scholarly journals The impact of digital transformation on European countries: insights from a comparative analysis

Equilibrium ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-355
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Małkowska ◽  
Maria Urbaniec ◽  
Małgorzata Kosała
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Impact

Research background: In the era of the digital revolution, the Internet, automation and robotisation, new industrial relations and dynamic interactions among different stakeholders are giving rise to new opportunities and challenges. The changes associated with the enforcement of the ?Industry 4.0? concept require adaptation to these developments at different levels of the economy and society in order to support digital transformation. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to measure and assess the impact of digital transformation on European countries (EU). The comparative analysis of technological development in EU countries includes three dimensions: the digitalisation of society (Society 4.0), the ability of the economy to face the challenges of technological development (Economy 4.0), as well as the exploitation of ICT in companies (Companies 4.0). Methods: The empirical section of the article was built on a two-stage analytical approach: (a) cluster analysis methods to assess differences and similarities between EU countries (Hierarchical Cluster and K-Means Cluster) and (b) the multi-criteria decision-making method (TOPSIS) to rank countries according to the adopted evaluation criteria. For the purposes of this analysis, data from the Eurostat database have been applied. Findings & value added: The results of this analysis demonstrate the impact of technological transformation on the economy and society in EU countries grouped according to a similar level of development, such as countries with high, medium and low performance. This has contributed to indicating the cohesion in technological development achieved by each country group and to recognising the digitalisation gap between EU Member States. The novelty of this study consists in applying the multi-stage, multi-criteria analysis based on cluster analysis and the TOPSIS method, as well as the comparative analysis of the impact of technological developments on the societies and economies of EU countries. This paper extends similar studies by focusing on the application of a broad range of indicators regarding a holistic perspective including three dimensions: societies, economies and companies. The results provide valuable insights into evaluating the technological progress in European countries.

scholarly journals Globalization and Income Inequality: Comparative Analysis of the European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 08003
Author(s):  
Irina Atanasova ◽  
Tsvetomir Tsvetkov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Research background: The globalization of the European countries within the EU and the Eurozone is primarily economic and is expressed by the free trade and the movement of capital and labour, which determines the incomes and the GDP. Globalization and its impact on inequality is becoming an essential and problematic issue, especially in the context of on-going economic integration processes between the countries in Europe, which seek to converge their economic, social and political systems in the Euro area. The process of inequality has become even more relevant in the context of globalization. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to examine the impact of globalization on the inequality in the developed and the emerging economies in Europe. Methods: On the basis of an econometric assessment, a comparative analysis of the effect of globalization on the inequality in the developed European countries and the emerging countries is carried out. Findings & Value added: The paper analyses the essential aspects and the effects of the income inequality dynamics, both horizontally and vertically. It also addresses the question of whether the effect of globalization on the economic growth and the inequality is the same for the developing and the developed countries, respectively. Based on the research, seven important conclusions are reached.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Human Capital's Structure on High Value-Added Economic Sectors in European Countries: Illustration of Mining Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-116
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
European Economies ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the research was to assess the impact of a new structure of human capital on high value-added economic sectors in European countries. The conducted theoretical and empirical research has shown that the proposed new concept of human capital has a place to be. Three dimensions of human capital, such as quality, quantity and value, have different impacts on different sectors of European economies. Based on empirical data, the multiple linear regression model was chosen as a method that the best-fit structure of the data collected. The proposed econometric model revealed that the value of human capital is the most important component among three having very close statistical interconnections with qualitative dimensions. It was researched that Scandinavian countries scored the highest level of value dimension of human capital as well as high value-added in the economy. Open, trusted, tolerant, culturally diverse societies create preconditions for a rise for creative culture, which is a source for the formation of technological innovations and adaptation in high value-added economic sectors. Moreover, because of this value-added chain, technological innovations penetrate traditional industries as mining brings the reduction of cost, the increase in productivity and value-added, safety, and shared value in society through environmental issues.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on digital globalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Maria Loredana Popescu ◽  
Svetlana Platagea Gombos ◽  
Sorin Burlacu ◽  
Amza Mair
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Research background: After more than a year of the Covid-19 pandemic, we can investigate whether it caused a shock to the global economy, pushing for deglobalization, or on the contrary, it was a challenge for digital globalization and digital transformation of economies. Through this research we join the research contributions that examine the process towards digital globalization that characterizes the world economy, its impact on businesses, consumers, and governments. We also discuss the challenges posed by the crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic to globalization and perhaps the acceleration of the digital transformation of economies. Purpose of the article: The aim of this research is to highlight the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the age of digital globalization. Methods: Documentary analysis, as the main research method, is doubled by a case study that allows us to highlight the specific characteristics of digital globalization. Findings & Value added: The findings of the research allowed us to highlight the essential aspects of digital globalization that were perhaps exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic, but which contribute greatly to understanding the phenomenon of globalization. Our research also reveals four lessons learned in the COVID-19 pandemic. We also present some considerations regarding the globalization after the health crisis.

scholarly journals Financialization and Income Inequality in Selected European Countries, 2004–2013

e-Finanse ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Golebiowski ◽  
Piotr Szczepankowski ◽  
Dorota Wisniewska
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Value Added ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Synthetic Indicator ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The article examines the impact of financialization on income inequality between 2004 and 2013, through a panel analysis of seven European countries. Moreover, it attempts to examine differences in the perception of the phenomenon between the selected European countries belonging to the G-7 and countries from Central and Eastern Europe. The results demonstrate the existence of individual effects, which means that the level of inequality under examination is influenced predominantly by country-specific factors. The most significant correlation is noticeable between the level of unemployment and the degree of income inequality. An increase in unemployment is accompanied by a rise in the disproportions in the level of income that individual citizens have at their disposal whereas a decrease in the unemployment level contributes to an improvement of the GINI coefficient. Simultaneously, the results confirm the existence of significant correlations between the level of the GINI coefficient and such financialization indicators as the share of employment in finance in total employment and the contribution of the financial sector to total value added creation. The most prominent dependency was discovered when a constructed synthetic indicator was adopted as an indicator of financialization. At the same time, analysis of the synthetic country financialization indicator points to a conclusion that the level of financialization is higher in European countries belonging to the G-7 (especially Great Britain) than in countries from Central and Eastern Europe.

ASSESSMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY CONSIDERING THE DIGITAL FACTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (199) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
M.P. Kalinichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study is to assess the technological transformation of the manufacturing industry in Russia, taking into account the digital factor. The analysis of a set of methods that can be used to assess the impact of technologies on the digital transformation of economic systems (country, industry, region, industrial enterprise) is carried out; the results of a SWOT analysis of the Russian manufacturing industry for the medium term are presented (as an initial stage for the subsequent development of functional strategies of industrial enterprises-digital transformation, innovative, competitive, etc.); the results of a survey of experts on a sample of industrial enterprises of the Arkhangelsk region regarding barriers and prospects of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises are summarized; an economic and mathematical model of the influence of production factors, including the digital factor, on the value added created by the manufacturing industry is developed. Based on the analysis and modeling of the formation of added value in the manufacturing industry, taking into account the contribution of each of the factors of production, a set of solutions is proposed, on the basis of which it is possible to give a new impetus to accelerate the digital transformation of the industry.

scholarly journals Digital Economy as a Factor in the Technological Development of the Mineral Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1521-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Litvinenko
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resource ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Mineral Sector ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article describes the impact of the global digital economy on the technological development of the mineral sector in the world. Due to the different specifics of the legislative bases of the investigated regions, such as the USA, China, EU, and Africa, the development of digital transformation is presented on the example of the Russian Federation in the context of world trends. The article presents an analysis of the possibilities of using straight-through digital technology in prospecting, design, development, and use of mineral resources. It describes a structure promoting the development of applied digital technology through research–education centers and international competence centers. This structure would allow forming the new competencies for personnel working in the digital economy. The underfunding of the information and computing infrastructure could be a significant challenge to the digital transformation of the economy. Creating the conditions for a reliable and secure process of generating, storing, and using data is the basis for protection from the cybersecurity hazard that could act as a brake on technology advancement. This article discusses the organizational and technological priorities of the development of the mineral resource sector on the example of the Russian Federation. The challenges for the mineral resource complex resulting from global changes can be taken on through technological changes of the industry. The article gives a thorough description of issues related to technological developments in the raw materials sector, oil refining industry, development of integrated and advanced mineral processing systems, and the use of household and industrial wastes. The research presents basic technology contributing to sustainable development, starting from exploration and production forecasting and up to sustainable planning and distribution of material and energy resources based on real-time data. It also pays special attention to the possibilities of creating digital platforms for the mineral sector. Digital integration, combining research areas, personnel, processes, users, and data will create conditions for scientific and technological achievements and breakthroughs, providing scientific and economic developments in related industries and, above all, in the global mineral and raw materials market.

scholarly journals Higher Education Policies and Employability of University Graduates in the EU-28

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-133
Author(s):  
Elena Pelinescu ◽  
Mihaela Simionescu
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Value Added ◽  
European Countries ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Higher Education Policies ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: The main purpose of this research is to analyze and reveal if the recent policy measures in higher education carried in European Union member countries have had a significant impact on the labour market integration of university graduates. Methodology: We selected a set of indicators that were common in the 2015 and 2016 editions of Structural Indicators for Monitoring Education and Training Systems in Europe and could offer an image of intensity of higher education policies in relation with labour market at European level. We further used these measures to test for any significant effects of the policies on the integration of graduates in the labour market. Findings: We found significant effects of various policy measures in high education in the European countries. We estimate a positive role for factors like monitoring of completion rates, requirements for the staff to have higher education, presence of educational guidelines, and recognition of formal and informal learning for entry in higher education. Value Added: This is the first study to address the impact of high education policies carried in European countries on the integration of college graduates. The study is distinct through both the design of new measures of higher education policy in Europe as well through testing whether the intensity of policies carried for higher education has affected the employability of young graduates or not. Recommendations: The results of this empirical research allow us to make some recommendations for improving the insertion of young graduates on European labour market.

scholarly journals Cluster analysis of the impact of blockchain technologies upon the development of the sectors of national economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Marat Rashitovich Safiullin ◽  
Azat Rafikovich Sharapov ◽  
Leonid Alekseevich Elshin
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Prospects for the development of national economy in the context of integration of blockchain technologies into the system of economic processes testify necessitate elaboration of the methods and algorithms for formalized assessment of their impact upon the key parameters of socioeconomic dynamics. If within scientific-and-expert space, one may occasionally come across the works dedicated to separate aspects of this scientific methodological problem, the questions of the impact of blockchain technologies upon individual economic sectors are yet to be explored within the information-analytical and scientific space. The methods of empirical research of the impact of blockchain technologies upon the parameters of economic development currently did not find their consolidated solution, and are of fragmentary nature. This research is an attempt to strengthen the positions of formalized approaches towards examination of the articulated scientific and practical problem. The subject of this research is the economic relations of economic agents pertaining to implementation of blockchain technologies in the economic activity and formation of the new business models. The object is the types of economic activity of the national economy of the Russian Federation and their sensitivity to the diffusion of blockchain technologies. The article offers an algorithm for studying the dynamics of gross value added of the economic sectors of the Russian Federation through the prism of possible transformation of the key parameters of functionality of the financial and real sectors of the economy as a result of diffusion of blockchain technologies. Leaning on the advanced hypotheses, the author builds co-integration models for the indicated types of economic activity, which reveal the contribution of exogenous factors that are being adjusted under the pressure of infiltration of the distributed data storage technologies into the economic environment to the degree of incremental value added. This allows conducting cluster analysis of the economic sectors under review in accordance of their sensitivity to institutional changes caused by integration of the blockchain technologies into the economic environment.

The Impact of Consolidated Value Added Taxation on Innovation and Investment Processes: European Experience and Prospects for Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 321-331
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Rudenko ◽  
Ruslan Voloshchuk ◽  
Viktor Melnyk ◽  
Oksana Tsiupa
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
European Experience ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Today Ukraine is on the path to European integration, which requires the introduction of the best practices of European countries, including in terms of taxation of consolidated groups of enterprises. At present, in European countries, consolidated value added taxation is one of the ways to solve the problem of reducing the tax burden on business, providing enterprises with additional investment resources and stimulating their innovative development. In addition, the consolidated tax system reduces the cost of tax administration for both the state and business. Therefore, the issue of introducing value added tax is relevant for Ukrainian practice. The purpose of the research is to study the content and determine the specifics of consolidated value added taxation in European countries and to consider the possibilities of its application in Ukraine for innovation and investment processes intensifying. The specifics of the scientific tasks that are the subject of the study required the use of a set of special methods, the application of which helped to analyze the impact of consolidated value added taxation on innovation and investment processes in European countries. The study was conducted using quantitative methods, including comparative analysis, and qualitative methods, including case study. The study identified the essence and basic principles of consolidated value added taxation. Two types of consolidated VAT taxation in European countries are analyzed: the regime of full consolidation and the regime of partial consolidation. The advantages and disadvantages of consolidated VAT taxation for the state and taxpayers are substantiated. It was found out that in European countries, consolidated value added tax is aimed at improving the conditions of doing business and providing taxpayers with additional opportunities to apply special tax rules. As a result of the study, it was proved that the introduction of approaches in Ukraine that correspond to the European experience of consolidated VAT taxation will help to solve important tasks of bringing its tax system closer to foreign standards and intensifying innovation and investment processes at the micro- and macro levels.

Regional Competitiveness

2022 ◽  
pp. 150-170
Author(s):  
Miloš S. Krstić ◽  
Vladimir Radivojević
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the chapter was to model the impact of selected determinants (trade openness, human capital, entrepreneurship, and innovation) on regional competitiveness, as well as to propose future activities and measures required to be implemented to improve the competitive performance of the regions. The research was conducted on the sample of 18 regions in six European countries: Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Northern Macedonia, Montenegro, and Romania. The database was prepared, and the statistical processing was performed in SPSS. In this data analysis, the following methods were used: comparative analysis, correlation, and regression analysis. The results of the research showed that the impact of the determinants—import dependence, the number of pupils enrolled in secondary education, gross domestic expenditure on research and development, and the number of companies per 10,000 inhabitants on the competitiveness of the region—are (statistically) significant.

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