scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of child and adolescent growth in Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 006
Author(s):  
Wilmer Alexander Tarupi ◽  
Yvan Lepage ◽  
Roland Hauspie ◽  
María Luisa Félix ◽  
Claude Monnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Health Organization

Child growth is internationally recognized as an important indicator for monitoring health in populations. There exists a wide controversy regarding the use of international growth standards versus local references. This study seeks to construct reference growth curves for school-age Ecuadorian children and adolescents, and to compare them with World Health Organization (WHO) standards, in order to identify the differences and their public health implications. The study authors enrolled 2891 children (1644 girls and 1247 boys) aged 5 to 18 years, from a variety of climatic zones and ethnic groups. LMS method was used to construct Ecuadorian curves for height, weight and Body Mass Index. Comparisons of Ecuadorian and WHO curves were graphically illustrated. U.S children were taller than Ecuadorian children across all age ranges, with larger differences between the two populations in children over 13 years. Consequently, estimates of low height and extremely low height, as well as overweight, obese and undernourished, were significantly different between WHO standards and the Ecuadorian references. Population-specific growth curves may be more adequate for growth monitoring of Ecuadorian children than WHO growth curves. We advocate for the construction of an Ecuadorian growth reference for clinical use based on national population, from conception to maturity, as an accurate instrument for monitoring growth.

Construction of the World Health Organization child growth standards: selection of methods for attained growth curves

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Borghi ◽  
M. de Onis ◽  
C. Garza ◽  
J. Van den Broeck ◽  
E. A. Frongillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals New Growth Curves for Spanish Children (0–10 Years) in the Region of Extremadura

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8953
Author(s):  
Luis Pardo-Galán ◽  
Raquel Pastor-Cisneros ◽  
Daniel Collado-Mateo ◽  
José Adsuar ◽  
Miguel García-Gordillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

The anthropometric reference data used to examine the growth pattern of children in Spain are obtained from studies carried out several years ago. In the region of Extremadura, the tables obtained by the Faustino Obergozo Foundation, which date back to 2004, are used. The first objective of this work is to develop growth tables and graphs that accurately reflect the somatometric variables of children in Extremadura. Secondly, the averages of these variables by sex will be compared to determine if there are significant differences between them. A database provided by the General Directorate of Planning, Training, and Health and Social Quality of the Regional Government of Extremadura was used, which contains the measurements of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of boys and girls in Extremadura between the years 2006–2016. The database was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and the R software version 3.5.1, considering a cross-sectional study. As a result, the tables and growth graphs of Extremadura’s population base for weight and height are presented, from birth to 10 years, as well as comparisons of the average values of the analyzed variables between boys and girls. We found that there are significant differences in the mean values, according to sex, of the height and weight. On the other hand, BMI progressed normally when comparing the results of the Extremadura population with those reflected by the World Health Organization (WHO). Differences were found when comparing the results with those obtained by the Faustino Orbegozo Foundation.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Growth of Children Aged 12–24 Months in the Tanga Region, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-217
Author(s):  
Ingvild Skålnes Elverud ◽  
Ketil Størdal ◽  
Mercy Chiduo ◽  
Claus Klingenberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The first 1000 days of life, from conception to the second birthday, offer a unique window of opportunity for optimal growth, critical for future health. The primary aim of this study was to analyze growth of children between 12 and 24 months age in Tanzanian children, and to explore possible predictors for growth. Methods Observational, cross-sectional study performed between March and April 2017. Eligible children, and their mothers, attended routine follow-up at two health clinics in Tanga, Tanzania. At the study day, the child’s weight and height were recorded. The mothers answered a structured interview regarding breastfeeding, immunization and socioeconomic conditions. Results We recruited 300 mother–child pairs. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] age at study visit was 16 (14–20) months. Mothers reported that 170 (57%) of their children were exclusively breastfed for a minimum of 6 months; median (IQR) 6 (4–6) months. Using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard growth curves, mean weight-for-age Z-score was −0.30 and mean length-for-age Z-score was −0.47. Children whose mothers had higher education had higher Z-scores for weight and length compared to children of mothers with lower education. Education remained the most important predictor for growth also after adjusting for other variables. Overall, 48/300 (16%) were moderate-severe stunted and 25/300 (8.4%) had moderate-severe underweight. Conclusion Children aged 12–24 months in this region of Tanzania had weight and height below the WHO standard. Higher educated mothers had children with better growth parameters. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding was long, but did not predict growth parameters.

Implications of the WHO Child Growth Standards in rural Honduras

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K Nichols ◽  
Joseph S Nichols ◽  
Beatrice J Selwyn ◽  
Carol Coello-Gomez ◽  
George R Parkerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Growth Reference ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThe present study analysed the impact of using the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards (‘the WHO standards’) compared with the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference (‘the NCHS reference’) on the calculated prevalence of chronic malnutrition in children aged 6·0–59·9 months.DesignAnthropometric data were collected as part of a cross-sectional study exploring the association between household environments and nutritional status of children. Z-scores were computed for height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ) using each reference/standard. Results were compared using Bland–Altman plots, percentage agreement, kappa statistics, line graphs and proportion of children in Z-score categories.SettingThe study was conducted in thirteen rural villages within Honduras's department of Intibucá.SubjectsChildren aged 6·0–59·9 months were the focus of the analysis, and households with children in this age range served as the sampling unit for the study.ResultsThe WHO standards yielded lower means for HAZ and higher means for WAZ and WHZ compared with the NCHS reference. The WHO standards and NCHS reference showed good agreement between Z-score categories, except for HAZ among males aged 24·0–35·9 months and WHZ among males aged >24·0 months. Using the WHO standards resulted in higher proportions of stunting (low HAZ) and overweight (high WHZ) and lower proportions of underweight (low WAZ). The degree of difference among these measures varied by age and gender.ConclusionsThe choice of growth reference/standard employed in nutritional surveys may have important methodological and policy implications. While ostensibly comparable, data on nutritional indicators derived with different growth references/standards must be interpreted cautiously.

scholarly journals Comparison of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards and the National Center for Health Statistics/WHO international growth reference: implications for child health programmes

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 942-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes de Onis ◽  
Adelheid W Onyango ◽  
Elaine Borghi ◽  
Cutberto Garza ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
International Growth ◽  
Growth Reference ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Programmes

AbstractObjectivesTo compare growth patterns and estimates of malnutrition based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards (‘the WHO standards’) and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO international growth reference (‘the NCHS reference’), and discuss implications for child health programmes.DesignSecondary analysis of longitudinal data to compare growth patterns (birth to 12 months) and data from two cross-sectional surveys to compare estimates of malnutrition among under-fives.SettingsBangladesh, Dominican Republic and a pooled sample of infants from North America and Northern Europe.SubjectsRespectively 4787, 10 381 and 226 infants and children.ResultsHealthy breast-fed infants tracked along the WHO standard's weight-for-age mean Z-score while appearing to falter on the NCHS reference from 2 months onwards. Underweight rates increased during the first six months and thereafter decreased when based on the WHO standards. For all age groups stunting rates were higher according to the WHO standards. Wasting and severe wasting were substantially higher during the first half of infancy. Thereafter, the prevalence of severe wasting continued to be 1.5 to 2.5 times that of the NCHS reference. The increase in overweight rates based on the WHO standards varied by age group, with an overall relative increase of 34%.ConclusionsThe WHO standards provide a better tool to monitor the rapid and changing rate of growth in early infancy. Their adoption will have important implications for child health with respect to the assessment of lactation performance and the adequacy of infant feeding. Population estimates of malnutrition will vary by age, growth indicator and the nutritional status of index populations.

scholarly journals Variations in estimates of underweight, stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity in children from Argentina comparing three growth charts

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2086-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisel Padula ◽  
Analía I Seoane ◽  
Susana A Salceda
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Growth Charts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Pediatric Society ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Society Committee

AbstractObjectiveTo compare estimates of underweight, stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity based on three growth charts.DesignCross-sectional study to estimate weight-for-age, length/height-for-age and weight-for-height comparing the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards (‘the WHO standards’), the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference (‘the NCHS reference’) and the 1987 Argentine Pediatric Society Committee of Growth and Development reference (‘the APS reference’). Cut-off points were defined as mean values ±2 sd. Epi-Info software version 6·0 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) was used for statistical evaluations (χ2, P ≤ 0·05).SettingGreater La Plata conurbation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.SubjectsA total of 2644 healthy, full-term children from 0 to 5 years of age.ResultsPrevalence of underweight was higher with the WHO standards than with the other references up to the first 6 months. For the rest of the ages, prevalence was lower with the WHO standards. Stunting prevalence was higher with the WHO standards at all ages. Prevalence of wasting was higher with the WHO standards compared with the NCHS reference up to the first 6 months and lower at 2–5 years of age. Overweight and obesity prevalences were higher with the WHO standards at all ages.ConclusionsThe new WHO standards appear to be a solid and reliable tool for diagnosis and treatment of nutritional diseases, also being the only one built with infants fed according to WHO recommendations. Therefore, our results support the decision of the National Ministry of Health about the utilization of the new WHO standards to monitor the nutritional status of Argentinean children aged less than 5 years.

WHO 2006 Child Growth Standards overestimate short stature and underestimate overweight in Japanese children

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikako Inokuchi ◽  
Nobutake Matsuo ◽  
John I. Takayama ◽  
Tomonobu Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Who Standards

AbstractBackground:It is unclear whether the World Health Organization (WHO) 2006 Child Growth Standards are applicable to East Asian populations. We investigated the applicability of the WHO standards of length/height and weight to a cohort representing middle-class children in Japan.Methods:A cohort of children aged 0–5 years (3430 boys, 3025 girls) in the Tokyo Child Care Center Survey consecutively recruited from 2007 to 2013 were studied. Age- and sex-specific z-scores of length/height, weight and weight for length/height were calculated relative to either the WHO standards or the Japanese 2000 Growth References (nationally representative cross sectional survey data).Results:Compared with the WHO standards, Japanese children at birth, 1, 3, 5 years were shorter (length/height standard deviation score [SDS] −0.26, −0.82, −0.81, −0.63 for boys, and −0.15, −0.67, −0.84, −0.62 for girls, respectively) and lighter (weight SDS −0.62, −0.36, −0.34, −0.42 for boys and −0.60, −0.17, −0.29, −0.43 for girls, respectively). Weight for length/height showed smaller differences at various length/height points (SDS −0.05 to 0.15 for boys, 0.01 to 0.29 for girls, respectively).Conclusions:Adoption of the WHO standards would substantially alter the prevalence of short stature, underweight and overweight in Japanese children 0–5 years of age. These findings advocate the use of the national references in Japan.

scholarly journals Comparison of Growth Diagrams Of Indonesian Children to 2006 World Health Organization Growth Standards in diagnosing stunting

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Rizki Aryo Wicaksono ◽  
Karina Sugih Arto ◽  
Rina Amalia Karomina Saragih ◽  
Melda Deliana ◽  
Munar Lubis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Psychosocial Stimulation ◽  
Health Organization

Background Stunting represents a linear growth disturbance due to chronic malnutrition, recurrent infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. The 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Standards are utilized as a modality in monitoring children’s growth, but to date, there has been no recommendation on use of the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children to monitor the growth of Indonesian children. Objective To determine the proportion of stunting, the sensitivity and specificity of Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children for diagnosing stunting. In addition, we aimed to compare proportions of stunting using the 2006 WHO Growth Standards and Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lawe Alas District, Southeast Aceh, Indonesia, from December 2017 to May 2018. Subjects were children aged 1-59 months who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Subjects were obtained using a consecutive sampling method. Weight and height measurements were plotted on the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children and on the 2006 WHO Growth Standards to determine the stature o subjects. Stunting was defined as the index Z-score for HAZ of less than -2 SD for the 2006 WHO Growth Standards, and an HAZ index of below the 10th percentile (p10th) for the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children. Results Of 141 subjects, 66 (46.8%) had stunting based on the 2006 WHO Growth Standards and 51 (34.8%) had stunting based on Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children. The sensitivity and specificity of the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children were 75.5% and 98.66%, respectively. Significantly more children were considered to be stunted using the 2006 WHO Growth Standards than using the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children. Conclusion Stunting prevalence is high in Southeast Aceh. The Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children is a spesific and sensitive tool to diagnosed stunting in accordance with Indonesian children’s growth patterns.

scholarly journals Comparison of Growth Diagrams Of Indonesian Children to 2006 World Health Organization Growth Standards in diagnosing stunting

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Rizki Aryo Wicaksono ◽  
Karina Sugih Arto ◽  
Rina Amalia Karomina Saragih ◽  
Melda Deliana ◽  
Munar Lubis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Psychosocial Stimulation ◽  
Health Organization

Background Stunting represents a linear growth disturbance due to chronic malnutrition, recurrent infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. The 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Standards are utilized as a modality in monitoring children’s growth, but to date, there has been no recommendation on use of the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children to monitor the growth of Indonesian children. Objective To determine the proportion of stunting, the sensitivity and specificity of Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children for diagnosing stunting. In addition, we aimed to compare proportions of stunting using the 2006 WHO Growth Standards and Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lawe Alas District, Southeast Aceh, Indonesia, from December 2017 to May 2018. Subjects were children aged 1-59 months who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Subjects were obtained using a consecutive sampling method. Weight and height measurements were plotted on the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children and on the 2006 WHO Growth Standards to determine the stature o subjects. Stunting was defined as the index Z-score for HAZ of less than -2 SD for the 2006 WHO Growth Standards, and an HAZ index of below the 10th percentile (p10th) for the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children. Results Of 141 subjects, 66 (46.8%) had stunting based on the 2006 WHO Growth Standards and 51 (34.8%) had stunting based on Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children. The sensitivity and specificity of the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children were 75.5% and 98.66%, respectively. Significantly more children were considered to be stunted using the 2006 WHO Growth Standards than using the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children. Conclusion Stunting prevalence is high in Southeast Aceh. The Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children is a spesific and sensitive tool to diagnosed stunting in accordance with Indonesian children’s growth patterns.

Evaluation of Drug Use Based on WHO Prescribing Indicator in Mizan- Tepi University Teaching Hospital, south Western Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Hambisa ◽  
Rediet Feleke ◽  
Ameha Zewudie ◽  
Mohammed Yimam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Background:: Rational drug use comprises aspects of prescribing, dispensing and patient use of medicines for different health problems. This study is aimed to assess drug prescribing practice based on the world health organization prescribing indicators in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Methods:: An institutional based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate prescribing practices in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Data were collected based on World health organization drug use indicators using prescription papers. 600 prescriptions dispensed through the general outpatient pharmacy of the hospital were collected by systematic random sampling method from prescriptions written for a 1-year time in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Results:: The present study found that the average number of drugs per prescription was 2.04 ± 0.87 in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital with a range between 1 and 5. Prescribing by generic name was 97.6 % and 47.8% of prescriptions contained antibiotics in the hospital. 27.7% of prescriptions contained at least one injectable medication in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. From prescribed drugs, 96.7% of them were prescribed from Ethiopian essential drug list. Conclusion:: Present study indicated that the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter, the percentage of generic prescribing and prescribing from the EDL were close to optimal value. However, the percentage of encounters with antibiotics and injections prescribed were found be very high. Thus, the study highlights some improvements in prescribing habits, particularly by focusing on the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics and injections.

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