scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOUTH SUMATRA COFFEE (Coffea arabica L.) EXTRACT CREAM IN BURN WOUND RECOVERY OF MALE WHITE MICE (Mus musculus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Muhammad Romadhon ◽  
Dani Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
White Male ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Wound Recovery ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Recovery Percentage ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

The effectiveness of South Sumatra coffee extract cream in burn wound recovery of white male mice had been analyzed. This research aims to ensure which one between immature and mature coffee bean that was better to recover burn wounds of male white mice after 14-day testing. The prepared concentrations for both coffee beans were 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%. We then figured out that ethanol contained by young and old coffee beans had a recovery effect on burn wounds of male white mice (Mus musculus). Findings indicate that 0.3% of mature coffee beans were more effective in recovering burn wounds of male white mice (Mus musculus), in which the wound recovery percentage was close to that in the positive control (burnazin).

scholarly journals Preparation and evaluation of burns wound healing ointment base of leaves and stem bark of Anthocleista djalonensis (L) extract using animal model.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Chinenye Nnenna Ugwu ◽  
Ezinwanne Nneoma Ezeibe ◽  
Chinekwu Sherridan Nwobi ◽  
Chinelo Charity Eze ◽  
Somtochukwu Amuche Evurani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Silver Sulfadiazine ◽  
Wound Contraction ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Ointment Base

BACKGROUND: Burn wounds are inescapable life events especially in low income areas. Contamination of the burn wound site results in localized wound infection, hence the need for potent phytochemicals readily available for wound healing. The use of stem bark of Anthocleista djalonensis efficacy for burn wound has not been evaluated to the best of our knowledge. AIM: The study is aimed at evaluating and comparing the wound healing potential of ointment base of leaves and Stem bark of Anthocleista djalonensis on burn wounds created on wistar albino rats. METHODS: The leaves and Stem bark of Anthocleista djalonensis collected were extracted using 95%v/v methanol and phytochemical analysis conducted. Simple ointments of varying concentrations were formulated to screen for wound healing activity using the burn wound model on experimental rats grouped into six (n=4). Group 1 was treated with silver sulfadiazine cream (positive control), group 2 with ointment base (negative control), group 3 with 1% stem bark extract ointment, group 4 with 2% stem bark ointment, group 5 with 1% leave extract ointment, and group 6 with 2% leave extract ointment.  All animals were anesthetized before the creation of burn wounds. Measurement was taken on day zero and the wound was left untreated for 48 hours in order to allow bacterial colonization before daily treatment of the wound for 16 days. RESULTS: The result of the phytochemical screening revealed that both extract of Anthocleista djalonensis contains flavonoids, tannins and saponins. On day 2, 1% stem bark, 2% stem bark and 1% leaf extract had 16%, 15%, and 10% wound contraction respectively which was higher than the 8.5% wound contraction of silver sulfadiazine. Also as the concentration of the extract increased, the wound healing effect also increased as seen by the percentage wound contraction on day 16 for all treatment.  CONCLUSION: The findings of the study have shown that methanolic extracts of stem bark and leaf of Anthocleista djalonensis contained bioactive constituents which have burn wound healing activity. The stem bark extract showed better activity when compared with the leaf extract and also the positive control (silver sulfadiazine).    

scholarly journals MANFAAT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN REMEK DAGING (Hemigraphis colorata W. Bull) TERHADAP LUKA BAKAR PADA TIKUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Lusi Putri Dwita ◽  
Vera Ladeska ◽  
Aisyah Ramadhani ◽  
Dwi Rahma Augusta ◽  
Retno Tri Saufia
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Silver Sulfadiazine ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Wound Induction ◽  
Collagen Density

ABSTRACT Remek daging (Hemigraphis colorata W.Bull) have been studied and used traditionally for wound healing. This study aimed to determine the effect of topical application of remek daging leaves ethanolic extract 70% on the burn wound. The animals used for this study were 30 rats, divided into five groups, namely 20, 10, 5%  remek daging extract ointment, negative control (vaseline flavum), and positive control (silver sulfadiazine 1%). Histology observations were held on days 3, 7, and 14 after burn wound induction. Histological observations showed an increase number of macrophages, fibroblasts, collagen density, and re-epithelialization in the extract ointment group significantly compare to the negative control (p <0.05). The application of ointment extract 20% to the rats showed comparable results to silver sulfadiazine 1% (p> 0.05). It can be concluded that remek daging ointment extract can accelerate the healing of burn wounds with the best results at a concentration of 20%. Keywords: Hemigraphis colorata, burns, macrophages, fibroblasts, collagen.  ABSTRAK Remek daging (Hemigraphis colorata W.Bull) telah diteliti dan digunakan untuk penyembuhan luka secara tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol 70% daun remek daging secara topikal pada luka bakar tikus putih. Hewan yang digunakan adalah 30 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok salep ekstrak daun remek daging 20, 10, 5% (%b/b), kontrol negatif (vaselin flavum) dan kontrol positif (silver sulfadiazine 1% (%b/b)). Pengamatan secara histologi dilakukan pada hari ke 3, 7 dan 14 setelah induksi luka bakar. Pengamatan histologi menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah makrofag, jumlah fibroblas, kepadatan kolagen dan ketebalan re-epitelisasi pada kelompok salep ekstrak daun remek daging secara signifikan dibandingkan kontrol negatif (p<0,05). Tikus yang diberikan perlakuan salep ekstrak 20% menunjukkan hasil sebanding dengan silver sulfadiazin 1% (p>0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa salep ekstrak daun remek daging dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka bakar dengan hasil terbaik pada konsentrasi 20%. Kata kunci: Hemigraphis colorata, luka bakar, makrofag, fibroblas, kolagen.  

scholarly journals Coffea arabica (cv Catuaí) production and bean size under different population arrangements and soil water availability

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Sakai ◽  
Eduardo A. A. Barbosa ◽  
Jane M. de C. Silveira ◽  
Regina C. de M. Pires
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Bean Size

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of drip irrigation under different population arrangements on the phytometric features, coffee productivity and bean size classification according to sieve retention. The experiment with Coffea arabica L. cv Catuaí was carried out in Mococa, São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was a 6 x 2 factorial scheme in randomized blocks, with four replications. The six densities of plantation were E1 (1.60 x 0.50 m); E2 (1.60 x 0.75 m); E3 (1.60 x 1.00 m); E4 (3.20 x 0.50 m); E5 (3.20 x 0.75 m) and E6 (3.20 x 1.00 m), which were divided according to the availability of water (irrigated - I - or non-irrigated - NI - groups). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and averages compared by Tukey test at 1 and 5% of probability. Descriptive analysis of coffee beans according to sieve classification was performed. Irrigation promoted an increase in plant height, crown diameter and production of processed coffee when compared with the NI group. Interaction between population arrangement and irrigation was observed, with an increase in production and crown diameter as the spacing was decreased. Therefore, irrigation provided significant increase in coffee bean size.

scholarly journals Formulasi Sediaan Lipbalm dari Ekstrak Biji Kopi Arabika (Coffea Arabica L.) Java Preanger Sebagai Emolien

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Retty Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Lipbalm preparations are a decorative cosmetic dosage form for moisturizing lips. One of the most important components of lipbalm preparations is an emollient. Emollients work by covering the damaged skin with beads of fat so that the skin of the lips becomes softer and moisturized. Arabica coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) java preanger contain linoleic acid which functions as an emollient. This study aims to make a lipbalm formulation containing extracts of Arabica coffee beans (Coffea Arabica L). Lipbalm preparations made with variations in the concentration of coffee extract 3%, 6% and 9%. The resulting formula is then evaluated for its physical stability. The irritation test is carried out using the patch test method, testing the effectiveness of emollients using a skin analyzer. The results showed that variations in the extract of coffee used (3%, 6% and 9%) showed that the concentration of 9% was more stable. The irritation test results show that all three formulas are safe to use. Based on the results of the effectiveness test shows that the formula with a concentration of 9% gives a good emollient effect after use based on statistical tests the paired samples T-test method.Keywords : emollients, coffee bean extracts, formulation, lipbalm.

UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN ALPUKAT (Persea americana Mill.) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA BAKAR PADA PUNGGUNG MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Triswanto Sentat ◽  
Rizki Permatasari
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
White Male ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Plate Size ◽  
Soldering Iron ◽  
Research Show

Activity Assay of avocado leaf (Persea americana Mill.) ethanol extract on burn healing at back skin of white male mice (Mus musculus) aims to determine the best concentration of avocado leaf ethanol extract to healing burn on back skin of mice. Extract of avocado leaf obtained by maceration method using ethanol 70%. Burn made by soldering iron modified with square plate (size 1 x 1 cm2), during 2 seconds contact at the skin and make the skin formed blister. Observation of the burn area was doing daily for 14 days, and also the treatment with the 3 concentrations extract variation (20%,35%, and 50%), negative control and positive control. Result of research show that all avocado leaf ethanol extract in concentrations 20%, 35% and 50% have good activity in burn healing, from first day until 14th day they showed percentage of burn recovering successively equal to 86%, 88% and 90%. Negative control showed that process healing of burn was very tardy, only has percentage of burn recovering equal to 32,67% on 14th day, while positive control showed 100% burn healing on 11st day. The best concentration of  avocado leaf ethanol extract on healing burn is 50% with 90% burn healing

scholarly journals QUALIDADE DOS GRÃOS DO CAFEEIRO (Coffea arabica L.) PRODUZIDOS SOB DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E PARCELAMENTOS DE ADUBAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
Wagner Martins da Cunha Vilella ◽  
Manoel Alves de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Sensorial Analysis ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

QUALIDADE DOS GRÃOS DO CAFEEIRO (Coffea arabica L.) PRODUZIDOS SOB DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E PARCELAMENTOS DE ADUBAÇÃO[1]   Wagner Martins da Cunha VilellaManoel Alves de FariaDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras,Lavras, MG. CP 37, CEP 37200-000. E-mail: [email protected]   1 RESUMO              Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes lâminas de irrigação e parcelamentos de adubação via água de irrigação sobre a qualidade dos grãos do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) Acaiá MG-1474, em experimento localizado no campus da UFLA em Lavras, MG. Utilizando irrigação por gotejamento, foram testadas 5 lâminas de irrigação e 3 parcelamentos de adubação. Nas duas primeiras safras (1998/1999 e 1999/2000) foram determinadas: a qualidade da bebida do café pelos métodos químico e sensorial, além da classificação por peneiras. A qualidade da bebida determinada através da análise sensorial classificou todas as amostras como bebida “dura”, mostrando não haver diferenças entre os tratamentos utilizados. Já a análise química não apresentou nenhuma tendência clara diferenciando os diversos tratamentos utilizados, sendo todas as amostras classificadas como de bebida “dura” ou “apenas mole”. A separação por peneiras apresentou elevada porcentagem de grãos maiores (peneiras 16 e acima) nos tratamentos irrigados em relação ao não irrigado, indicando haver melhor formação dos frutos nestes tratamentos. Com os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que: 1) as diferentes lâminas de irrigação e parcelamentos da adubação não influenciaram a qualidade da bebida do café produzido; 2) a irrigação proporcionou aumento dos grãos do café beneficiado.  UNITERMOS: Café, irrigação, adubação, qualidade.   VILELLA, W.M.C., FARIA, M.A.  QUALITY OF COFFEE BEANS (Coffea arabica L.) PRODUCED UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION DEPTHS AND FERTILIZATION SPLITTINGS   2 ABSTRACT              This study aimed to evaluate the application effects of different irrigation depths and fertilization splittings via irrigation water on coffee bean quality  (Coffea arabica L.) Acaiá MG-1474 in an experiment located on UFLA campus in Lavras, MG, Brazil. Through drip irrigation, 5 irrigation depths and three fertilization splittings were tested. In the first two crops (1998/1999 and 1999/2000) the quality of coffee beverage through chemical and sensorial method, as well as the classification through sieves were determined. The beverage quality determined through sensorial analysis classified all the samples as “hard” beverage, showing no differences among applied treatments. The chemical analysis didn’t present any clear tendency distinguishing the distinct applied treatments, leading all the samples to be classified as “hard” or “only soft” beverage. The separation through sieves presented high percentage of bigger beans (sieves 16 and above) in the irrigated treatments in relation to the non-irrigated one, indicating that there is fruit  better formation in these treatments. According to the obtained results the conclusions were as follows: 1) the different irrigation depths and fertilization splittings didn’t influence the coffee beverage quality; 2) the irrigation provided an increase in the processed coffee beans.  KEYWORDS: Coffee, irrigation, fertilization, quality.1 Trabalho financiado pela EMBRAPA (PNP & D/Café) e FAPEMIG1 Extraído da dissertação de Mestrado do primeiro autor , apresentada à UFLA 

577 The Collaboration of Burn Outreach and Wound Care Nurses

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S140-S140
Author(s):  
Ekta Vohra
Keyword(s):  
Wound Care ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Burn Wounds

Abstract Introduction Certified wound care nurses perform a vital role in skin health and management in the hospital setting. During the certification process, minimal time is spent on burn wound education, despite the fact that wound care nurses are consulted for various wound etiologies; one of those being burns. This construct created a need for collaboration between the burn team and wound care nurses. Although all burns are essentially wounds, the reality is that all wounds are not burns. The management of the burn wound is often different from the management of pressure injuries or surgical wounds. In speaking with the wound care nurses at this large urban academic medical center, a knowledge gap was identified in burn wound care education as well as appropriate and timely consultation of the burn team. Methods This knowledge improvement project focused on educating the wound care nurses in assessment and treatment of burns, and the process for burn service consultation. Burn education was provided through in-person didactic presentations. The lecture included burn wound photos with opportunities to classify the potential depth of burn wounds as well as typical complications. Additionally, it discussed when a burn consult is needed. A basic knowledge retrospective pre-posttest method was utilized. Results An educational plan was tailored to meet the learning needs of the wound care nurses to address the knowledge gap. Post test data results were tracked. Post scores were increased, indicating a successful educational intervention. Also, while providing the education, the burn outreach coordinator identified an opportunity to expand the burn center’s presence among colleagues through collaboration with the wound care nurses. The wound nurses made excellent ambassadors for the mission of the burn service. Conclusions Provision of burn education across disciplines may improve recognition of burn wounds and facilitate definitive treatment.

556 The Use of a Concentrated Surfactant Based Gel to Promote Burn Wound Healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S126-S127
Author(s):  
Rebecca Coffey ◽  
Rachel Penny
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
New Product ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Product Trial ◽  
Burn Wound Healing

Abstract Introduction Strategies to remove necrotic tissue from burn wounds include excisional and non-excisional debridement. Alternative treatments could promote burn wound healing while minimizing patient discomfort and the need for surgery. We evaluated the usage of a concentrated surfactant gel (CSG) to promote burn wound healing in those with indeterminate depth and full thickness burn injuries. Methods An IRB approved retrospective study was conducted during a 10-patient new product trial period with enrollment between September and October 2019. Patients included in this study had indeterminate or full thickness burn wounds and were treated with a concentrated surfactant-based gel. Patients with non-burn diagnoses were excluded. Data collected included demographic information, injury descriptors, and additional burn wound characteristics. Results A total of 10 patients were included in this study as part of a new product trial. The subjects were 80% male with an average TBSA of 7.5%. 40% had indeterminate and 60% had full thickness burn wounds. Prior to initiation of the CSG, the burn wounds had been open for an average of 41 days. There were no infections or complications with usage of the CSG. 90% of patients reported less pain than the standard of care topical agents for burns. Average duration of treatment with the CSG until healing was 28 days. After usage of the CSG, no patients required surgery. Conclusions Our findings support the usage of a concentrated surfactant-based gel in patients with burn wounds. Patients reported decreased pain during dressing changes and ease of use compared to the standard topical agent in burn care. It also prevented surgical debridement in those with indeterminate and full thickness burn injuries.

scholarly journals Arginine Is a Critical Substrate for the Pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Burn Wound Infections

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Everett ◽  
Keith Turner ◽  
Qiuxian Cai ◽  
Vernita Gordon ◽  
Marvin Whiteley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence

ABSTRACT Environmental conditions affect bacterial behavior and can greatly influence the course of an infection. However, the environmental cues that elicit bacterial responses in specific infection sites are relatively unknown. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is ubiquitous in nature and typically innocuous. However, it is also one of the most prevalent causes of fatal sepsis in burn wound patients. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of environmental factors, specifically the availability of arginine, on the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa in burn wound infections. Comparison of burned versus noninjured tissue revealed that l-arginine (l-Arg) was significantly depleted in burn wounds as a consequence of elevated arginase produced by myeloid-derived suppressor cells. We also observed that l-Arg was a potent chemoattractant for P. aeruginosa, and while low concentrations of l-Arg increased P. aeruginosa’s swimming motility, high concentrations resulted in diminished swimming. Based on these observations, we tested whether the administration of exogenous l-Arg into the burn wound could attenuate the virulence of P. aeruginosa in thermally injured mice. Administration of l-Arg resulted in decreased P. aeruginosa spread and sepsis and increased animal survival. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the availability of environmental arginine greatly influences the virulence of P. aeruginosa in vivo and may represent a promising phenotype-modulating tool for future therapeutic avenues. IMPORTANCE Despite our growing understanding of the pathophysiology of burn wounds and the evolution of techniques and practices to manage infections, sepsis remains a significant medical concern for burn patients. P. aeruginosa continues to be a leader among all causes of bacteremic infections due to its tendency to cause complications in immunocompromised patients and its ubiquitous presence in the hospital setting. With the unforgiving emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, it is critical that alternative strategies to control or prevent septic infections in burn patients be developed in parallel with novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, we observed that administration of l-Arg significantly reduced bacterial spread and sepsis in burned mice infected with P. aeruginosa. Given the safety of l-Arg in high doses and its potential wound-healing benefits, this conditionally essential amino acid may represent a useful tool to modulate bacterial behavior in vivo and prevent sepsis in burn patients. IMPORTANCE Despite our growing understanding of the pathophysiology of burn wounds and the evolution of techniques and practices to manage infections, sepsis remains a significant medical concern for burn patients. P. aeruginosa continues to be a leader among all causes of bacteremic infections due to its tendency to cause complications in immunocompromised patients and its ubiquitous presence in the hospital setting. With the unforgiving emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, it is critical that alternative strategies to control or prevent septic infections in burn patients be developed in parallel with novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, we observed that administration of l-Arg significantly reduced bacterial spread and sepsis in burned mice infected with P. aeruginosa. Given the safety of l-Arg in high doses and its potential wound-healing benefits, this conditionally essential amino acid may represent a useful tool to modulate bacterial behavior in vivo and prevent sepsis in burn patients.

Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Burn Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Yasser M. Ismail ◽  
Sahar M. Fayed ◽  
Fatma M. Elesawy ◽  
Nora Z Abd El-Halim ◽  
Ola S. El-Shimi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Genes Encoding

Background: The biggest concern for a burn team is a nosocomial infection in burn patients, which is a significant health issue. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an extremely troublesome drug-resistant bacterium in the world today. We are now faced with rising P. aeruginosa pan-drug-resistant clones in hospital settings. Objectives: To evaluate the distribution of different virulence factors generated by P. aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infections, together with its antimicrobial susceptibility. Methodology: The isolates reported as P. aeruginosa were further tested for the presence of various phenotypic and genotypic virulence factors including (Biofilm formation, lipase, protease, gelatinase, DNase, bile esculin hydrolysis & hemolysin). Also, genes encoding (nan 1 and Exo A) were investigated by PCR using specific primers. All the isolates were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Results: The study reported that toxins and enzymes were expressed by the tested strains in varying proportions; (92.0%) were producing β-hemolysin, lipase (86%), and protease (86%). The formation of biofilm was observed in 84%. Exo A (70%) was the main virulence gene found in the tested strains. Nan 1 gene was identified in 30% of the samples. 82% of MDRPA isolates were found. There is indeed a relationship between biofilm production and drug resistance, as well as the presence of virulence genes (nan 1 and Exo A) were associated with certain patients and burn wounds characteristics as burn size, burn wound depth, length of hospital stays, and socioeconomic status. Conclusions: Correlation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence profiles with burn wounds and patient-related data can be useful in establishing of an appropriate preventive protocol for hospitalized patients with P. aeruginosa burn serious infections. The targeting of these bacterial virulence arsenals is also a promising approach to developing alternative drugs, which act by attenuating the aggressiveness of the pathogen and reducing its potential to cause vigorous infection.

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