scholarly journals Bicycle Infrastructure in Participation Activity in the Łódź City

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Marta Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
Bicycle Infrastructure

In the recent years, increasing popularity of multimodal transport is observed in high and medium developed countries. Besides public transport, bicycles are the key element in that form of communication mobility through urban areas. Bicycles are also desirable by city dwellers. Projects for cyclists are welcome, which is visible (for example) in participation activity in Łódź. However, some of these propositions are incorrect. The main aim of this paper is presentation and analysis of these realizations, base on cyclists' needs, their conflicts with drivers and city's cycling policy. Proposed studies will show directions of future changes to repair the current situation.

scholarly journals Transport systems for cyclists

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Marta Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
Bicycle Infrastructure ◽  
Space Activities

In the recent years, increasing popularity of multimodal transport is observed in high and medium developed countries. Besides public transport, bicycles are the key element in that form of communication mobility through urban areas. Their growing importance brings development infrastructure for cyclists and their more visible participation in public space activities. The main aim of this paper is presentation and analysis of new projects and concepts of bicycle transport systems. This analysis includes reveal the benefits for cyclists and points advantages and disadvantages for pedestrians and public transport. Proposed studies will show directions of future transformation of bicycle infrastructure favorable for the most of city's users.

scholarly journals EVALUATING SIGNIFICANT FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PUBLIC TRANSPORT USAGE IN KERMAN, IRAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azin Bahreini ◽  
Hamed Mirzaei ◽  
Mehdi Moeinaddini ◽  
Zohreh Asadi-Shekari ◽  
Muhammad Zaly Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
The People ◽  
Parking Demand ◽  
Significant Factors

Although public transport is recommended to develop a sustainable transport system, the percentage of daily trips by public transport in Iran specifically in medium sized cities such as Kerman is very low. Currently, efforts are being made to indicate significant factors that prevent public transport usage in developed countries but few studies have been conducted in developing countries. Only a few studies have considered public transport usage in Iranian megacities and medium sized cities such as Kerman require more attention. Therefore, this study tries to identify effective factors that influence public transport usage in urban areas in developing countries like Iran and in medium sized cities like Kerman. In addition, this study tries to investigate various ways to increase public transport ridership. The people awareness regarding benefits of public transport usage is also tested in this study. This study uses questionnaire and observation to collect data. The descriptive analysis based on the collected data shows that most of the people are aware of public transport benefits. These benefits include environment protection, reduction in parking demand and traffic congestion, lower travel cost (compare with private vehicle), fewer mental stresses, more safety, and being more convenient. Although people are aware of public transport benefits, there are some issues that prevent them to use public transport properly. Insufficient information about public transport schedules, lack of attractive facilities and suitable waiting stations and inadequate reliability are examples of issues that discourage people to use public transport. The results show that some improvements such as providing suitable information about public transport schedules, considering comfortable facilities to increase attractiveness, improving waiting facilities and reliability can encourage people to use public transport.

scholarly journals Modeling a Distance-Based Preferential Fare Scheme for Park-and-Ride Services in a Multimodal Transport Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2644
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Chen ◽  
Ruyang Yin ◽  
Qinhe An ◽  
Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
Transport Modes

This paper investigates a distance-based preferential fare scheme for park-and-ride (P&R) services in a multimodal transport network. P&R is a sustainable commuting approach in large urban areas where the service coverage rate of conventional public transport modes (e.g., train and bus) is poor/low. However, P&R services in many cities are less attractive compared to auto and other public transport modes, especially for P&R facilities sited far away from the city center. To address this issue, this paper proposes a distance-based preferential fare scheme for P&R services in which travelers who choose the P&R mode get a discount. The longer the distance they travel by train, the better the concessional price they get. A multimodal transport network equilibrium model with P&R services is developed to evaluate the impacts of the proposed distance-based fare scheme. The travelers’ mode choice behavior is modeled by the multinomial logit (MNL) discrete choice model, and their route choice behavior is depicted by the user equilibrium condition. A mathematical programming model is then built and subsequently solved by the outer approximation method. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed distance-based preferential fare scheme can effectively motivate travelers to use a P&R service and significantly enhance the transport network’s performance.

scholarly journals Visionary realizations and concepts for the development of bicycle infrastructure in cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Marta Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Bicycle Infrastructure

More and more increase of bicycle traffic is observed in high and medium developed countries. Consequently, existing solutions for bicycle infrastructure seem to be insufficient. There is a need to develop infrastructure for cyclists in more contemporary way. The main aim of this paper is presentation and analysis of new projects and concepts of bicycle transport systems. This analysis includes reveal the benefits for cyclists and points advantages and disadvantages for pedestrians and public transport. Proposed studies will show directions of future transformation of bicycle infrastructure favorable for the most of city's users.

scholarly journals EVALUATING SIGNIFICANT FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PUBLIC TRANSPORT USAGE IN KERMAN, IRAN

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azin Bahreini ◽  
Hamed Mirzan ◽  
Mehdi Moeinaddini ◽  
Zohreh Asadi-Shekari ◽  
Muhammad Zaly Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
The People ◽  
Parking Demand ◽  
Significant Factors

Although public transport is recommended to develop a sustainable transport system, the percentage of daily trips by public transport in Iran specifically in medium sized cities such as Kerman is very low. Currently, efforts are being made to indicate significant factors that prevent public transport usage in developed countries but few studies have been conducted in developing countries. Only a few studies have considered public transport usage in Iranian megacities and medium sized cities such as Kerman require more attention. Therefore, this study tries to identify effective factors that influence public transport usage in urban areas in developing countries like Iran and in medium sized cities like Kerman. In addition, this study tries to investigate various ways to increase public transport ridership. The people awareness regarding benefits of public transport usage is also tested in this study. This study uses questionnaire and observation to collect data. The descriptive analysis based on the collected data shows that most of the people are aware of public transport benefits. These benefits include environment protection, reduction in parking demand and traffic congestion, lower travel cost (compare with private vehicle), fewer mental stresses, more safety, and being more convenient. Although people are aware of public transport benefits, there are some issues that prevent them to use public transport properly. Insufficient information about public transport schedules, lack of attractive facilities and suitable waiting stations and inadequate reliability are examples of issues that discourage people to use public transport. The results show that some improvements such as providing suitable information about public transport schedules, considering comfortable facilities to increase attractiveness, improving waiting facilities and reliability can encourage people to use public transport.

Study on the separated bus lanes effectiveness in city centres

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafaa Saleh ◽  
Robert Ziolkowski
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – Under deteriorating conditions of travelling in urban areas, especially city centers, prioritization of public transport is one of the main ways of its enhancing. In developed countries sophisticated control traffic systems are being implemented while in developing countries such solutions due to implementation cost are very rare. The purpose of this paper is to assess public transport operational effectiveness under diverse operational schemes present in two similar in size and traffic characteristics cities. The assessment is based on average journey times and speeds during peak and off peak hours. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology includes measurements and estimates of bus rides through in-field measurements in Edinburgh, UK and in Bialystok, Poland. In-field evaluations have been conducted using average speed and travel times. The data were collected by utilizing a portable GPS data logger that allowed monitoring and recording bus position along tested streets in one second intervals. Traffic optimization in Edinburgh is provided by separated bus lanes and control urban traffic system while in Bialystok the only prioritization is supported by bus lanes. The research areas in Edinburgh and in Bialystok covered streets in city centers and adjacent districts. Findings – The findings show large operational potential in developing separated bus lanes in city centers of developing countries when due to cost they cannot afford implementing advanced ITS solutions. The introduction of bus lanes should be proceeded even at the expense of individual users. It has been found that well developed road network in city center with separated bus lanes can provide operating speed at comparable levels to speed of buses operating along lower volume corridors. Originality/value – The comparison of bus lanes working under different traffic management conditions was carried out. Conducted analyses showed great potential of proper planning strategy of road network development toward the improvement of public transport performance.

scholarly journals A GIS-Based Methodology for Evaluating the Increase in Multimodal Transport between Bicycle and Rail Transport Systems. A Case Study in Palermo

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Alessandro Emilio Capodici ◽  
Gabriele D’Orso ◽  
Marco Migliore
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Modal Choice ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Multimodal Transport

Background: In a world where every municipality is pursuing the goals of more sustainable mobility, bicycles play a fundamental role in getting rid of private cars and travelling by an eco-friendly mode of transport. Additionally, private and shared bikes can be used as a feeder transit system, solving the problem of the first- and last-mile trips. Thanks to GIS (Geographic Information System) software, it is possible to evaluate the effectiveness of such a sustainable means of transport in future users’ modal choice. Methods: Running an accessibility analysis of cycling and rail transport services, the potential mobility demand attracted by these services and the possible multimodality between bicycle and rail transport systems can be assessed. Moreover, thanks to a modal choice model calibrated for high school students, it could be verified if students will be really motivated to adopt this solution for their home-to-school trips. Results: The GIS-based analysis showed that almost half of the active population in the study area might potentially abandon the use of their private car in favour of a bike and its combination with public transport systems; furthermore, the percentage of the students of one high school of Palermo, the Einstein High School, sharply increases from 1.5% up to 10.1%, thanks also to the combination with the rail transport service. Conclusions: The GIS-based methodology shows that multimodal transport can be an effective way to pursue a more sustainable mobility in cities and efficiently connect suburbs with low-frequent public transport services to the main public transport nodes.

scholarly journals Neighborhood sidewalk environment and incidence of dementia in older Japanese adults: the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukako Tani ◽  
Masamichi Hanazato ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara ◽  
Norimichi Suzuki ◽  
Katsunori Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Incidence Of Dementia

Abstract Sidewalks are indispensable environmental resources for daily life in that they encourage physical activity. However, the percentage of sidewalks installation is low even in developed countries. We examined the association between neighborhood sidewalk environment and dementia in Japan. We conducted a 3-year follow-up (2010-2013) among participants in a Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a population-based cohort study of community-dwelling older adults. We ascertained the incidence of dementia for 76,053 participants from the public long-term care insurance system. We calculated sidewalk coverage (sidewalk area as a percentage of road area) within 436 residential neighborhood units using the geographic information system. Multilevel survival models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the incidence of dementia. During the follow-up, 5310 dementia cases were found. In urban areas, compared with the lowest quartile for sidewalk coverage, the HR was 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33–0.54) for the highest quartile, adjusting for individual covariates. After successive adjustments for other neighborhood factors (land slope, numbers of hospitals, grocery stores, parks, stations and bus stops, education level, and unemployment rate), the HR remained statistically significant (HR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.59–0.94). Living in neighborhoods with high sidewalks installation was associated with low dementia incidence in urban areas.

scholarly journals Social distancing in public transport: mobilising new technologies for demand management under the Covid-19 crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hörcher ◽  
Ramandeep Singh ◽  
Daniel J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
New Information ◽  
Occupancy Rates

AbstractDense urban areas are especially hardly hit by the Covid-19 crisis due to the limited availability of public transport, one of the most efficient means of mass mobility. In light of the Covid-19 pandemic, public transport operators are experiencing steep declines in demand and fare revenues due to the perceived risk of infection within vehicles and other facilities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of implementing social distancing in public transport in line with epidemiological advice. Social distancing requires effective demand management to keep vehicle occupancy rates under a predefined threshold, both spatially and temporally. We review the literature of five demand management methods enabled by new information and ticketing technologies: (i) inflow control with queueing, (ii) time and space dependent pricing, (iii) capacity reservation with advance booking, (iv) slot auctioning, and (v) tradeable travel permit schemes. Thus the paper collects the relevant literature into a single point of reference, and provides interpretation from the viewpoint of practical applicability during and after the pandemic.

Epidemiology of Twin Births in Southeast China: 1993–2005

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 608-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinrong Lu ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Yinghui Liu ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Yanyu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Twin Birth

Recently, there has been a significant increase in the rate of multiple births in most developed countries. However, few population-based studies have been conducted in China regarding the epidemiology of twin births in recent years. We performed a descriptive analysis of twin births from 1993 to 2005 using data from a population-based perinatal care program in southeast China. The twin birth rate in southeast China was 0.65%, and the twin birth rates from 1993 to 2005 fluctuated between 0.60% and 0.70%. During the three periods of 1993–1996, 1997–2000, and 2001–2005, the twin birth rate increased from 0.57% to 0.71% in urban areas (p = .005) and from 0.59% to 0.68% in mothers who had an education level of high school or higher (p = .046). After 2000, the twin birth rate of primiparae 30 years of age and older significantly increased from 0.72% to greater than 1.20%. We concluded that the twin birth rates in southeast China from 1993 to 2005 stayed constant in the overall population but increased in certain subgroups of women, presumably due to increased use of fertility treatment and the development of assisted reproductive technology.

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