scholarly journals Fuses in distribution systems: new applications in DC circuits

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
J. C. Gómez ◽  
◽  
D. Toum ◽  
C. Reineri ◽  
F. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Variable Speed Drives ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
End Use ◽  
Individual Use

The vast majority of distribution systems currently in use, work with alternating current at 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Several of the distributed resources (generators or storage) supply electrical energy in the form of direct current. Also, there are continuous end-use applications such as centralized variable speed drives, and the rapidly growing application in electric cars which has recently started. This panorama leads to the growing interest in the application of fuses in direct current systems, not as an adaptation of the alternating current fuse but as a specific design. The article presents the crucial differences between direct and alternating circuits, oriented to the operation of the fuse, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, citing the complications in the design that are required for this growing application. The continuous operation of the fuse is explained in its three fundamental parts: pre-arc, arc and post-arc. The most important current applications are analyzed, such as the protection of: circuits with batteries, circuits of electric vehicles for individual use, power electronics, photovoltaic cells, public transport and circuits in mining. It is concluded in the need to deepen the study of these applications in order to achieve specific fuses designs for direct current and not mere adaptations of the traditional alternating current fuse designs.

scholarly journals A New Hybrid Approach Using the Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation Method for the Optimal Allocation of Electrical Energy Storage Systems

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Carpinelli ◽  
Fabio Mottola ◽  
Christian Noce ◽  
Angela Russo ◽  
Pietro Varilone
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Stochastic Approximation ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation ◽  
Electrical Energy Storage

This paper deals with the optimal allocation (siting and sizing) of distributed electrical energy storage systems in unbalanced electrical distribution systems. This problem is formulated as a mixed, non-linear, constrained minimization problem, in which the objective function involves economic factors and constraints address the technical limitations of both network and distributed resources. The problem is cumbersome from the computational point of view due to the presence of both constraints of an intertemporal nature and a great number of state variables. In order to guarantee reasonable accuracy-although limiting the computational efforts-a new approach is proposed in this paper: it is based on a Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) method and on an innovative inner algorithm, which allows it to quickly carry out the daily scheduling (charging/discharging) of the electrical energy storage systems. The proposed method is applied to a medium voltage (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) IEEE unbalanced test network, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the procedure in terms of computational effort while preserving the accuracy of the solution. The obtained results are also compared with the results of a Genetic Algorithm and of an exhaustive procedure.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI TEKNOLOGI KINETIK TURBIN SEBAGAI PENUNJANG KEBUTUHAN ENERGI DI DESA TIRTASARI

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Jojo Sumarjo ◽  
Sulistyo Sidik Purnomo ◽  
Insani Abdi Bangsa ◽  
Dian Budhi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Energy Independence

ABSTRAKTerbatasnya akses dan kebutuhan masyarakat dari penggunaan energi listrik sebagai penerangan jalan pada Desa Tirtasari, Karawang. Maka dirasa perlu ikut berkontribusi dalam pengabdian bidang ilmu dan teknologi. Hal ini untuk memanfaatkan energi baru terbarukan yang ekonomis dengan potensi energi alam sekitar. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari kegiatan ini merancang alat teknologi berbasis energi turbin kinetik dan energi surya untuk menyelesaikan program ini. Pemanfaatan potensi energi yang dihasilkan dari aliran sungai dapat menghasilkan energi kinetik dari putaran turbin kinetik. Putaran yang dihasilkan dari turbin kinetik menghasilkan energi mekanik ke generator. Sehingga mampu membangkitkan energi listrik, sedangkan arus yang dihasilkan dari solar panel sebagai penggantinya. Maka metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini berupa pelatihan dan pendampingan pembuatan turbin. Hasil akhir dari kegiatan ini masyarakat dapat mengimplementasikannya secara langsung. Jika sewaktu-waktu aliran sungai mengecil, sehingga tidak mampu memutar turbin kinetik dan generator. Energi yang dihasilkan dari keduanya akan disimpan pada accu. Arus DC (direct current) yang disimpan pada accu akan di konverter menjadi arus AC (alternating current). Maka untuk mendapatkan listrik dengan kapasitas daya maksimum 150 Watt 220V. Adapun luaran dari pengabdian ini adalah terciptanya kemandirian energi dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Kata kunci: energi listrik; turbin kinetik; direct current; alternating current. ABSTRACTThe limited access and needs of the community from the use of electrical energy as a road lighting in Tirtasari Village, Karawang. So it is considered to have contributed to the dedication of science and technology. This is to utilize the renewable new energy that is economical with the potential of natural energy around. Therefore, the purpose of this activity designed energy-based technology tools kinetic turbine and solar energy to complete this program. The use of energy potential generated from the river flow can produce kinetic energy from the round of kinetic turbines. Rounds produced from kinetic turbines produce mechanical energy to generators. So that it can generate electrical energy, while the current generated from solar panel as a replacement. Then the method of implementation used in this activity is in the form of training and assistance for making turbines. The final result of this activity community can implement it directly. If at any time the river flow is reduced, so it is unable to play kinetic turbines and generators. The energy produced from both will be stored in Accu. The DC (Direct Current) stored on the batteries will be converter into AC (Alternating Current). So to get electricity with a maximum power capacity of 150 watts 220V. The output of this service is the creation of energy independence and community service. Keywords: electrical energy; kinetic turbine; direct current; alternating current.

scholarly journals An Overview of Direct Current Distribution System Architectures & Benefits

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Prabhala ◽  
Bhanu Baddipadiga ◽  
Poria Fajri ◽  
Mehdi Ferdowsi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Global Market ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Telecommunication Systems ◽  
Dc Distribution ◽  
Wide Range

This paper examines existing and future direct current (DC) distribution systems with a wide range of applications in data centers, telecommunication systems, commercial buildings, residential homes, electric vehicles, spacecraft, and aircrafts. DC distribution systems have many advantages and disadvantages over their alternating current (AC) counterparts. There are a few surviving examples of DC distribution systems; among them are the telecommunication systems and data centers that use the low-voltage 48 Vdc systems. However, recently, there has been a move towards higher DC bus voltages. In this paper, a comparative study of different DC distribution architectures and bus structures is presented and voltage level selection is discussed for maximizing system efficiency and reliability, reducing system costs, and increasing the flexibility of the system for future expansion. Furthermore, DC distribution systems are investigated from a safety standpoint and the current global market for these distribution systems is also discussed.

Recent progresses in bus-ducts design

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Faiz ◽  
H. Ehya ◽  
A.M. Takbash ◽  
S. Shojaee ◽  
M. Hamidian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Design Techniques

Purpose – Electrical energy distribution systems must be low losses systems in order to enhance the system efficiency. Therefore, it is preferred to distribute electrical energy by bus-ducts in the place of cables over all energy levels and decrease the losses. The purpose of this paper is to focus on a comprehensive survey of various aspects of bus-ducts design including electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal. Advantages and disadvantages of different available design techniques are reviewed. Design/methodology/approach – Different works on various bus-based power transmission and distribution systems are reviewed. Generally these are done in three categories including systems modeling methods, heat transfer in the systems, short circuit and electromagnetic force. The attempt is made to provide geometrical and materials specifications in order to present the analyzed system well. Findings – Different types of bus-ducts from used materials, voltage level and insulation types are reviewed. Bus-duct modeling techniques are introduced which can be easily applied for bus-ducts design. Electromagnetic field distribution, thermal pattern inside and outside of the bus-duct in normal and short circuit modes and finally mechanical considerations are dominant factors which must be taken into account in the bus-ducts design. This leads to an optimal design of bus-ducts which prolong the life span of the bus-ducts fixed in the installations. Originality/value – This paper for the first time systematically reviews the latest state of arts in the design of bus-ducts for efficient electrical energy distribution. It summarizes a variety of design techniques applicable to bus-ducts design.

Опыт использования частотных преобразователей на объектах ООО «Водоканал»

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei, Rybel’ ◽  
V. Kuninin ◽  
S. Gerasimov ◽  
A. Bakushin
Keyword(s):  
Inrush Current ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drives ◽  
Technical Device ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Pumping Equipment

Приведен опыт применения частотно-регулируемых электроприводов на насосных станциях ООО Водоканал г. Новокузнецка. Приводятся преимущества и недостатки данного технического устройства. Показано, что в настоящее время использование частотно-регулируемых приводов позволило снизить потребление электроэнергии более чем на 20, уменьшить затраты на ремонт и обслуживание, повысить срок службы электродвигателей, уменьшить величину пускового тока, снизить утечки воды и нагрузку на насосное оборудование и трубопроводную арматуру. Применение частотно-регулируемых электроприводов оправдало себя и в тех случаях, когда требуется регулирование параметров для обеспечения технологии (регулирование скорости, производительности и т. д.), приведение параметров оборудования к требуемым значениям без его замены (в расчете на увеличение загрузки оборудования до номинала в последующий период), компенсация суточной неравномерности потребления воды.The experience of using variable speed drives at the pumping stations operated by Vodokanal LLC in Novokuznetsk is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of this technical device are specified. It is demonstrated that currently, the use of variable speed drives provides for reducing the energy consumption by more than 20, reducing the repair and maintenance costs for improving the service life of electric motors for reducing inrush current, water leaks and the load on the pumping equipment and pipeline valving. The use of variable speed drives has paid off even in case where adjusting the parameters to ensure the technology (velocity, performance, etc.) bringing the equipment parameters to the required values without replacing it (in order to increase the equipment load to the nominal value for the subsequent period) compensating for daily irregularities in water consumption are required.

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