scholarly journals Aerobic Energy Contribution during High Intensity Exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Michael CHIA
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Anaerobic Energy ◽  
Energy Supplementation

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The review focuses on the aerobic energy contribution during high intensity cycling exercise. It is erroneous to assume that the energy demands of an exercise task can be met exclusively by either aerobic or anaerobic sources. During peak oxygen uptake determination, especially during the latter portions of the incremental exercise test, the anaerobic energy stores are also taxed. Not surprising, during maximal exercise of a short duration, there is also energy supplementation from aerobic energy sources. However, for a test to be considered predominantly anaerobic, the aerobic contribution to the test must be kept minimal. The quantification of aerobic contribution to a maximal exercise performance is difficult because the mechanical efficiency (ME) during a non-steady state exercise task remains speculative. Nevertheless extreme ME values for cycling have been proposed to provide a general scope of the estimated values. In adults, assumptions about oxygen uptake lag time, the size and role of the stored oxygen stores, which are taken into account also affect the magnitude to the aerobic contribution. Equivalent data on young people are insecure and greater research attention in this area is advised.本文著重介紹了大強度自行車運動中的有氧供能。如果認為運動中機體所需能量僅以某一能源系統，有氧系統或無氧系統供能是不正確的。在逐級遞增負荷測定最大攝氧量的運動中，尤其在測試的後階段，無氧系統參與供能。而在短時間的最大強度運動中，有氧供能也佔有一定的比例。即使進行無氧運動，在測試中仍能發現有低比例有氧供能。很難確定有氧系統在最大強度運動中的供能量為多少，因為不穩定狀態下的運動其供能效率仍不十分明確。但對於踏車運動中最高供能效率有一估計值範圍。對於成年人，攝氧量的延遲時間以及氧的儲存量的多少將影響最大有氧供能的比例。而在青少年中：有關這方面的資料較為缺乏，有待進一步的研究。

Mechanical Efficiency of Treadmill Running Exercise: Effect of Anaerobic-Energy Contribution at Various Speeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Keir ◽  
Raphaël Zory ◽  
Céline Boudreau-Larivière ◽  
Olivier Serresse
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Accumulated Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Anaerobic Energy ◽  
Exercise Effect ◽  
Kinematic Analyses ◽  
All Speeds

Objectives:Mechanical efficiency (ME) describes the ratio between mechanical (PMECH) and metabolic (PMET) power. The purpose of the study was to include an estimation of anaerobic energy expenditure (AnE) into the quantification of PMET using the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) and to examine its effect on the value of ME in treadmill running at submaximal, maximal, and supramaximal running speeds.Methods:Participants (N = 11) underwent a graded maximal exercise test to determine velocity at peak oxygen uptake (vVO2peak). On 4 separate occasions, subjects ran for 6 min at speeds corresponding to 50%, 70%, 90%, and 110% of vVO2peak. During each testing session, PMET was measured from pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2p) using opencircuit spirometry and was quantified in 2 ways: from VO2p and an estimate of AnE (from the AOD method) and from VO2p only. PMECH was determined from kinematic analyses.Results:ME at 50%, 70%, 90%, and 110% of vVO2peak was 59.9% ± 11.9%, 55.4% ± 12.2%, 51.5% ± 6.8%, and 52.9% ± 7.5%, respectively, when AnE was included in the calculation of PMET. The exclusion of AnE yielded significantly greater values of ME at all speeds: 62.9% ± 11.4%, 62.4% ± 12.6%, 55.1% ± 6.2%, and 64.2% ± 8.4%; P = .001 (for 50%, 70%, 90%, and 110% of vVO2peak, respectively).Conclusions:The data suggest that an estimate of AnE should be considered in the computation of PMET when determining ME of treadmill running, as its exclusion leads to overestimations of ME values.

scholarly journals Comparison of Aerobic Performance Testing Protocols in Elite Male Wheelchair Basketball Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Molik ◽  
Andrzej Kosmol ◽  
Natalia Morgulec-Adamowicz ◽  
Judit Lencse-Mucha ◽  
Anna Mróz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Wheelchair Basketball ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Wheelchair Sports ◽  
Arm Crank Ergometer

AbstractIn wheelchair sports, aerobic performance is commonly assessed with the use of an arm crank ergometer (ACE), a wheelchair ergometer (WCE) or a wheelchair treadmill (WCT). There are different protocols to identify peak oxygen uptake in wheelchair sports; however, only a few protocols have been applied to evaluate these conditions in wheelchair basketball players. The purpose of this study was to compare physiological responses during maximal exercise testing with the use of ACE and WCT in wheelchair basketball players. Twelve elite male wheelchair basketball players participated in this study. The research was performed during a training camp of the Polish National Wheelchair Basketball Team. The study participants were divided into two functional categories: A (players with class 1.0 - 2.5) and B (players with class 3.0 - 4.5). Two main maximal exercise tests, i.e. wheelchair treadmill stress test (WCT test) and arm crank ergometer stress test (ACE test) were used to evaluate aerobic performance of the players. There were no statistically significant differences in aerobic tests between the players from both groups. The comparison of results achieved in two aerobic tests performed on WCT and ACE did not reveal any significant differences between the analyzed variables (peak heart rate (HRpeak), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), minute ventilation (VE), anaerobic threshold (AT), lactate concentration (LApeak), and a drop in lactate concentration (%LA)). Strong correlations between results achieved in WCT and ACE tests were found for VO2peak, VE and LApeak. The main conclusion of the study is that both WCT and ACE tests may be useful when determining aerobic capacity of wheelchair basketball players. Moreover, both protocols can be used by athletes regardless of their functional capabilities and types of impairment.

Metabolic Profiles of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test and the Corresponding Continuous Version in Team-Sport Athletes—Elucidating the Role of Inter-Effort Recovery

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kaufmann ◽  
Ralph Beneke ◽  
Richard Latzel ◽  
Hanna Pfister ◽  
Olaf Hoos
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
State Level ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Continuous Version ◽  
Fitness Test

Purpose: To elucidate the role of inter-effort recovery in shuttle running by comparing the metabolic profiles of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT) and the corresponding continuous version (30-15IFT-CONT). Methods: Sixteen state-level handball players (age = 23 [3] y, height = 185 [7] cm, weight = 85 [14] kg) completed the 30-15IFT and 30-15IFT-CONT, and speed at the last completed stage (in kilometers per hour) and time to exhaustion (in seconds) were assessed. Furthermore, oxygen uptake (in milliliters per kilogram per minute) and blood lactate were obtained preexercise, during exercise, and until 15 minutes postexercise. Metabolic energy (in kilojoules), metabolic power (in Watts per kilogram), and relative (in percentage) energy contribution of the aerobic (WAER, WAERint), anaerobic lactic (WBLC, WBLCint), and anaerobic alactic (WPCr, WPCrint) systems were calculated by PCr-La-O2 method for 30-15IFT-CONT and 30-15IFT. Results: No difference in peak oxygen uptake was found between 30-15IFT and 30-15IFT-CONT (60.6 [6.6] vs 60.5 [5.1] mL·kg−1·min−1, P = .165, d = 0.20), whereas speed at the last completed stage was higher in 30-15IFT (18.3 [1.4] vs 16.1 [1.0] km·h−1, P < .001, d = 1.17). Metabolic energy was also higher in 30-15IFT (1224.2 [269.6] vs 772.8 [63.1] kJ, P < .001, d = 5.60), and metabolic profiles differed substantially for aerobic (30-15IFT = 67.2 [5.2] vs 30-15IFT-CONT = 85.2% [2.5%], P < .001, d = −4.01), anaerobic lactic (30-15IFT = 4.4 [1.4] vs 30-15IFT-CONT = 6.2% [1.8%], P < .001, d = −1.04), and anaerobic alactic (30-15IFT = 28.4 [4.7] vs 30-15IFT-CONT = 8.6% [2.1%], P < .001, d = 5.43) components. Conclusions: Both 30-15IFT and 30-15IFT-CONT are mainly fueled by aerobic energy, but their metabolic profiles differ substantially in both aerobic and anaerobic alactic energy contribution. Due to the presence of inter-effort recovery, intermittent shuttle runs rely to a higher extent on anaerobic alactic energy and a fast, aerobic replenishment of PCr during the short breaks between shuttles.

scholarly journals Peak Oxygen Uptake Recovery Delay After Maximal Exercise in Patients With Heart Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-437
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kadariya ◽  
Justin M. Canada ◽  
Marco Giuseppe Del Buono ◽  
Jessie van Wezenbeek ◽  
Inna Tchoukina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Physiological Responses to Specific Maximal Exercise Tests for Cross-Country Skiing

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip B. Watts ◽  
Jon Eric Sulentic ◽  
Kip M. Drobish ◽  
Timothy P. Gibbons ◽  
Victoria S. Newbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Double Poling ◽  
Cross Country

The present study attempted to quantify differences in peak physiological responses to pole-striding (PS), double poling on roller skis (DP), and diagonal striding on roller skis (DS) during maximal exercise. Six expert cross-country ski racers (3 M, 3 F) with a mean age of 20.2 ± 1.3 yrs served as subjects. Testing was conducted on a motorized ski treadmill with a tracked belt surface. Expired air was analyzed continuously via an automated open-circuit system and averaged each 20 s. Heart rate was monitored via telemetry and arterialized blood was collected within 1 min of test termination and analyzed immediately for lactate. Peak values for heart rate and blood lactate did not differ among techniques. Peak oxygen uptake was higher for PS and DS versus DP whereas no difference was found between PS and DS. The VO2 peak for DP was 77 and 81% of VO2 peak for PS and DS, respectively. It was concluded that despite similar peak heart rate and blood lactate values, DP elicits a lower VO2 peak than DS or PS and that PS responses appear to closely reflect those of DS. Key words: exercise testing, maximum oxygen uptake, roller skiing, specificity of exercise, x-c skiing

Development and Validation of a One-Mile Treadmill Walk Test to Predict Peak Oxygen Uptake in Healthy Adults Ages 40 to 79 Years

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Pober ◽  
Patty S. Freedson ◽  
Gregory M. Kline ◽  
Kyle J. Mcinnis ◽  
James M. Rippe
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Test Equation ◽  
New Equation ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Development Group

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the Rockport one-mile walk test equation to predict maximal oxygen uptake was valid for application to treadmill walking. When the Rockport model was found to be inappropriate, a new regression model was developed for predicting peak oxygen uptake [Formula: see text] from a one-mile treadmill walk. 304 healthy volunteers ages 40 to 79 years (mean age = 57.6 years, 154 men and 150 women) completed a [Formula: see text] test and a one-mile treadmill walk. Stepwise regression was used to build a model for the relationship between [Formula: see text]and a variety of predictor variables in a sub-sample development group (n = 154). This new model was then applied to a sub-sample validation group (n = 150). The new equation produced a correlation of 0.87, SEE = 4.7 ml • kg−1 • min−1 with a mean residual of 0.96 ml • kg−1 • min−1. The equation for predicting [Formula: see text] developed in this investigation provides a means of assessing [Formula: see text] that is easy to administer, allows for careful supervision of subjects, and can be completed at a low financial and temporal cost. Key words:[Formula: see text]estimation, sub-maximal exercise testing, fitness, aerobic power, Treadwalk test

The effect of prior heavy exercise on the parameters of the power-duration curve for cycle ergometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Miura ◽  
Chiaki Shiragiku ◽  
Yuiko Hirotoshi ◽  
Asami Kitano ◽  
Masako Yamaoka Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Hyperbolic Function ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Lactate Levels

The tolerable duration (t) of high-intensity cycle ergometry is well characterized by a hyperbolic function of power output (P) with an asymptote (termed the critical power (CP)) and a curvature constant (denoted W′). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of prior heavy exercise (W-up) that specifically engenders an acidosis on CP and W′. Eight healthy subjects performed 2 sets of 4 high-intensity square-wave exercise bouts on a bicycle ergometer to estimate CP and W′, with (W-up) and without (control) prior exercise, respectively. Exercise intensities of the 4 main bouts were selected in the range of 90% to 135% peak oxygen uptake so as to reach the limit of tolerance between approximately 1.5 and 10 min. The W-up bout was preceded by 6 min cycling at a work rate halfway between the lactate threshold and peak oxygen uptake (mean ± SD of 153.8 ± 29.8 W) starting 12 min before the main bout. Blood lactate levels ([La]b) just before the main exercise bouts in W-up conditions were significantly higher than those of the control (4.7 ± 1.1 and 1.4 ± 0.4 mEq·L–1, respectively; p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in end-exercise [La]b. W-up increased significantly the tolerable duration at every work rate compared with the control, which was attributable exclusively to increased CP (176.5 ± 34.3 and 168.7 ± 31.3 W, respectively; p < 0.05), without any significant change in W′ (11.0 ± 3.2 and 11.0 ± 3.1 kJ, respectively). It is concluded that the prior heavy exercise improved performance mainly because of an enhanced aerobic component of exercise energetics, as indicated by a higher CP and lower increment in the [La]b.

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