scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN TELESKOP UNTUK RUKYAT Al-HILAL: ANALISIS PENDAPAT MUHAMMAD BAKHIT AL-MUṬĪ’I DENGAN IBNU HAJAR AL-ḤAITAMĪ

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-354
Author(s):  
Desy Kristiane
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Lunar Calendar ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
New Moon ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

Determination of the beginning of the month on the lunar calendar is marked by the appearance of the new moon seen by the eye after sunset. To find out the appearance of the new moon it takes observation or rukyat. The scholars disagree with regard to the law on the use of assistive devices in rukyat al-hilāl, some do not allow it like Ibn Hajar al-Ḥaitamī and others allow it like Muhammad Bakhit al-Muṭī'i. The difference of opinion between al-Muṭṭ’i and Ibn Hajar al-Ḥaitamī because Muhammad Bakhῑt al-Muṭῑ’i is a scholar with Hanafi ideology, where the Hanafi school of thought is as a master of ra'yi, because he is proficient in using qiyas (analogy). While Ibn Hajar is a Shafi'i scholar whose style is a combination of ahlu ra'yi and ahlu hadith. Although their opinions differ, the stipulations of the law are the same, al-Muṭī'i allows but agrees with Ibn Hajar's reason "fear that what is seen is not the hilal" so if that reason can be eliminated then it can be understood that it can be used to use tools for rukyat al-hilal.

scholarly journals KEDUDUKAN DISSENTING OPINION DALAM PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-217
Author(s):  
Dewi Ratnasari Rustam
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
The Other ◽  
Court Ruling ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

Dissenting opinion is the difference of opinion between the Tribunal judges who handle certain a matter with other judges of the Tribunal dealing with certain cases. Dissenting opinion does not have the force of law because it cannot be the Foundation for the inception of the award. Dissenting opinion itself is an aspect of the law that need to be examined in order to prevent the formation of false opinion among the public. So, nowadays have started to formed the perception that dissenting opinion was an engineering law, instead of enforcing the rule of law but rather media that gave the opportunity for the defendant in corruption regardless of criminal trapping; but on the other hand is a form of difference of opinion and the independence of the judges as the metre is guaranteed by the provisions of the law; that the importance of dissenting opinion in the Court ruling was the judge's opinion be weighted, in an attempt of law appeal or cassation; as an indicator to determine the career judge, as an attempt to avoid the practice of corruption, Collusion and Nepotism (KKN) and the judicial mafia; as a real step towards the transparency of judicial democratization; the judiciary; and kemandiarian the judge require the freedom of speech.

scholarly journals Analisis Perbandingan Fatwa Malaysia dan Indonesia: Kajian Terhadap Isu-Isu Halal yang Terpilih

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-32
Author(s):  
Norhidayah Pauzi ◽  
Saadan Man ◽  
Syed Mohd. Jeffri Syed Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

In the determination of Islamic law, there are two main principles used namely 'al-thabit' and 'al-mutaghayyir'. With the principle of 'al-thabit' and 'al-mutaghayyir' proves that Islam is practiced at all times and circumstances as Islam accepts any changes or differences that occur in society as long as it does not violate the fundamental principles of Islam. The difference in fatwa decisions issued between Malaysia and Indonesia has caused polemic among Muslims. Hence, this article will analyze the fatwas that have been decided between Malaysia and Indonesia on certain selected halal issues. Methods of documentation and interview methods have been used to obtain authentic and authoritative data. The findings show that Malaysia is still bound by the practice of Syafii Madhhab in determining the law on halal products. In contrast to Indonesia that is open to accepting views other than the Shafii Madhhab in determining the law besides taking different uruf and maslahah in both countries. Keywords: fatwa, halal, halal standard, cross-contamination. ABSTRAK: Dalam penentuan hukum Islam, terdapat dua prinsip utama yang digunakan iaitu ‘al-thabit’ dan ‘al-mutaghayyir’. Dengan adanya prinsip ‘al-thabit’ dan ‘al-mutaghayyir’ membuktikan Islam sesuai dipraktikkan pada setiap masa dan keadaan kerana Islam menerima sebarang perubahan atau perbezaan yang berlaku dalam masyarakat selagi mana ia tidak melanggar prinsip-prinsip asas Islam. Perbezaan keputusan fatwa yang dikeluarkan di antara Malaysia dan Indonesia telah menimbulkan polemik dalam kalangan masyarakat Islam. Justeru, artikel ini akan menganalisis secara perbandingan fatwa yang telah diputuskan di antara Malaysia dan Indonesia terhadap beberapa isu halal yang terpilih. Metode dokumentasi dan metode temu bual telah digunakan untuk mendapatkan data-data yang sahih dan berautoriti. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan Malaysia masih terikat dengan pengamalan Mazhab Syafii dalam penentuan hukum terhadap produk halal. Berbeda dengan Indonesia yang terbuka dalam menerima pandangan selain Mazhab Shafii dalam menentukan hukum disamping pengambilan uruf dan maslahah yang berbeza di kedua-dua buah negara ini. Kata Kunci: fatwa, halal, piawaian halal, kontaminasi silang.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN AWAL BULAN KAMARIAH PERSPEKTIF SYAR'I DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Subaidi Subaidi
Keyword(s):  
Political Institution ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
New Moon ◽  
The Difference

The start of the month kamariyah not be done except by rukyatul hilal, either with the naked eye or with the aid of a tool, not the reckoning. Rukyatul is applicable rukyatul global (applies to all Muslims), not the new moon rukyatul applicable locally or regionally on the basis of the concept of mathla'; Is the benchmark rukyatul hilal is rukyatul ruler of Mecca, not absolute rukyatul moon. Unless the ruler of Mecca unsuccessful rukyat moon, then rukyat from another country can be used as a benchmark. Issues related technical rukyatul moon, for example, problem irtifa', should be resolved by consensus of experts to take the most correct opinion (sowab); Do not correct the notion that if rukyat contrary to the reckoning then taken was reckoning. The truth, which is still acceptable rukyat, during testimony meeting the requirements of the testimony. It takes a political institution that can unite the Muslims, it the Khilafah, the caliph's decision will be able to eliminate the difference of opinion, in accordance with the rules of fiqh "Imam Amrul yarfa'ul blunder.”

scholarly journals Analisis Perbandingan Fatwa Malaysia dan Indonesia: Kajian Terhadap Isu-Isu Halal yang Terpilih

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Norhidayah Pauzi ◽  
Saadan Man ◽  
Syed Mohd. Jeffri Syed Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

In the determination of Islamic law, there are two main principles used namely 'al-thabit' and 'al-mutaghayyir'. With the principle of 'al-thabit' and 'al-mutaghayyir' proves that Islam is practiced at all times and circumstances as Islam accepts any changes or differences that occur in society as long as it does not violate the fundamental principles of Islam. The difference in fatwa decisions issued between Malaysia and Indonesia has caused polemic among Muslims. Hence, this article will analyze the fatwas that have been decided between Malaysia and Indonesia on certain selected halal issues. Methods of documentation and interview methods have been used to obtain authentic and authoritative data. The findings show that Malaysia is still bound by the practice of Syafii Madhhab in determining the law on halal products. In contrast to Indonesia that is open to accepting views other than the Shafii Madhhab in determining the law besides taking different uruf and maslahah in both countries. ABSTRAK Dalam penentuan hukum Islam, terdapat dua prinsip utama yang digunakan iaitu ‘al-thabit’ dan ‘al-mutaghayyir’. Dengan adanya prinsip ‘al-thabit’ dan ‘al-mutaghayyir’ membuktikan Islam sesuai dipraktikkan pada setiap masa dan keadaan kerana Islam menerima sebarang perubahan atau perbezaan yang berlaku dalam masyarakat selagi mana ia tidak melanggar prinsip-prinsip asas Islam. Perbezaan keputusan fatwa yang dikeluarkan di antara Malaysia dan Indonesia telah menimbulkan polemik dalam kalangan masyarakat Islam. Justeru, artikel ini akan menganalisis secara perbandingan fatwa yang telah diputuskan di antara Malaysia dan Indonesia terhadap beberapa isu halal yang terpilih. Metode dokumentasi dan metode temu bual telah digunakan untuk mendapatkan data-data yang sahih dan berautoriti. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan Malaysia masih terikat dengan pengamalan Mazhab Syafii dalam penentuan hukum terhadap produk halal. Berbeda dengan Indonesia yang terbuka dalam menerima pandangan selain Mazhab Shafii dalam menentukan hukum disamping pengambilan uruf dan maslahah yang berbeza di kedua-dua buah negara ini.

XXIII. On the annual variations of some of the principal fixed stars

1825 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 510-512
Keyword(s):  
Usual Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Astronomical Observation ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Astronomical Refraction ◽  
Contrary Direction

Whenever any difference of opinion exists on philosophical subjects depending on experiment or observation, it is much more useful simply to state facts, than to reason on them prematurely. Having this principle in view, I am induced to transmit to the Society the annexed small Table, which contains the annual variations of some of the fixed stars, as deduced both from Dr. Brinkley's observations and my own, and by which each may be compared with the annual variations determined by very distant observations, according to the more usual method. Of sixteen stars south of the zenith, observed at Dublin, it will be seen, by the table, that thirteen of them either indicate, or at least are not inconsistent with that irregularity which I have noticed under the name of southern deviation; of these thirteen, about half indicate rather a greater deviation than I have assigned to them, the other half deviate less. The three remaining stars, Castor, α Aquilse, α Cygni, deviate in a contrary direction. The difference in α Cygni is considerable, and not easily to be accounted for, as this star is one of those most frequently observed at each observatory, and is so near the zenith as not to be easily affected by the uncertainty of astronomical refraction. I fear the examination of these tables will rather increase than diminish that tendency to scepticism which does and indeed ought to exist, relative to the determination of such very small quantities by astronomical observation; but I deem it peculiarly incumbent on any one, placed in the situation which I hold, not to be influenced by these considerations : on the contrary, the difficulty and perplexity of the subject should only act as an incentive to contrive more powerful methods of investigation.

scholarly journals Istidlal Batalnya Wudlu (Perspektif Imam Hanafi dan Imam Syafi’i)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Sutrisno Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Valid Argument ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Experience Factor ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

<p><em>This study aims to determine 1) How is Istidlal (the process of searching for and using arguments) to invalidate ablution according to Imam Hanafi and Imam Syafii and 2) What are the factors that cause the difference of opinion between Imam Hanafi and Imam Shafii regarding the cancellation of ablution. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with a comparative approach that compares the opinions of two scholars about the cancellation of wudlu. The research results obtained are: 1) Istidlal: Imam Hanafi's istidlal regarding the cancellation of ablution was inspired by analogues and qiyas, because he was nicknamed "ahlu alra'yu", while Imam Shafi'i's istidlal regarding the cancellation of ablution is to look for the rules and ushul of the problem of canceling wudlu, then after finding him combine it with a valid argument or basis and this is also chosen from a valid argument. 2) Factors: The factors that cause differences of opinion between Imam Hanafi and Imam Shafi'i regarding the cancellation of ablution are the time or era factor, the scientific factor possessed, the legal basis used, the search for a legal basis in determining the law, and the experience factor.</em></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui, 1) <em>Istidlal</em> (proses pencarian dan penggunaan dalil) batalnya wudlu menurut Imam Hanafi dan  Imam Syafii dan 2) Faktor-faktor apakah yang menyebabkan perbadaan pendapat antara Imam Hanafi dan  Imam Syafii tentang batalnya wudlu. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan komparatif yang membandingkan pendapat dua ulama tentang batalnya wudlu. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah1)<em>Istidlal</em> Imam Hanafi tentang batalnya wudlu diilhami dengan analog dan qiyas, karena beliau dijuluki <em>”ahlu alra’yu”,</em>sedangkan <em>istidlal</em> Imam Syafi’i tentang batalnya wudlu yaitu dengan mencari kaidah-kaidah dan ushul dari permasalahan batalnya wudlu, kemudian setelah ditemukan beliau memadukan dengan dalil atau dasar yang dan ini pun dipilih dari dalil yang sahih. 2) Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perbedaan pendapat antara Imam Hanafi  dan Imam Syafi’i tentang batalnya wudlu adalah faktor masa atau zaman, faktor Keilmuan yang dimiliki, faktor dasar hukum yang digunakan, faktor pencarian dasar hukum dalam menetapkan hukum, dan faktor Pengalaman.</p><p><em><br /></em></p>

scholarly journals Pembagian Zakat Fitrah Kepada Mustahiq: Studi Komparatif Ketentuan Ashnaf Menurut Imam Syafi’i dan Imam Malik

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Aprina Chintya ◽  
Eka Tri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Difference

The difference of opinion between Imam Syafi’i and Imam Malik regarding the distribution of zakat fitrah to mustahiq creates a considerable difference in the implications. This study aims to describe recipients of zakat fitrah according to Imam Syafi’i and Imam Malik. This is a descriptive research. Method of collecting data was documentation. The data was analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that the determination of zakat fitrah recipients according to Imam Syafi’i is based on the command of Allah SWT, as prescribed in al-qur’an surah AtTaubah: verse 60 oriented to bayani approach namely distributing zakat fitrah is given to the 8 groups of zakat recipients. If none of them, then zakat is only given to the existing group only. Meanwhile, Imam Malik in determining zakat fitrah recipients refers to sunnah Rasulullah SAW, which gives a hint that Rasulullah SAW distributed zakat fitrah only to the poor and needy only. The difference in determining mustahiq in the distribution of zakat fitrah is due to the different istinbath method used. This is quite influential to income of the poors and gives the explanation to the society about distribution of zakat fitrah to mustahiq.Perbedaan pendapat antara Imam Syafi’i dan Imam Malik mengenai pembagian zakat fitrah kepada mustahiq menciptakan perbedaan yang cukup besar dalam implikasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mustahiq penerima zakat fitrah menurut Imam Syafi’i dan Imam Malik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi pustaka yang bersifat deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi dan teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penentuan mustahiqzakat fitrah Imam Syafi’i berdasarkan pada perintah Allah SWT, yang terdapat dalam AlQur’an surat At-Taubah ayat 60 berorientasi pada pendekatan bayani yaitu membagikan zakat fitrah kepada 8 golongan penerima zakat mal jika semua golongan itu ada. Jika tidak, zakat itu hanya diberikan kepada golongan yang ada saja. Sementara itu, Imam Malik dalam menentukan mustahiq zakat fitrah berpijak pada Sunnah Rasulullah SAW, yang memberikan petunjuk bahwa Rasulullah SAW, membagikan zakat fitrah hanya kepada kaum fakir dan miskin saja. Perbedaan penentuan mustahiq dalam pembagian zakat fitrah ini disebabkan karena erbedaan metode istinbath yang digunakan. Hal ini sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan pendapatan bagi kaum dhuafa dan memberikan gambaran pembelajaran bagi masyarakat tentang dasar pembagian zakat fitrah kepada mustahiq.

Analisis Fikih Muamalah terhadap Pemikiran M. Dawam Rahardjo mengenai Bunga Bank

2020 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Ramdaniar Eka Syirfana ◽  
Neneng Nurhasanah ◽  
Mohamad Andri Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Know How ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. The difference of opinion regarding interest whether including usury or not is very diverse and very sharp, there are those who think it is can and some who think it is can not. The difference is related to understanding illat. Placement on the chronology of the decline of usury verses is one of the points that determine a ulama's final opinion on bank interest. Similarly, Dawam Rahardjo whose opinion is different from most scholars.Based on these problems, the formulation of the problem and the purpose of this study is to Know How the Law of Islamic Law about Interest. M. Dawam Rahardjo's view of interest. And a review or criticism of Muamalah's Jurisprudence towards the opinion of M. Dawam Rahardjo regarding interest. The method of this research is qualitative, and data collection uses the documentation method by finding and studying books or other sources such as previous research or other sources relating to interest. The results of this study note that (1) Interest is in addition to the principal loan. Contrary to QS. Ar-Rum: 39 & QS. Al-Baqarah: 279. (2) The element of volunteerism as a reason for allowing interest is contrary to the QS. An-Nisa: 161 (3) Inflation as a reason for allowing interest is contrary to. QS. Ar-Rum: 39 (4) Ad'afan muda'afan in interest is contrary to the QS. Al-Baqarah: 278.Keywords: Dawam Rahardjo, Interest, Muamalah Fiqh, UsuryPerbedaan pendapat mengenai bunga bank apakah termasuk riba atau bukan sangat beragam dan sangat tajam, ada yang berpendapat boleh dan ada yang berpendapat tidak boleh. Perbedaan tersebut berkaitan dengan pemahaman illat hukum. Penempatan terhadap kronologis turunnya ayat riba merupakan satu diantara poin yang menentukan suatu pendapat akhir ulama tentang bunga bank. Sama halnya dengan Dawam Rahardjo yang pendapatnya berbeda dengan ulama kebanyakan.Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka rumusan masalah dan tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Untuk Mengetahui Bagaimana Hukum Fikih Muamalah tentang Bunga Bank. Pandangan M. Dawam Rahardjo mengenai Bunga Bank. Dan Tinjauan atau Kritik Fikih Muamalah terhadap Pendapat M. Dawam Rahardjo mengenai Bunga Bank. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dan pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi dengan mencari dan mempelajari buku-buku ataupun sumber lain seperti penelitian terdahulu ataupun sumber lainnya yang berkaitan dengan bunga bank. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa Bunga Bank menurut Hukum Fikih Muamalah haram karena memiliki persamaan ilat hukum dengan riba. Bunga Bank menurut M. Dawam Rahardjo boleh karena beliau lebih melihat dari sisi moralitas, ayat pelarangan riba beliau lebih menekankan pada pelarangan berlipat ganda. Tinjauan atau Kritik Hukum Fikih Muamalah terhadap Pendapat M. Dawam Rahardjo mengenai Bunga Bank, yaitu beliau tidak mengemukakan bagaimana persamaan bunga bank dan interest menurut beliau.Kata Kunci: Dawam Rahardjo, Bunga Bank, Fikih Muamalah, Riba

scholarly journals Civil Society: Relevansinya dengan Kenyataan Sosial Umat Islam Indonesia (Studi Pemikiran Tafsir Nurcholish Madjid)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Farida Nur Afifah
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Western World ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Muslim Scholar ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

Nurcholish Madjid is a Muslim scholar who is in direct contact with the Eastern world and the Western world and Nurcholish Madjid's thought in interpreting the Qur'an and Islam. In addition, there were three causes that influenced his first thought, the figure who would not be trapped in a traditionalist-modernist dichotomy. Secondly, it is a figure that has systematically formulated a comprehensive basic view of the Islamic. The three figures are actively involved in the socio-political field. Therefore, he was said to be the successor of the Islamic neo-modernist thought especially the successor of Fazlur Rahman. The pattern of interpretation is the interpretation of Maudhu'i with the attention of al-muhafazah ‘ala al-qadim al-salih wa al-akhdh bi’l-jadid al-aslah. This paper will present the view of the Nurcholish Madjid regarding civil society and will be explored using the literature method. As for the results of this search are In interpreting the civil society Nurcholish Madjid equates with civil society that is a civilisation society that exempts the example of Prophet Muhammad in shaping and cultivating the community in Medina. People who obey the law, appreciate the difference of opinion and the rights of others, and have a concern for the sense of humanity. It can be said that Indonesian people need hard efforts in establishing civil society as conceptualized by Nurcholish Madjid.

scholarly journals THE JAVA CALENDAR AND ITS RELEVANCE WITH THE ISLAMIC CALENDAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-248
Author(s):  
Faiz Farichah
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Lunar Calendar ◽  
Astronomical Calendar ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
New Moon ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Personal Interests

Calendar or calendar system is an important reference for mankind from ancient times to the present. Judging from the reference system, there are three types of calendars, namely solar-based, lunar-based and both-based calendars. Meanwhile, in terms of its complexity, the calendar is divided into two, namely the astronomical and arithmetic calendars. The Javanese calendar after the changes made by the great sultan, was inspired by the hijri calendar. Both are based on the lunar calendar. The aim of this study is to introduce the calendar system, the Javanese calendar and its relevance to the hijriah calendar, and the Javanese Aboge calendar. This research is descriptive. The source in this research study is literature review. From this research it was found that the hijri calendar is an astronomical calendar that requires observation and has a high degree of accuracy with respect to the visibility of the new moon, while the Javanese calendar is an arithmetic calendar system, so it requires corrections in a certain period to be the same or nearly the same as the hijri calendar. However, the Aboge calendar does not change curves or cycles, so that the Aboge Javanese calendar has a difference of days with the Javanese calendar currently in use, namely the calendar with the asapon calendar, and it could be the same or the difference of up to two days with the Hijri calendar. Yet the calendar is used by the Javanese not only for worship, but also for petungan in determining traditional ceremonies and personal interests.

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