scholarly journals Inverter Control Performance Study on Solar PV Systems and Its Effect on Power Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Energy Curve ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Grid Connection

Power generation faces a major challenge in meeting peak load requirements. Energy suppliers are highly dependent on fossil fuels due to the limited resources of non-renewable energy production. Therefore, researchers and scientists are looking for distributed generators (DGs) to provide additional power during peak periods of the energy curve. Solar energy gives them an extra twist to meet the load demand during this time. As a result, the grid-based solar photovoltaic (PV) system is attracting particular attention from researchers and industry in order to reduce the burden of fossil fuel power generation. Single-stage and two-stage photovoltaic systems are suitable for grid connection with or without battery holder. This article provides a comprehensive overview of a grid connected solar system. The entire architecture of the on-grid photovoltaic system includes the construction of a photovoltaic generator, MPPT methods and DC-DC converters.

Impact of Storage Integrated Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Power System on Utility Peak Loads

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Agyenim-Boateng ◽  
R. F. Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Grid Load ◽  
The Impact

The promise of large-scale use of renewables such as wind and solar for supplying electrical power is tempered by the sources’ transient behavior and the impact this would have on the operation of the grid. One way of addressing this is through the use of supplemental energy storage. While the technology for the latter has not been proven on a large scale or to be economical at the present time, some assessments of what magnitude is required can be made. In performing this work we have used NREL’s Solar Advisor Model (SAM 2010) with TMY3 solar data to estimate the photovoltaic system power generation. Climatic conditions close to load centers were chosen for the simulations. Then the PV output for varying sizes of arrays were examined and the impact of varying amounts of storage investigated. The storage was characterized by maximum limiting energy and power capacities based on annual hourly peak load, as well as its charging and discharging efficiencies. The simulations were performed using hourly time steps with energy withdrawn from, or input to, storage only after considering base generation and the PV system output in serving the grid load. In this work, we examined the load matching capability of solar PV generation (orientated for maximum summer output) for a sample Southwestern US utility grid load of 2008. Specifically we evaluated the daily and seasonal peak load shifting with employing varying storage capacities. The annual average energy penetration based on the usable solar PV output is also examined under these conditions and at different levels of system flexibility.

scholarly journals A Modular Multilevel Converter with an Advanced PWM Control Technique for Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Safa Haq ◽  
Shuvra Prokash Biswas ◽  
Md. Kamal Hosain ◽  
Md. Ashib Rahman ◽  
Md. Rabiul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Modulation Technique

Due to global warming and shortage of fossil fuels, the grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system has gained significant popularity all over the world. The modular multilevel cascaded (MMC) inverter is the natural choice for step-up transformer and line filter less direct medium voltage grid integration of solar PV systems. However, power quality and loss are the important issues while connecting the PV system to the medium voltage grid through MMC inverter. Modulation technique is the key to maintain output power quality, e.g., total harmonic distortion (THD) and to ensure low switching and conduction losses. In this paper, an advanced modulation technique named “triangle saturated common mode pulse width modulation (TSCMPWM)” control is proposed for a 3-phase 5-level MMC inverter-based grid-tied PV system. Compared to traditional modulation techniques, the proposed TSCMPWM control offers the lowest voltage THD as well as lower inverter power losses. Performance of the proposed modulation technique is evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink environment and tested with a reduced scale prototype test platform. Both simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed modulation technique.

Evaluation of Faults in a DC Grid-Connected Solar Systems of Ships

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Ganesan Karthikeyan ◽  
David Prince Winston ◽  
Ananthan Bhuvanesh ◽  
Kannan Gangatharan
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFulfilling the increasing demand for electricity is a huge challenge worldwide. At the same time, dependence on fossil fuels for power generation and its enervation is becoming a severe concern as fossil fuels will be unavailable after 25 years. Hence, research needs to be focused on minimizing the dependence on fossil fuels for power generation especially in the shipping industry. This study aims to implement the solar photovoltaic (PV) system in a ship so as to investigate the possible difficulties related to fault detection and islanding protection methods of a direct current (DC)grid-tied solar PV system in a ship. The simulations have been modeled using an Arduino Uno R3 with IC ATMEGA 328P controller in Proteus PCB Design and Simulation software. In faulty conditions, the impact of the faults on the grid is very critical. Hence, it is essential to identify faults immediately and island the grid.

scholarly journals Standalone and Minigrid-Connected Solar Energy Systems for Rural Application in Rwanda: An In Situ Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Kuo-Chi Chang ◽  
Noel Hagumimana ◽  
Jishi Zheng ◽  
Godwin Norense Osarumwense Asemota ◽  
Jean De Dieu Niyonteze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Product Price

In recent years, several factors such as environmental pollution, declining fossil fuel supplies, and product price volatility have led to most countries investing in renewable energy sources. In particular, the development of photovoltaic (PV) microgrids, which can be standalone, off-grid connected or grid-connected, is seen as one of the most viable solutions that could help developing countries such as Rwanda to minimize problems related to energy shortage. The country’s current electrification rate is estimated to be 59.7%, and hydropower remains Rwanda’s primary source of energy (with over 43.8% of its total energy supplies) despite advances in solar technology. In order to provide affordable electricity to low-income households, the government of Rwanda has pledged to achieve 48% of its overal electrification goals from off-grid solar systems by 2024. In this paper, we develop a cost-effective power generation model for a solar PV system to power households in rural areas in Rwanda at a reduced cost. A performance comparison between a single household and a microgrid PV system is conducted by developing efficient and low-cost off-grid PV systems. The battery model for these two systems is 1.6 kWh daily load with 0.30 kW peak load for a single household and 193.05 kWh/day with 20.64 kW peak load for an off-grid PV microgrid. The hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software is used to determine the system size and its life cycle cost including the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and net present cost (NPC) for each of these power generation models. The analysis shows that the optimal system’s NPC, LCOE, electricity production, and operating cost are estimated to 1,166,898.0 USD, 1.28 (USD/kWh), 221, and 715.0 (kWh per year, 37,965.91 (USD per year), respectively, for microgrid and 9284.4(USD), 1.23 (USD/kWh), and 2426.0 (kWh per year, 428.08 (USD per year), respectively, for a single household (standalone). The LCOE of a standalone PV system of an independent household was found to be cost-effective compared with a microgrid PV system that supplies electricity to a rural community in Rwanda.

scholarly journals Design of a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic System with a Novel Bi-Reflector PV System (BRPVS) and Optimal Control Mechanism: An Experimental Study

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Kamran Zeb ◽  
Waqar Uddin ◽  
P. Sathishkumar ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
The Cost

Environment protection and energy saving are the most attractive trends in zero-carbon buildings. The most promising and environmentally friendly technique is building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), which can also replace conventional buildings based on non-renewable energy. Despite the recent advances in technology, the cost of BIPV systems is still very high. Hence, reducing the cost is a major challenge. This paper examines and validates the effectiveness of low-cost aluminum (Al) foil as a reflector. The design and the performance of planer-reflector for BIPV systems are analyzed in detail. A Bi-reflector solar PV system (BRPVS) with thin film Al-foil reflector and an LLC converter for a BIPV system is proposed and experimented with a 400-W prototype. A cadmium–sulfide (CdS) photo-resistor sensor and an Arduino-based algorithm was developed to control the working of the reflectors. Furthermore, the effect of Al-foil reflectors on the temperature of PV module has been examined. The developed LLC converter confirmed stable output voltage despite large variation in input voltage proving its effectiveness for the proposed BRPVS. The experimental results of the proposed BRPVS with an Al-reflector of the same size as that of the solar PV module offered an enhancement of 28.47% in the output power.

scholarly journals Design, Modeling, and Experimental Investigation of Active Water Cooling Concentrating Photovoltaic System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed R. Gomaa ◽  
Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah ◽  
Ali Alahmer ◽  
Hegazy Rezk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Coolant Fluid ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Pv System ◽  
The Cost

This work presents performance study of a concentrating photovoltaic/thermal (CPV/T) collector and its efficiency to produce electric and thermal power under different operating conditions. The study covers a detailed description of flat photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) and CPV/T systems using water as a cooling working fluid, numerical model analysis, and qualitative evaluation of thermal and electrical output. The aim of this study was to achieve higher efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) system while reducing the cost of generating power. Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) cells with low-cost reflectors were used to enhance the efficiency of the PV system and simultaneously reduce the cost of electricity generation. For this purpose, a linear Fresnel flat mirror (LFFM) integrated with a PV system was used for low-concentration PV cells (LCPV). To achieve the maximum benefit, water as a coolant fluid was used to study the ability of actively cooling PV cells, since the electrical power of the CPV system is significantly affected by the temperature of the PV cells. This system was characterized over the traditional PV systems via producing more electrical energy due to concentrating the solar radiation as well as cooling the PV modules and at the same time producing thermal energy that can be used in domestic applications. During the analysis of the results of the proposed system, it was found that the maximum electrical and thermal energy obtained were 170 W and 580 W, respectively, under solar concentration ratio 3 and the flow rate of the cooling water 1 kg/min. A good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was confirmed.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study on Installation of Rooftop Photovoltaic System in Complied with Thailand Energy Building Code

2020 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Pathomthat Chiradeja ◽  
Atthapol Ngaopitakkul
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Pv System

Renewable energy especially solar energy has become a significant part in electrical power generation with its advantage in the environmentally friendly and current trend of decrease in installation cost. The photovoltaic (PV) system on a rooftop is one of the power generating system based on renewable energy that can fit building to utilize space efficiently. This paper is analyzing the feasibility of installing a solar PV rooftop on the building using a case study building located in Bangkok, Thailand. The performance will be evaluated in term of both energy and economic perspective. The comparison with Thailand building energy code also been done to show that overall energy consumption with PV system complies with the law. The result has shown that with rooftop photovoltaic system installation, annual energy consumption in the building can be reduced significantly and it can achieve feasibility in term of economic perspective.

Research on China's First Residential Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System

2013 ◽  
Vol 392 ◽  
pp. 563-567
Author(s):  
Yan Jie Dai ◽  
Chun Yan Sun ◽  
Xiao Yong Wang ◽  
Wei Hua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Quality Analyzer ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Power Metering ◽  
Pv Power Generation ◽  
Power Standard

Along with the continuous expansion of photovoltaic (PV) power generation, different capacity of grid connected PV system is gradually increased. China's first residential grid-connected PV system has interconnected successfully in QingDao and operated normally. This document analyzed electrical connected diagram of grid-connected PV system. Using power quality analyzer, the online power quality is monitored and analyzed. When PV power generation is low efficiency of operating state, harmonic current is over distortion limits. Monitoring data was simulated through electrical power standard source. To ensure power metering accuracy under harmonic, the watt-second method is proposed. Testing results show that smart electrical meter can meter accurately within 20 times harmonics.

Sustainability in university campus: options for achieving nearly zero energy goals

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Fonseca ◽  
Pedro Moura ◽  
Humberto Jorge ◽  
Aníbal de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pv Generation

Purpose The purpose of this study was to design a renovation plan for a university campus building (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering) with the aim to achieve nearly zero energy performance, ensuring a low specific demand (lower than 44 kWh/m2) and a high level of on-site renewable generation (equivalent to more than 20 per cent of the energy demand). Design/methodology/approach The baseline demand was characterized based on energy audits, on smart metering data and on the existing building management system data, showing a recent reduction of the electricity demand owing to some implemented measures. The renovation plan was then designed with two main measures, the total replacement of the actual lighting by LEDs and the installation of a photovoltaic system (PV) with 78.8 kWp coupled with an energy storage system with 100 kWh of lithium-ion batteries. Findings The designed renovation achieved energy savings of 20 per cent, with 27.5 per cent of the consumed energy supplied by the PV system. This will ensure a reduction of the specific energy of the building to only 30 kWh/m2, with 42.4 per cent savings on the net-energy demand. Practical implications The designed renovation proves that it is possible to achieve nearly zero energy goals with cost-effective solutions, presenting the lighting renovation and the solar PV generation system a payback of 2.3 and 6.9 years, respectively. Originality/value This study innovated by defining ambitious goals to achieve nearly zero energy levels and presenting a design based on a comprehensive lighting retrofit and PV generation, whereas other studies are mostly based on envelope refurbishment and behaviour changes.

scholarly journals Multicarrier PWM Based Control of Modular Multilevel Inverter with Grid Connected Solar PV System

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (05) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Saminathan S & Dr. Ranjithkumar K
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Inverter ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Voltage Balancing ◽  
Multilevel Inverters ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Inverter Topology ◽  
Multicarrier Pwm

In this work, a new modular multilevel inverter topology is introduced for a single phase grid connected Photovoltaic system. This multilevel inverter use less number of switches to generate seven levels compared to other conventional multilevel inverters. This requires only one isolated dc source to operate. So it is suitable for renewable energy application. This inverter is designed by submodule configuration; each sub module contains two switches and one DC link capacitor. The sub modules will be added to the inverter depending on number of levels. The voltage balancing of DC link capacitor is carried out by Y matrix PWM technique. Because of Y matrix PWM technique, the inverter gets a self capacitor voltage balancing ability. So there is no need of external devices required for balancing the voltage of capacitor. A PLL for grid integration and LCL filter are designed and integrated with this inverter. The simulation of proposed system is carried out by MATLAB/SIMULINK and performance of THD is monitored as per standards

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