scholarly journals STUDY OF KINETICS MODEL OF FLAVONOID TOTAL RELEASE IN PATCH OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE HERBS

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Dian Eka Ermawati ◽  
Anif Nur Artanti ◽  
Dyah Ayu Ambarwati ◽  
Niken Rosyana Dewi Septini ◽  
Sholichah Rohmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Kinetics Model ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Optimum Proportion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Optimum Formula

The liquid extract of antihypertensive herbs could reduce blood pressure equivalent to Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg based on research conducted in “Hortus Medicus” clinic, Tawangmangu, Central Java, but parameters of herbal medicine taste, design, and packaging had the lowest scores. Transdermal patch was chosen as an alternative to resolve those problems. Polymers determined the effectiveness of the active substance release from the formula. Patch was formulated from combination of hydrophilic hydroxy methylcellulose (HPMC) and carboxymethylcellulose natrium (CMC-Na) polymer which would produce a fast release profile. The objective of this research was to study the kinetics models of total flavonoid release and to study the total number of flavonoids released from the antihypertensive herbs patch for 5 hours, as well as to determine the optimum formula for observing the weight, pH and loss on drying. Herbs were infused with distilled water at 90 ° C for 15 minutes, filtered then evaporated. Release kinetics model used a modified type-5 dissolution apparatus equipment with a cellophane membrane. The optimum proportion of HPMC and CMC-Na was 220:180 mg. Patch was dark brown, circle shaped, moist and flexible. It had pH value of 7.29 ± 0.09, folding endurance of >350, and thickness of 0.64 ± 0.05 mm. The average percentage of total flavonoids released from the matrix patch was 37.23% for 5 hours. The release kinetics followed the Higuchi kinetics model with a diffusion mechanism.

scholarly journals Analysis of Dissolution of Salicylamide from Carrageenan Based Hard-Shell Capsules: A Study of the Drug-Matrix Interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Muhammad Al Rizqi Dharma Fauzi ◽  
Esti Hendradi ◽  
Pratiwi Pudjiastuti ◽  
Riyanto Teguh Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Matrix Interaction ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Hard Shell

In drug release kinetics, the drug-matrix interaction is one of the important mechanisms to be dictated. Unfortunately, there is still minimum information discussing the effect of interaction between a drug and its matrix to the release profile of the drug. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct research related to the study of drug-matrix interaction. This paper reports the preparation of a drug delivery system (DDS) in the form of hard-shell capsules containing salicylamide (SCA) and analyses its drug-matrix interaction via dissolution test at different pH media and various release kinetics models. The matrix of hard-shell capsules was prepared from κ-carrageenan (CRG), crosslinked with maltodextrin (MD), and plasticized by sorbitol (SOR). The chemical properties of SCA were compared with paracetamol (PCT) using computational analysis to help to depict its drug-matrix interaction. The statistical analyses showed that SCA and PCT at pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8 had all different release profiles. Based on the goodness of fit evaluation, the diffusion mechanism of SCA at pH 1.2 and 4.5 could be best described by the Peppas-Sahlin model while the zeroth-order model fitted the dissolution profile at pH 6.8. In summary, it was proven that a different drug-matrix interaction produced a different dissolution profile.

PENGEMBANGAN MINUMAN BERBASIS TEH DAN REMPAH SEBAGAI MINUMAN FUNGSIONAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Chairiyah Batubara ◽  
Nindia Arum Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Carbohydrate Level ◽  
Optimum Formula ◽  
Functional Drink

Teh dan rempah memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang berguna untuk kesehatan. Tujuan dari pembelajaran ini adalah untuk mendapatkan formula minuman fungsional teh dan rempah terbaik. Penelitian ini menggunakan mixture design untuk menentukan formula optimum minuman fungsional terbaik yang terdiri dari gula merah, bubuk kayu manis dan bubuk kapulaga. Berdasarkan input batas atas dan batas bawah dari bahan baku sehingga didapatkan 16 formulasi yang akan diteliti. Untuk batas atas gula merah yaitu 40 dan batas bawah gula merah yaitu 35. Untuk batas atas bubuk kayu manis yaitu 15 dan batas bawah kayu manis yaitu 10. Untuk batas atas bubuk kapulaga yaitu 50 dan batas bawah bubuk kapulaga yaitu 45. Untuk menentukan kualitas minuman fungsional dilakukan uji kimia (uji karbohidrat, gula total dan nilai pH, uji fisik (Uji viskositas), uji organoleptik (uji hedonik untuk warna, aroma, rasa dan kekentalan) dan mutu hedonik yang ditentukan dari kesukaan panelis terhadap warna, aroma, rasa dan kekentalan) dan uji antioksidan. Penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan formula optimum yang terbaik dari hasil pengacakan oleh mixture design. Hasil dari pengolahan mixture design adalah anova, grafik dan duncan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian formula minuman fungsional yang masih dapat diterima adalah formulasi 11 yang terdiri dari 40% gula merah, 12.67% bubuk kayu manis dan 47.32% bubuk kapulaga. Formula 11 mengandung 0.39% karbohidrat, 15.46% gula total, 5.38% pH 4.98%  viskositas dan 255.41 mg antoksidanSpice tea have antioxidants compounds that are beneficial for health. The purpose of this study was to get the best spice tea formulation as a functional drink. This research used a mixture design to obtain the best optimum formula functional drink that composed by brown sugar, cinnamon powder and cardamom powder. Based on input the upper and lower limits of raw materials then get 16 formulations will be researched. The upper limit of brown sugar, cinnamon powder and cardamom powder is 40, 15 and 50. The lower limit of brown sugar, cinnamon powder and cardamom powder is 35, 10 and 45. The functional drink quality determined by chemical test (carbohydrate level, total sugar and pH value), physical test (viscosity level), organoleptic test and antioxidan level. Data was processed statistically using Design Expert application with one-way analysis (one way ANOVA) at 95% confidence level. Duncan`s follow-up was carried out to find out the differences between treatments if ANOVA had a significant effect. Based on the results of the research, formulation functional drink are still aceptable is formulation 11 of 40% brown sugar, 12.67% cinnamon powder and 47.32% cardamom powder. Formulation 11 contained carbohydrate level 0.39%, total sugar 15.46% and pH value 5.38%, viscosity level 4.98%, and antioxidan level 255.41 mg

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TIMOLOL MALEATE-LOADED NANOPARTICLES GEL BY IONIC GELATION METHOD USING CHITOSAN AND SODIUM ALGINATE

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
RISA AHDYANI ◽  
LARAS NOVITASARI ◽  
RONNY MARTIEN
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Timolol Maleate ◽  
Optimum Formula

Objective: The objectives of this study were to formulate and characterize nanoparticles gel of timolol maleate (TM) by ionic gelation method using chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA). Methods: Optimization was carried out by factorial design using Design Expert®10.0.1 software to obtain the concentration of CS, SA, and calcium chloride (CaCl2) to produce the optimum formula of TM nanoparticles. The optimum formula was characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, Zeta potential, and molecular structure. Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) K15 was incorporated into optimum formula to form nanoparticles gel of TM and carried out in vivo release study using the Franz Diffusion Cell. Results: TM nanoparticles was successfully prepared with concentration of CS, SA, and CaCl2 of 0.01 % (w/v), 0.1 % (w/v), and 0.25 % (w/v), respectively. The particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and Zeta potential were found to be 200.47±4.20 nm, 0.27±0.0154, 35.23±4.55 %, and-5.68±1.80 mV, respectively. The result of FTIR spectra indicated TM-loaded in the nanoparticles system. In vitro release profile of TM-loaded nanoparticles gel showed controlled release and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model was found to be the best fit for drug release kinetics. Conclusion: TM-loaded CS/SA nanoparticles gel was successfully prepared and could be considered as a promising candidate for controlled TM delivery of infantile hemangioma treatment.

scholarly journals In vitro Release Kinetics Study of Ranolazine from Swellable Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nezab Uddin ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmed ◽  
Monzurul Amin Roni ◽  
Muhammad Rashedul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Habibur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Vitro Release

The objective of this study was to design oral sustained release matrix tablets of Ranolazine usinghydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as the retardant polymer and to study the effect of formulation factors suchas polymer proportion and polymer viscosity on the release of drug. In vitro release studies were performed usingUSP type II apparatus (paddle method) in 900 mL of 0.1N HCl at 100 rpm for 12 hours. The release kinetics wasanalyzed using the zero-order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas equations to explore and explain themechanism of drug release from the matrix tablets. In vitro release studies revealed that the release rate decreasedwith increase in polymer proportion and viscosity grade. Mathematical analysis of the release kinetics indicated thatthe nature of drug release from the matrix tablets was dependent on drug diffusion and polymer relaxation andtherefore followed non-Fickian or anomalous release. The developed controlled release matrix tablets of Ranolazineprepared with high viscosity HPMC extended release up to 12 hours.Key words: Ranolazine; Sustained release; Methocel E50 Premium LV; Methocel K100LV CR; Methocel K4M CR;Methocel K15M CR.DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v8i1.5333Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 8(1): 31-38, 2009 (June)

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pembangunan Perumahan Bagi Rumah Tangga Miskin (RTM) Terhadap Kondisi Sosial-Ekonomi Masyarakat Kelurahan Sawah Besar, Kecamatan Gayamsari, Kota Semarang

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Maharani Tri Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Poor Households

This research is motivated by the problems there is the number of poor people in Central Java who live in the houses not livable. Therefore, Central Java Provincial Government made a Housing Development Program for Poor Households. Central Java province has been conducting monitoring and evaluation of the program, but is only the aspect of a physicaly output, whereas according to the concept Tridaya that housing construction should also touching the social and economic conditions of society, so the researchers are interested in conduct research on how the influence of the development program of housing for poor households to the socio-economic condition of society in Kelurahan Sawah Besar, Kecamatan Gayamsari Kota Semarang. The research methodology used in this study is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis with nonparametric statistical methods using statistical test of Wilcoxon different test as well as the influence of the Pearson correlation test using SPSS version 20. The conclusion is the average percentage of target accuracy analysis is based on the condition of households amounted to 31.50%, while the results of the analysis target accuracy of the condition of the house building is at 68.75 %. As a result of the implementation of the program is able to improve the physical condition by 55%, improving social conditions by 45%, but the economic outlook has decreased by 10%, due to a decrease in variable levels of spending, which is caused by the number of respondents who went into debt in the implementation of development / repair their house. Therefore, the need for revisions or changes in the criteria determining the target households, using of local wisdom, which is expected to generate empowerment in its implementation so as to avoid people from debt problems.

scholarly journals Leaching Behaviors of Chromium(III) and Ammonium-Nitrogen from a Tannery Sludge in North China: Comparison of Batch and Column Investigations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 6003
Author(s):  
Xiangke Kong ◽  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
Lisha Ma ◽  
Guoxin Huang ◽  
Zhaoji Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Tannery Sludge ◽  
Leaching Condition ◽  
Positive Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Dynamic Leaching

Tannery sludge usually has high content of trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N). It is important to make a critical evaluation of the releasing behaviors of Cr(III) and NH4+-N from tannery sludge before its use on improving soil fertility in agricultural applications. For this purpose, static batch and dynamic leaching experiments with different mathematical models were carried out to simulate the Cr(III) and NH4+-N releasing kinetics from tannery sludge sampled in a typical tannery disposal site in North China, and their influencing factors were also discussed. The results showed that a larger solid-liquid ratio, a higher temperature, and a lower pH value of the leaching solution were beneficial for the release of Cr(III) and NH4+-N from the tannery sludge. The release kinetics of Cr(III) and NH4+-N followed parabolic diffusion and simple Elovich models both in the static and dynamic leaching conditions, indicating that the release was a complex heterogeneous diffusion process. The NH4+-N was easy to be leached out and its released amount reached 3.14 mg/g under the dynamic leaching condition (pH 7), whereas the released amount of the Cr(III) was only 0.27 μg/g from the tannery sludge. There was a positive correlation coefficient between dissolved Fe and Cr(III) in the leachate under different leaching conditions, and the calculated average ratio of Fe/Cr(III) concentration was 3.56, indicating that the small amount of the released Cr(III) came from the dissolution of Cr0.25Fe0.75(OH)3 minerals in tannery sludge.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND CHARACTERISATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF PHENFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Pratik Swarup Das ◽  
Puja Saha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Transdermal Patches ◽  
The Matrix

Objective: In present work was designed to develop suitable transdermal matrix patches of Phenformin hydrochloride using various hydrophilic (HPMC) and hydrophobic (EUDRAGID) polymers as matrix formers.Methods: Transdermal patches containing Phenformin hydrochloride were prepared by the solvent casting evaporation technique.Results: Revealed that prepared patches showed good physical characteristics, no drug-polymer interaction and no skin irritation was observed. The in vitro release study revealed that F3 formulation showed maximum release in 24 h. Formulation F3 was subjected for accelerated stability studies. The F3 formulation was found to be stable as there was no drastic change in the Physico-chemical properties of the patches, which was also confirmed by FTIR.Conclusion: Thus conclusion can be made that stable transdermal patches of Phenformin hydrochloride has been developed. F1, F2, F3, F4 formulations showed highest cumulative percentage drug release of 98.13%, 95.50%, 98.65%, 97.21% were obtained during in vitro drug release studies after 24 h. The release of Phenformin hydrochloride appears to be dependent on lipophilicity of the matrix. Moderately lipophillic matrices showed best release. The predominant release mechanism of drug through the fabricated matrices was believed to be by diffusion mechanism. Based upon the in vitro dissolution data the F3 formulation was concluded as optimized formulation.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Nanosilica for Zinc Ion Mitigation; Experimental and Computational Investigations

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5534
Author(s):  
Zarshad Ali ◽  
Rashid Ahmad ◽  
W. Aslam Farooq ◽  
Aslam Khan ◽  
Adnan Ali Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Impact

Zinc is an essential trace metal and its concentration above 4ppm reduces the aesthetic value of water. This study explores the possibility of using functionalized nanohybrids as Zn(II) ion scavengers from aqueous solution. Functionalized nanohybrids were synthesized by the attachment of thiosemicarbazide to silica. The material was characterized by TGA, SEM, FTIR, EDX, and BET analysis, which revealed ligand bonding to silica. The functionalized silica was employed as Zn(II) ion extractant in batch experiments and removed about 94.5% of the Zn(II) ions at pH 7, near zero point charge (6.5) in 30 min. Kinetics investigations revealed that zinc adsorption follows an intra particle diffusion mechanism and first-order kinetics (K = 0.1020 min−1). The data were fitted to Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Langmuir models and useful ion exchange parameters were determined. The impact of co-existing ions on Zn(II) ion sequestration was also studied and it was found that the adsorbent can be used for selective removal of zinc with various ions in the matrix. Quantum mechanical investigations revealed that the Zn(II) ion adsorption on ZnBS1 is more favorable, having higher binding energy (BE) (−178.1 kcal/mol) and ∆H (−169.8), and making tridentate complex with the N and S sites of the chelating ligand. The negative ∆G and BE values suggest highly spontaneous Zn(II) adsorption on the modified silica even at low temperatures.

scholarly journals The combination of simplex lattice design and chemometrics in the formulation of green tea leaves as transdermal matrix patch

Pharmacia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-282
Author(s):  
Eka Indra Setyawan ◽  
Abdul Rohman ◽  
Erna Prawita Setyowati ◽  
Akhmad Kharis Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Drug Release Kinetics ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice Design ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Matrix Patch

Aim: This study was aimed to formulate a transdermal matrix patch using green tea leaf extract. Materials and methods: The transdermal matrix patch formulation was optimized by the simplex lattice design method. The correlation between responses was analyzed using chemometrics. The observed responses were: 1. the physical properties of the matrix patch, and 2. the percentage of dissolution efficiency of catechins, caffeine, and epigallocatechin gallate released from the patch. The determination of drug release kinetics was based on the curve-fitting analysis using zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. Results: The results showed that the optimal formula was obtained using the mixture of HPMC K100, HPMC K4M, and PEG 400 at a ratio of 4.0: 4.5: 0.5. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that %DE300 values of catechin caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate positively correlate. A similar condition was observed between the weight and thickness of the matrix. Drug release kinetics follows the Korsmeyer-Peppas model.

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