scholarly journals A Novel Biologging Tag that Minimizes the Hydrodynamic Loading on Marine Animals

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Aarushi Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Flow Separation ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Hydrodynamic Loading ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Drag And Lift ◽  
Starting Model ◽  
The Impact

Although biologging tags, which are externally attached sensor packages deployed on marine animals, have become essential conservation tools, a core issue with current tag designs is that they are rarely tested for hydrodynamics and may generate substantial hydrodynamic loading (drag and lift forces) on animals. This may cause tags to impede animal physiology, give rise to injuries at the site of attachment, and cause tags to relay unrepresentative data. This study aims to design a new biologging tag form that houses the DTAG3 electronics and reduces the total drag and lift induced on marine animals. One starting model (GPS Phone Tag referred to as Model 0), three iterations, and the final design (Model D), were constructed using CAD software. They were tested with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to obtain and analyze the drag and lift force. All models were tested at speeds between 1-5 m/s, with 400 trials. The Model D includes a narrow elliptical shape to maintain laminar boundary layers, a pointed tail shape to avoid flow separation, canards for frontal downforce, tabs to reduce form drag, streamlined hydrophones, and dimples to delay flow separation. The CFD simulation results demonstrated that Model D reduced drag by up to 56% and lift by upto 86% compared to Model 0. These results show the potential benefit of this design in reducing the impact of biologging tags on the behavior and energetics of marine animals, and in providing an unbiased and holistic view of the animal behavior for conservation management actions.

Chasing the phantom: biogeography and conservation of Vipera latastei-monticola in the Maghreb (North Africa)

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Freitas ◽  
Soumia Fahd ◽  
Guillermo Velo-Antón ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Freiría
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Suitable Space ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Maghreb region (North Africa) constitutes a major component of the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot. During the last centuries, a consistent human population growth has led to an unprecedented rate of habitat transformation and loss in the region and thus, threatening its biodiversity. The Western Mediterranean viper Vipera latastei-monticola inhabits humid and subhumid areas in the main mountain ranges of the Maghreb, facing such threatening factors; however, its elusive character and rarity hindered data collection for distinct biological purposes. Here, we study the biogeographical patterns and conservation status of the Maghrebian V. latastei-monticola resulting from recent sampling campaigns in Morocco and Tunisia. We update species distribution, and integrate phylogeographic and ecological niche modelling analyses at both species and lineage level to identify suitable areas, and to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic transformation and level of protection of their suitable space. We identified four highly divergent mitochondrial lineages, including a new lineage endemic to the Western High Atlas, with allopatric distributions and restricted to mountain ranges, supporting the role of mountains as past climatic refugia. Despite the remoteness of suitable areas, we report widespread habitat degradation and identify the low effectiveness of the current protected areas system in preserving the species and lineages range. Our study shows the urgent need to apply management actions for the long-term conservation of this vulnerable species and suggests a revaluation of the specific status of V. monticola, as these populations likely represent an ecotype of V. latastei.

scholarly journals Crisis Management in Higher Education in the Time of Covid-19: The Case of Actor Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Anna McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Actor Training ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Frequency Words

The impact of Covid-19 placed Higher Education leadership in a state of crisis management, where decision making had to be swift and impactful. This research draws on ethea of mindfulness, actor training techniques, referencing high-reliability organisations (HRO). Interviews conducted by the author with three leaders of actor training conservatoires in Higher Education institutions in Australia, the UK and the USA reflect on crisis management actions taken in response to the impact of Covid-19 on their sector, from which high-frequency words are identified and grouped thematically. Reflecting on these high-frequency words and the thematic grouping, a model of mindful leadership is proposed as a positive tool that may enable those in leadership to recognise and respond efficiently to wider structural frailties within Higher Education, with reference to the capacity of leaders to operate with increased mindfulness, enabling a more resilient organisation that unlocks the locus of control.

scholarly journals Numerical analysis of high-lift configurations with oscillating flaps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Ruhland ◽  
Christian Breitsamter
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Flow Separation ◽  
Separated Flow ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Rotational Axis ◽  
High Lift ◽  
Hinge Point ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Flap Deflection ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study presents two-dimensional aerodynamic investigations of various high-lift configuration settings concerning the deflection angles of droop nose, spoiler and flap in the context of enhancing the high-lift performance by dynamic flap movement. The investigations highlight the impact of a periodically oscillating trailing edge flap on lift, drag and flow separation of the high-lift configuration by numerical simulations. The computations are conducted with regard to the variation of the parameters reduced frequency and the position of the rotational axis. The numerical flow simulations are conducted on a block-structured grid using Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes simulations employing the shear stress transport $$k-\omega $$ k - ω turbulence model. The feature Dynamic Mesh Motion implements the motion of the oscillating flap. Regarding low-speed wind tunnel testing for a Reynolds number of $$0.5 \times 10^{6}$$ 0.5 × 10 6 the flap movement around a dropped hinge point, which is located outside the flap, offers benefits with regard to additional lift and delayed flow separation at the flap compared to a flap movement around a hinge point, which is located at 15 % of the flap chord length. Flow separation can be suppressed beyond the maximum static flap deflection angle. By means of an oscillating flap around the dropped hinge point, it is possible to reattach a separated flow at the flap and to keep it attached further on. For a Reynolds number of $$20 \times 10^6$$ 20 × 10 6 , reflecting full scale flight conditions, additional lift is generated for both rotational axis positions.

scholarly journals Robots for Elderly Care in the Home: A Landscape Analysis and Co-Design Toolkit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Bardaro ◽  
Alessio Antonini ◽  
Enrico Motta
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Robotic Platform ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Personal Assistants ◽  
Healthcare Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractOver the last two decades, several deployments of robots for in-house assistance of older adults have been trialled. However, these solutions are mostly prototypes and remain unused in real-life scenarios. In this work, we review the historical and current landscape of the field, to try and understand why robots have yet to succeed as personal assistants in daily life. Our analysis focuses on two complementary aspects: the capabilities of the physical platform and the logic of the deployment. The former analysis shows regularities in hardware configurations and functionalities, leading to the definition of a set of six application-level capabilities (exploration, identification, remote control, communication, manipulation, and digital situatedness). The latter focuses on the impact of robots on the daily life of users and categorises the deployment of robots for healthcare interventions using three types of services: support, mitigation, and response. Our investigation reveals that the value of healthcare interventions is limited by a stagnation of functionalities and a disconnection between the robotic platform and the design of the intervention. To address this issue, we propose a novel co-design toolkit, which uses an ecological framework for robot interventions in the healthcare domain. Our approach connects robot capabilities with known geriatric factors, to create a holistic view encompassing both the physical platform and the logic of the deployment. As a case study-based validation, we discuss the use of the toolkit in the pre-design of the robotic platform for an pilot intervention, part of the EU large-scale pilot of the EU H2020 GATEKEEPER project.

Can farm-management practices reduce the impact of house mouse populations on crops in an irrigated farming system?

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Brown ◽  
Micah J. Davies ◽  
Grant R. Singleton ◽  
J. David Croft
Keyword(s):  
House Mouse ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The impacts of a range of farm-management practices on house mouse (Mus domesticus) populations were tested in a large replicated field study in a complex irrigated farming system in southern New South Wales, Australia. An advisory panel, made up of farmers, extension officers, industry representatives and scientists developed a series of best-practice farm-management actions to minimise the impact of mice. Twelve experimental sites were split into six treated sites, where farmers were encouraged to conduct the recommended practices, and six untreated sites, where farmers conducted their normal farming practices. Mouse abundance was generally low to moderate for the 4-year project (5–60% adjusted trap success). We found significant reductions in population abundance of mice on treated sites when densities were moderate, but no differences when densities were low. Biomass of weeds and grasses around the perimeter of crops were significantly lower on treated sites because of applications of herbicide sprays and grazing by sheep. We could not detect any significant difference in mouse damage to crops between treated and untreated sites; however, levels of damage were low (<5%). Yields of winter cereals and rice crops were significantly higher on treated sites by up to 40%. An analysis of benefits and costs of conducting farming practices on treated sites compared with untreated sites showed a 2 : 1 benefit to cost ratio for winter cereals, 9 : 1 for rice and 4 : 1 for soybeans.

Effect of Buoyancy and Density Ratio on Heat Transfer in a Smooth Cooling Channel of a Gas Turbine Blade

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana S. Saravani ◽  
Saman Beyhaghi ◽  
Ryoichi S. Amano
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Buoyancy Effect ◽  
Square Channel ◽  
First Case ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
The Impact

The present work investigates the effects of buoyancy and density ratio on the thermal performance of a rotating two-pass square channel. The U-bend configuration with smooth walls is selected for this study. The channel has a square cross-section with a hydraulic diameter of 5.08 cm (2 inches). The lengths of the first and second passes are 514 mm and 460 mm, respectively. The turbulent flow enters the channel with Reynolds numbers of up to 34,000. The rotational speed varies from 0 to 600 rpm with the rotational numbers up to 0.75. For this study, two approaches are considered for tracking the buoyancy effect on heat transfer. In the first case, the density ratio is set constant, and the rotational speed is varied. In the second case, the density ratio is changed in the stationary case, and the effect of density ratio is discussed. The range of Buoyancy number along the channel is 0–6. The objective is to investigate the impact of Buoyancy forces on a broader range of rotation number (0–0.75) and Buoyancy number scales (0–6), and their combined effects on heat transfer coefficient for a channel with aspect ratio of 1:1. Several computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation are carried out for this study, and some of the results are validated against experimental data.

Experimental Investigations on the Efficiency of Active Flow Control in a Compressor Cascade With Periodic Non-Steady Outflow Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Staats ◽  
Wolfgang Nitsche
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Flow Control ◽  
Flow Separation ◽  
Active Flow Control ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Steady Regime ◽  
Stator Blade ◽  
Active Flow ◽  
The Impact

We present results of experiments on a periodically unsteady compressor stator flow of the type which would be expected in consequence of pulsed combustion. A Reynolds number of Re = 600000 was used for the investigations. The experiments were conducted on the two-dimensional low-speed compressor testing facility in Berlin. A choking device downstream the trailing edges induced a periodic non-steady outflow condition to each stator vane which simulated the impact of a pressure gaining combuster downstream from the last stator. The Strouhal number of the periodic disturbance was Sr = 0.03 w.r.t. the stator chord length. Due to the periodic non-steady outflow condition, the flow-field suffers from periodic flow separation phenomena, which were managed by means of active flow control. In our case, active control of the corner separation was applied using fluidic actuators based on the principle of fluidic amplification. The flow separation on the centre region of the stator blade was suppressed by means of a fluidic blade actuator leading to an overall time-averaged loss reduction of 11.5%, increasing the static pressure recovery by 6.8% while operating in the non-steady regime. Pressure measurements on the stator blade and the wake as well as PIV data proved the beneficial effect of the active flow control application to the flow field and the improvement of the compressor characteristics. The actuation efficiency was evaluated by two figures of merit introduced in this contribution.

The Impact of Predried Lignite Cofiring With Hard Coal in an Industrial Scale Pulverized Coal Fired Boiler

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Pawlak-Kruczek ◽  
Robert Lewtak ◽  
Zbigniew Plutecki ◽  
Marcin Baranowski ◽  
Michal Ostrycharczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the experimental and numerical study on the behavior and performance of an industrial scale boiler during combustion of pulverized bituminous coal with various shares of predried lignite. The experimental measurements were carried out on a boiler WP120 located in CHP, Opole, Poland. Tests on the boiler were performed during low load operation and the lignite share reached over to 36% by mass. The predried lignite, kept in dedicated separate bunkers, was mixed with bituminous coal just before the coal mills. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of a cofiring scenario of lignite with hard coal was also performed. Site measurements have proven that cofiring of a predried lignite is not detrimental to the boiler in terms of its overall efficiency, when compared with a corresponding reference case, with 100% of hard coal. Experiments demonstrated an improvement in the grindability that can be achieved during co-milling of lignite and hard coal in the same mill, for both wet and dry lignite. Moreover, performed tests delivered empirical evidence of the potential of lignite to decrease NOx emissions during cofiring, for both wet and dry lignite. Results of efficiency calculations and temperature measurements in the combustion chamber confirmed the need to predry lignite before cofiring. Performed measurements of temperature distribution in the combustion chamber confirmed trend that could be seen in the results of CFD. CFD simulations were performed for predried lignite and demonstrated flow patterns in the combustion chamber of the boiler, which could prove useful in case of any further improvements in the firing system. CFD simulations reached satisfactory agreement with the site measurements in terms of the prediction of emissions.

scholarly journals CARING FOR THE CAREGIVER: EXPLORING THE EXPERIENCE OF CAREGIVING FOR A CHID WITH MEDICAL COMPLEXITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. e55-e56
Author(s):  
Jessica Teicher ◽  
Natalie Weiser ◽  
Danielle Arje ◽  
Julia Orkin
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Medical Educator ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
The Family ◽  
Medical Complexity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Caregiver Burnout

Abstract BACKGROUND Children with medical complexity (CMC) represent a growing population in the paediatric healthcare system. CMCs’ multiple health needs, illness severity, and fragility lead to a high degree of caregiver burnout, parental employment loss, and other social and financial consequences. Healthcare providers must consider a holistic view of the family, including consideration of social determinants of health [SDOH]: socio-economic status, employment, quality of housing, availability of social support, and access to healthcare services. This study addresses a gap in current research by exploring how caring for a CMC exacerbates social inequalities, and how these challenges may be mitigated. OBJECTIVES 1. What are the SDOH impacting CMC and their families? 2. How do families report the impact of their child’s medical complexity on their social circumstances? DESIGN/METHODS A qualitative description approach was used to enable rich data collection through semi-structured interviews until thematic saturation was reached. Nine interviews were conducted with CMC caregivers who were chosen by purposeful sampling. The interview guide was developed by expert consultation and iteratively refined. Ethics approval and written consent were obtained. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Three team members independently coded the interviews for recurrent themes to inform qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Caregiving for a CMC is all-consuming, requiring parents to take on roles including planner, medical professional, medical educator, and advocate. Parents of CMC report three major areas negatively impacted by caregiving: 1) physical and mental health; 2) personal relationships; and 3) finances. Additionally, three themes emerged describing enablers for resiliency: 1) the CMC’s health status when well or stable in hospital; 2) acceptance of one’s limitations as a caregiver and of the family’s ‘new normal’; and 3) broad supports including medical, personal, financial, and educational. CONCLUSION The wellbeing of CMC families is impacted by medical and social factors. An interdisciplinary model of care may offset some of the caregiver’s advocacy and medical educator responsibilities. Paediatricians can support families of CMC by providing comprehensive care for all components of the child’s health status, and by including routine assessment of the family’s SDOH. Finally, explicit discussion about parental expectations and caregiver burnout helps foster a positive therapeutic relationship with the family.

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