scholarly journals Energy aspects of using of water-hydrocarbons emulsion as a fuel for diesel engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 331-335
Author(s):  
Lech Sitnik ◽  
Maciej Dworaczyński ◽  
Piotr Haller
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Cavitation Effect ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
European Stationary Cycle ◽  
Engine Emission ◽  
Energy Aspects

The recent development of internal combustion engines (ICE) goes towards the meeting of increasingly stringent requirements imposed to reduce toxic exhaust emissions and fuel consumption and thus to strive for carbon dioxide abatement and against depletion of global natural resources. The research on engines fuelled by water-hydrocarbons emulsions has already a long tradition. So far, tests were based on emulsions obtained in chemical reactions. In this paper, similar analysis results have been presented, but the water-fuel emulsions used for the tests were obtained with making use of the cavitation effect. For this reason a unique cavitator was developed, which was then used to produce water-hydrocarbons emulsions of common, mineral and synthetic diesel fuel. Both of these fuels as well as their water emulsions with 20% water content by volume, were used for tests. The ESC (European Stationary Cycle) test conditions were determined and the engine was tested on engine dynamometer in accordance with the predetermined ESC test conditions. During the tests, under close scrutiny, engine emission and fuel consumption levels were measured . The tests it be more time repeat (with every liquid to engine fuelling was 34 times) to achieve the statistical assessment of the results. By the use of emulsions was found to result in a significant reduction in the consumption of diesel fuels . This result is statistically significant.

DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Positive Effects

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

Design and Operation of a Hybrid CCHP System Including PV-Wind Devices

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Wang ◽  
J. Y. Wu ◽  
C. Y. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Wind System ◽  
Fuel Price

CCHP systems based on internal combustion engines have been widely accepted as efficient distributed energy resources systems. CCHP systems can be efficient mainly because that the waste heat of engines can be recovered and used. If the waste heat is not used, CCHP systems may not be beneficial choices. PV-wind systems can generate electricity without fuel consumption, but the electric output depends on the weather, which is not reliable. A PV-wind system can be integrated into a CCHP system to form a higher efficient energy system. Actually, a hybrid energy system based on PV-wind devices and internal combustion engines has been studied by many researchers. But the waste heat of the engine is seldom considered in the previous work. Researches show that, 20∼30% energy can be converted into electricity by a small size engine while more than 70% is released. If the waste heat is not recovered, the system cannot reach a high efficiency. This work aims to analyze a hybrid CCHP system with PV-wind devices. Internal combustion engines are the prime movers whose waste heat is recovered for house heating or driving absorption chillers. PV-wind devices are added to reduce the fuel consumption and total cost. The optimal design method and optimal operation strategy are proposed basing on hourly analyses. Influences of the device cost and fuel price on the optimal dispatch strategies are discussed. Results show that all of the excess energy from the PV-wind system is not worth being stored by the battery. The hybrid CCHP system can be more economical and higher efficient in the studied case.

scholarly journals Experimental study on noise reduction and performance enhancement for internal combustion engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Ioan Radu Şugar ◽  
Mihai Banica
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
And Performance

As the number of cars increases and large cities become more and more crowded, noise reduction becomes more and more important. The decrease of the fuel consumption and the increase of power to the same cylindrical capacity are always current topics. This paper’s aim is to bring a contribution to solving these problems. The proposed solution consists in the use of ceramic materials in the design of the combustion chamber.

scholarly journals Camshaftless Technology on Internal Engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Van Viet Pham
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Valve ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Toothed Belt ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Exhaust Valves

Along with the development of internal combustion engines, camshafts have also been developed to optimize engine performance. In all types of internal combustion engines, the crankshaft is connected to the camshaft via a toothed belt, chain or pinion. When the crankshaft turns, the camshaft spins and opens and closes the intake and exhaust valve respectively. However, in this non-camshaft engine technology, each intake and exhaust valve will be integrated with an electronically controlled hydraulic pump unit. This system provides a unique ability to independently control intake and exhaust valves. For any engine load, load and discharge times can be programmed independently. The decision system is based on driving conditions, used to maximize performance or minimize fuel consumption and emissions. This allows a greater degree of control over the engine which in turn provides significant performance benefits. This article presents reviews of camshaftless technology developed by VALEO. It is a system that uses solenoid valves to open and close the valve. The solenoid valve will be mounted right on top of the valve inside the engine. The author can see that the technology using this electronic control valve will help reduce the fuel consumption of the engine.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF OPERATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES WORKING ONE BIOGAS FROM THE LANDFILL WASTES

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
T. V. Dykun ◽  
L. I. Haieva ◽  
F. V. Kozak ◽  
Ya. M. Demianchuk
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Effective Power ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Ice Leads

The problem of the effective use of traditional energy sources and the search for alternative resources is currently urgent. Today, in Ukraine, the low-calorie gas potential, which in large quantities is formed in landfills from solid household wastes, in particular biogas, is almost not used. The number of existing domestic installations for the disposal of this gas is insignificant. Today, this valuable resource in quantities of up to 1 billion cubic meters per year is emitted into the atmosphere contaminating it, or burned in flares. Rarely biogas is used in automotive internal combustion engines. However, replacing gasoline with biogas results in reduction in engine power and an increase in fuel consumption. Knowing the component composition of biogas, one can calculate the heat of its combustion and the heat of combustion of gas-air mixtures. According to the results of analytical studies, the graphic dependences of the change in effective power, torque and the effective specific biogas flow rate on engine revolutions were constructed and a comparison of these values with those of a petrol engine was performed. Dependencies show that the use of biogas as a fuel for the ICE leads to a significant reduction of the above parameters: in particular, the effective power decreases to 20%, torque to 22%, and the specific effective fuel consumption increases by 170%. However, due to the low cost of this type of automobile fuel and the considerable resource base for its obtaining in Ukraine, one can conclude - the use of biogas from landfills should be expanded and this is promising, in terms of energy independence of both separate economic entities and the state as a whole.

scholarly journals Fuel consumption in an air blower for agricultural use under different operating conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 579-584
Author(s):  
Robson L. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Otto Cycle ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Air Blower ◽  
Ethanol Blends

ABSTRACT Evaluation of fuel consumption in internal combustion engines (ICE) of agricultural machinery and equipment is important in determining the performance under various operating conditions, especially when using biofuels. This study consisted of experimental evaluation of the gasoline (petrol)/ethanol consumption in a two-stroke 1-cylinder ICE, Otto cycle, functioning as an air blower for agriculture and related applications. A methodology for tests of non-automotive ICE, based on ABNT/NBR technical standards, was considered. The presented results refer to operation with commercial and non-commercial fuel blends. Characteristic curves for the tested equipment are presented, identifying consumption conditions and trend in the whole operating range of angular speeds (RPM), for five fuel blends (gasoline/ethanol). For the operating conditions of minimum and maximum angular speeds, 20 and 30% ethanol blends had the highest and lowest fuel consumptions, respectively.

Reducing Cost and Environmental Impacts through Hybrid Power Options

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haakon Lindstad ◽  
Gunnar S. Eskeland ◽  
Hans Mørch ◽  
Harilaos Psaraftis ◽  
Inge Sandaas
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Hybrid Solutions ◽  
Operational Range ◽  
Fuel Costs

Power solutions for seagoing vessels have typically been designed to enable operation at maximum economic speeds based on hydrodynamic considerations, and to ensure that vessels have the necessary power to be seaworthy and maneuverable in heavy weather and in high sea states. Historically, fuel costs have been low compared to fixed and other variable costs, but more recently, rising fuel prices and environmental concerns have made it more attractive to reduce fuel consumption through lower steaming speeds. Since speed reduction drastically reduces power requirements, it has become common to operate at 15 to 50% of the installed power in calm to moderate sea conditions. When engines operate at low power, fuel consumption per kWh produced power increases slightly, while the emissions of exhaust gases increase rapidly due to incomplete combustion. This study investigates flexible hybrid power solutions, i.e. power take out (PTO), power take in (PTI) and batteries in combination with internal combustion engines. The focus is on the full operational range from being idle at berth to the peak power needed in critical situations in high sea states. Our results indicate that hybrid solutions are cost-competitive with traditional engine setups. They also reduce the environmental impact, including greenhouse gas emissions and cost effectively satisfies IMO’s energy efficiency requirements (EEDI).

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