Quality of Pellets from Olive Grove Residual Biomass

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (08) ◽  
pp. 751-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. García Maraver ◽  
A.F. Ramos Ridao ◽  
D.P. Ruiz ◽  
M. Zamorano
Keyword(s):  
Olive Grove ◽  
Residual Biomass

scholarly journals Energy Recovery of Agricultural Residues: Incorporation of Vine Pruning in the Production of Biomass Pellets with ENplus® Certification

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Leonel J. R. Nunes ◽  
Liliana M. E. F. Loureiro ◽  
Letícia C. R. Sá ◽  
João C. O. Matias ◽  
Ana I. O. F. Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Supply ◽  
Residual Biomass

The use of residual biomass of forest and/or agricultural origin is an increasingly common issue regarding the incorporation of materials that, until recently, were out of the typical raw material supply chains for the production of biomass pellets, mainly due to the quality constraints that some of these materials present. The need to control the quality of biomass-derived fuels led to the development of standards, such as ENplus®, to define the permitted limits for a set of parameters, such as the ash or alkali metal content. In the present study, samples of vine pruning, and ENplus®-certified pellets were collected and characterized, and the results obtained were compared with the limits presented in the standard. The values presented from vine pruning approximated the values presented by Pinus pinaster wood, the main raw material used in the production of certified pellets in Portugal, except for the values of ash, copper (Cu), and nitrogen (N) contents, with vine pruning being out of the qualifying limits for certification. However, it was found that the incorporation of up to 10% of biomass from vine pruning allowed the fulfillment of the requirements presented in the ENplus® standard, indicating a path for the implementation of circular economy processes in the wine industry.

scholarly journals Nuevos territorios y enfoques para el desarrollo local. El olivar de Alcolea de las Alpujarras (Almería) = New Territories and Approaches for Local Development. The Olive Grove of Alcolea de las Alpujarras (Almería)

2019 ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Sánchez Escolano ◽  
Noelia Ruíz Moya
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Olive Grove ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
The Relationship

En un marco general caracterizado por la descapitalización humana y económica, así como por la falta de dinamismo y su escasa representatividad en nuestra sociedad, los espacios rurales mediterráneos encaran el siglo XXI con perspectivas precarias sobre su propia viabilidad y supervivencia. Las implicaciones de este proceso de debilitamiento territorial son enormes, ya sea enfocado desde lo antropológico, demográfico, económico o ambiental. Es necesario, por tanto, repensar la relación que la sociedad española mantiene con esa parte mayoritaria del territorio, la cual necesita de herramientas y la acción de agentes que aporten nuevas perspectivas para superar acciones agotadas por su formalismo y desapego a la realidad de los entornos rurales y sus problemáticas.El presente trabajo, aplicando las estrategias y herramientas del paradigma del desarrollo local, pretende reconocer y analizar los valores patrimoniales y territoriales del olivar de Alcolea (Almería). Éste, a través de un replanteamiento de su papel en la comunidad -ecológico, cultural y paisajístico-, puede ser transformado en una herramienta para el desarrollo endógeno y sostenible, lo que redundará en un aumento de la calidad de vida de los habitantes del entorno.AbstractIn a general framework marked by human and economic decapitalization, as well as by the lack of dynamism and its scarce representation in our society, the Mediterranean rural areas confront the 21st century with precarious perspectives on their own viability and survival. The implications of this process of territorial weakening are enormous, whether focused on the anthropological, demographic, economic or environmental. It is necessary, therefore, to rethink the relationship that Spanish society maintains with this majority part of the territory, which requires tools and the action of agents that provide new perspectives to overcome ineffective actions due to their formality and detachment from the reality of rural areas and their problems.The present work, applying the strategies and tools of the local development paradigm, aims to recognize and analyze the heritage and territorial values of the olive grove of Alcolea (Almería). This, through a rethinking of its ecological, cultural and landscape role, can be transformed into a tool for endogenous and sustainable development, which will result in an improvement in the quality of life of the inhabitants of the area.

Factors affecting the quality of pellets made from residual biomass of olive trees

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Garcia-Maraver ◽  
M.L. Rodriguez ◽  
F. Serrano-Bernardo ◽  
L.F. Diaz ◽  
M. Zamorano
Keyword(s):  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Olive Trees

scholarly journals Yield and Quality of Essential Oils in Hemp Varieties in Different Environments

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Vuerich ◽  
Claudio Ferfuia ◽  
Fabio Zuliani ◽  
Barbara Piani ◽  
Angela Sepulcri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Variety Effect ◽  
Female Flowers

Due to its possible utilization in cosmetics, medicine and crop protection, as a valuable alternative to petrochemical-derived products, hemp essential oil is now considered a product with high value added and a promising marketing potential. This experiment was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of four different locations of Northern Italy during two years (four environments) and three hemp monoecious varieties on the production and quality of essential oils (EOs) obtained by inflorescences harvested at full flowering of female flowers. The highest inflorescence yield was obtained at Maiano 2017, where a superficial groundwater layer (1.5 m) was present, with values that ranged from 1.69 of Fedora to 2.06 t ha−1 of Futura. EOs production ranged between 3.4 and 4.9 L ha−1, affected mainly by the variety effect. The terpene in EOs, very similar between varieties and environments, was mainly composed of sesquiterpenes (caryophillene and humulene, as the most abundant) rather than monoterpenes (α-pinene, β-myrcene and trans-β-ocimene, in particular). Phytocannabinoids, and in particular cannabidiol (CBD), were not removed from tissues by the steam during hydrodistillation, and if this is confirmed by further experiments, the residual biomass, now considered as waste, could assume significant importance as a source for further utilization.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

Observability of Very Thick Specimen by Using Transmission Scanning Electron Microscope

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
K. Shibatomi ◽  
T. Yamanoto ◽  
H. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Thick Specimen ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the observation of a thick specimen by means of a transmission electron microscope, the intensity of electrons passing through the objective lens aperture is greatly reduced. So that the image is almost invisible. In addition to this fact, it have been reported that a chromatic aberration causes the deterioration of the image contrast rather than that of the resolution. The scanning electron microscope is, however, capable of electrically amplifying the signal of the decreasing intensity, and also free from a chromatic aberration so that the deterioration of the image contrast due to the aberration can be prevented. The electrical improvement of the image quality can be carried out by using the fascionating features of the SEM, that is, the amplification of a weak in-put signal forming the image and the descriminating action of the heigh level signal of the background. This paper reports some of the experimental results about the thickness dependence of the observability and quality of the image in the case of the transmission SEM.

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