-els of synaptophysin and PSD-95. Western blot was conducted for investigating the levels of mTOR, p-mTOR (Ser2448), p70S6, p-p70S6 (Thr389), eEF2k, p-eEF2k (Ser366), p-eIF4B (Ser406), LC3, p62, synaptophysin and PSD-95. Results: Minocycline prevents cognitive decline of the MCAO stroke rats. Minocycline limits the expression of p-mTOR (Ser2448) and the downstream targets of mTOR [p70S6, p-p70S6 (Thr389), eEF2k, p-eEF2k (Ser366) and p-eIF4B (Ser406)] (P<0.01), while minocycline has no influence on mTOR. LC3-II abundance and the LC3-II/I ratio were upregu-lated in the hippocampus of the MCAO stroke rats by the minocycline therapy (P<0.01). p62 was downregulated in the hippocampus from the MCAO stroke rats administrated with minocycline therapy(P<0.01). The levels of SYP and PSD-95 were up-regulated in the brain of the MCAO stroke rats administrated with minocycline therapy. Conclusion: Minocycline prevents cognitive deficits via inhibiting mTOR signaling and enhancing autophagy process, and promoting the expression of pre-and postsynaptic proteins (synaptophysin and PSD-95) in the brain of the MCAO stroke rats. The potential neuroprotective role of minocycline in the process of cerebral ischemia may be related to mitigating is-chemia-induced synapse injury via inhibiting activation of mTOR signaling.

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