scholarly journals Failure Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials Used in Malaysian Industries

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin Mahmud ◽  
Wahyu Kuntjoro ◽  
Aidah Jumahat
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Plate Theory ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Actual Load ◽  
Fortran 90 ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Discrete Layer

The main objective of this paper is to determine the curves bounding the actual load carrying capacity in terms of the First Ply Failure and the Last Ply Failure of composite materials used in Malaysian Industries. A mathematical model and computational model are presented for the analysis. Higher Order Shear Deformation plate theory is employed to predict the deformation of the plate. The selected material properties through thickness is used and accommodated by a discrete layer approach. A program based on finite element method is developed using Fortran-90 to determine the lamina stresses. These stresses are then used in the present failure model to determine the First Ply Failure and Last Ply Failure, by progressively reducing the stiffness of the laminas. Finally, the First Ply Failure and Last Ply failure results are analysed, in terms of lower and upper bound within which the true load carrying capacity lies.

Failure Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials Used in Malaysian Industries

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin Mahmud ◽  
Wahyu Kuntjoro ◽  
Aidah Jumahat
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Plate Theory ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Actual Load ◽  
Fortran 90 ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Discrete Layer

The main objective of this paper is to determine the curves bounding the actual load carrying capacity in terms of the First Ply Failure and the Last Ply Failure of composite materials used in Malaysian Industries. A mathematical model and computational model are presented for the analysis. Higher Order Shear Deformation plate theory is employed to predict the deformation of the plate. The selected material properties through thickness is used and accommodated by a discrete layer approach. A program based on finite element method is developed using Fortran-90 to determine the lamina stresses. These stresses are then used in the present failure model to determine the First Ply Failure and Last Ply Failure, by progressively reducing the stiffness of the laminas. Finally, the First Ply Failure and Last Ply failure results are analysed, in terms of lower and upper bound within which the true load carrying capacity lies.

Buckling of Short, Thin-Walled Cylinders Under Combined Loading

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Goltermann
Keyword(s):  
Yield Stress ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Critical Stress ◽  
Plate Theory ◽  
Yield Condition ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Actual Geometry

Short cylindrical shells are often used in offshore structures. Such cylinders are loaded by axial compression as well as hydrostatical pressure. The load-carrying capacity is for practical purposes determined for each of the two load cases separately. The determination of the load-carrying capacity for a combined loading is then based on a combination of those two load-carrying capacities. This combination differs from code to code and has a significant influence on the load-carrying capacity. This paper presents a rational way of estimating the capacity by using simple, well-known theories. The elastic, critical stress (fe) of a perfect cylinder is estimated according to the classic shell theory for the two load cases, and the respective knock-down factors (α) are calculated according to a code or according to Koiter’s classic stability theory. This leads to an estimate of the ratio between actual stress and the elastic, critical stress (fe·α) of the imperfect cylinder in the two load cases. The membrane stresses and the bending stresses due to the oval imperfection of the cylinder are calculated according to the plate theory, in which the stiffness is reduced corresponding to those ratios. The capacity is defined as the load level at which a point yields according to von Mises’ yield condition. The method is easily applicable for practical purposes and has the advantage that it estimates the capacity at the actual geometry, yield stress, imperfection level and load combination, and thus enables a better estimation. The paper shows that the interaction curves depend severely on the geometry, the level of imperfection, and the size of the yield stress.

scholarly journals Behavior of AFRP Composite and its Practical Aspects in the Invigoration of Structural and Materialistic Properties of Corroded SHTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2549-2557
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Load Carrying

The usage of effective composite materials currently became a regular trend in different field of industrial works and production factories. Composite materials being having a property of fulfilling more than one property simultaneously became an effective material recently in practical life. Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite, due to its low weight, high stiffness huge load carrying capacity, corrosion less property, it became a friendly material for different engineering purposes where materials get include. In the world of Civil Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering, currently the trend of FRP became very familiar for increasing the strength of materials for different properties and from different orientations. Strengthening and retrofitting of any structural elements become mandatory when the structure gets distressed due to several loading and aging effects. This research paper contains the concept of Aramid Fiber Reinforced Polymer (AFRP) composite and its application in the strengthening of corroded Steel Hollow Tubular Sections (SHTS). The improvement in the properties of SHTS after applying AFRP is discussed in this research content and its polymerization effect on strengthening. To establish a comparison on the recent research trend in this area, a special way of retrofication scheme was involved in this investigation, by following a practice of spiral or helical wrapping of AFRP to achieve a continues stiffness with a uniform unity across the height of the column. To analyze the proposed strengthening scheme, a comparative study has been done with respect to the traditional approach. A series of experimental investigation was done to come up with the result and later a brief discussion has been done regarding the usage of AFRP in different fields of Engineering. Totally 21 samples were casted both in horizontal and spiral jacketing and tested experimentally under axial compressive load by sustaining several parameters to observe the variation in the change of the properties of SHTS to verify the axial load carrying capacity along with the stiffness and Young’s modulus. The experimental investigation showed that there is a remarkable improvement in the properties of AFRP strengthened specimens with respect to different parameters after the application AFRP and the effect of its polymerization with the bonding agent. Thus after the strengthening of column specimens with AFRP, the overall increment in the load ringing capacity of the SHTS was 23.27% and also the proposed scheme of spiral wrapping provided a superior result as compared to the traditional method of horizontal stripping.

Some Experiences with Evaluation of the Load Carrying Capacity of Bridges Using in Situ Load Tests

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Wittrup Schmidt ◽  
Arne Henriksen ◽  
Svend Engelund
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Actual Load ◽  
Load Tests

The evaluation of the load carrying capacity of bridges is usually performed using a computational model and a number of codes that specify the relevant ma terial properties and loads. This approach ensures that the evaluation of the load carrying capacity is performed such that the bridge has an acceptable level of safety with respect to a number of adverse events such as collapse (ultimate limit state) and large deformations (serviceability limit state). However, experience indicate that redistribution of load effects, interaction between structural elements, the actual boundary conditions and other factors may provide a higher load carrying capacity than the one determined on the basis of the computational model. The Danish Road Directorate has in cooperation with The Danish Technical University and COWI A/S performed a number of in situ load tests of concrete bridges in order to determine the actual load carrying capacity of the short span concrete bridges (up to 12m). The paper presents the planning and the execution of the tests. Further, it is demonstrated how the results may be used in order to determine the actual load carrying capacity of a bridge.

scholarly journals Probabilistic estimation seismic resistance of spatial steel frame under earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Mkrtychev ◽  
Sergey V. Bulushev
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Steel Frame ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Seismic Resistance ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Spatial Frame ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Actual Load

Relevance. By its nature, seismic action is represented by the accelerogram a pronounced multidimensional random process, generally containing six components. The calculation in the deterministic formulation does not always allow to adequately assess the reaction of the system. While the calculation in the probabilistic formulation more adequately reflects the work of the system and makes it possible to evaluate its seismic resistance with a given security. The aim of the work is to assess the actual load-carrying capacity safety margin and the taken when designing coefficient K1, taking into account the permissible damage to buildings and structures for the steel spatial frame when calculating on the seismic action. Methods. In the article, the steel spatial frame was calculated for two sets of accelerograms, with dominant frequencies close to the main frequencies of the frame's natural vibrations. Each set was synthesized as a family of unsteady random seismic impact implementations. The calculation was carried out on two-component seismic action in nonlinear dynamic formulation in the software complex LS-DYNA. Previously, the frame was designed in accordance with national standard SP 14.13330.2014 “Construction in seismic areas on the seismic action” of the design earthquake level in the software complex PC LIRA 10.8. According to the developed probabilistic method for each set the actual load-carrying capacity safety margins were obtained and the coefficients K1 were estimated. Results . An analysis of the results shows that the steel frame under consideration has a sufficiently large margin of load-carrying capacity, and the coefficient K1 is taken in norms excessively conservatively. The developed technique allows to correct the value of the accepted coefficient K1 for buildings and structures of certain structural schemes. That in its turn will increase the economic efficiency of construction in seismic areas and ensure the reliability of the designed buildings and structures.

Influence of Yield Strength Variability over Cross-Section to Steel Beam Load-Carrying Capacity

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kala ◽  
Z. Kala
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Strength Variability ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Hot Rolled Steel

Authors of article analysed influence of variability of yield strength over cross-section of hot rolled steel member to its load-carrying capacity. In calculation models, the yield strength is usually taken as constant. But yield strength of a steel hot-rolled beam is generally a random quantity. Not only the whole beam but also its parts have slightly different material characteristics. According to the results of more accurate measurements, the statistical characteristics of the material taken from various cross-section points (e.g. from a web and a flange) are, however, more or less different. This variation is described by one dimensional random field. The load-carrying capacity of the beam IPE300 under bending moment at its ends with the lateral buckling influence included is analysed, nondimensional slenderness according to EC3 is λ¯ = 0.6. For this relatively low slender beam the influence of the yield strength on the load-carrying capacity is large. Also the influence of all the other imperfections as accurately as possible, the load-carrying capacity was determined by geometrically and materially nonlinear solution of very accurate FEM model by the ANSYS programme.

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