Cognitive and Ethical Bases of Discourse and Discourse Analysis
The definitions of discourse are varied, bearing both philosophical and philological features. Discourse is a means to establish social relationships as well as their result. Discourse analysis (including its varie-ties) presents new empirical opportunities for schol-ars, who are seeking understanding of social reality. Discourse analysis is a complex method that has a potential to be applied to various studies: sociology, political theory, philosophy, linguistics, cultural studies, history, etc. The capacity of discourse to constitute everyday life gives us an opportunity to interpret social reality, our experiences and mean-ings that are created within it. In social-constructionist epistemology the major role is given to these two perspectives: cognitive (where dis-course is viewed as a mental phenomenon, repre-sented in texts) and ethical (where discourse is viewed as a condition for social action). These are the aspects of understanding of discourse and the methods for its examination.