scholarly journals Study of Physiochemical Properties of Local Wheat Cultivars and Their Effect on White Layer Cake Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
Shano Abdulrahman Omer ◽  
Dlir Amin Saber
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
White Layer ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Layer Cake ◽  
Pasting Temperature ◽  
Cake Quality ◽  
And Control

Physiochemical and rheological properties of local wheat cultivars were studied to determine and develop their relationship to baking quality of white layer cake. The investigation carried out via studying four different wheat cultivars  (Adana, Sham 6, Tamooz 2, and Slemani 2), and comparing to a locally produced flour (from Sulaimani Cereal Milling Company) as control. According to physical parameters, the highest value were obtained by Slemani 2, and in terms of falling number control also recorded the highest. In regards to chemical composition (such as; Protein, Fat, Ash, and Moisture) the greatest values were reported by (Tamooz 2, Sham 6, Adana, and Slemani 2) respectively. Nevertheless, rheological characteristics for farinograph in terms of (water absorption, developing time, stability, and tolerance mixing index), the highest values were achieved by  (Tamooz 2, Adana, Control, and Sham 6), respectively. While for amylograph characteristics the highest values were recorded in Slemani 2, and Control in terms of (pasting temperature, and peak viscosity) respectively. The gluten yield parameters tested for gluten index, and dry gluten in which the results obtained for Control, and Sham 6 were the greatest. For physical characteristics of the white layer cake the Control achieved the highest value for volume index, symmetry index, and specific volume. Finally, the Control and Adana have scored the highest values for sensory evaluation. In general, the best white layer cake quality was obtained from the Control, Adana, and Sham 6, hence the protein quality and quantity have great influence on the end product.

scholarly journals Fermented Millet “Ibyer” Beverage Enhanced with Ginger Powder: An Assessment of Microbiological, Pasting, Proximate, and Sensorial Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3151
Author(s):  
Maria Iji Adakole ◽  
Akama Friday Ogori ◽  
Julius Kwagh-Hal Ikya ◽  
Vincent Upev ◽  
Giacomo Sardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Powder Preparation ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Ginger Powder ◽  
Pasting Temperature ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Mouth Feel ◽  
And Control

A fermented millet flour called “Ibyer” traditionally available in Nigeria is increasingly being enhanced with ginger powder, of which its quality characteristics to our best knowledge appears not yet reported. To supplement existing information, therefore, the microbiological (which involved bacteria and fungi counts), pasting (which involved peak viscosity, trough, breakdown, final viscosity, set back, peak time, and pasting temperature), proximate (which involved moisture, ash, crude fat, fiber, protein, as well as carbohydrates), and sensory (which involved appearance, aroma, mouth-feel, consistency, taste, and overall acceptability) properties of fermented millet “ibyer” beverage enhanced with ginger powder were investigated. The major experimental stages included assembly of millet flour and ginger powder, preparation of blend formulation, making of “ibyer” beverage blends, and laboratory analysis. The blend involved fermented millet flour (FMF) decreasing, and ginger powder (GP) increasing, by proportions. Results showed noticeable microbiological, pasting, proximate, and sensory differences between blend samples and control. Compared to control, the blend samples obtained reduced bacterial and fungal counts, with increased peak, trough, final, set back viscosities, peak time, and pasting temperature, as well as moisture, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude protein contents, but yet, with decreased sensory appearance, aroma, mouthfeel, taste, and overall acceptability.

scholarly journals A gradient field defeats the inherent repulsion between magnetic nanorods

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 140271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Gu ◽  
Ruslan Burtovyy ◽  
John Custer ◽  
Igor Luzinov ◽  
Konstantin G. Kornev
Keyword(s):  
Phase Portrait ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Uniform Magnetic Field ◽  
Gradient Field ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Uniform Field ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Nanorods ◽  
Field Gradients ◽  
And Control

When controlling the assembly of magnetic nanorods and chains of magnetic nanoparticles, it is extremely challenging to bring them together side by side while keeping a desired spacing between their axes. We show that this challenge can be successfully resolved by using a non-uniform magnetic field that defeats an inherent repulsion between nanorods. Nickel nanorods were suspended in a viscous film and a non-uniform field was used to control their placement. The in-plane movement of nanorods was tracked with a high-speed camera and a detailed image analysis was conducted to quantitatively characterize the behaviour of the nanorods. The analysis focused on the behaviour of a pair of neighbour nanorods, and a corresponding dynamic model was formulated and investigated. The complex two-dimensional dynamics of a nanorod pair was analysed analytically and numerically, and a phase portrait was constructed. Using this phase portrait, we classified the nanorod behaviour and revealed the experimental conditions in which nanorods could be placed side by side. Dependence of the distance between a pair of neighbour nanorods on physical parameters was analysed. With the aid of the proposed theory, one can build different lattices and control their spacing by applying different field gradients.

Dynamic Modeling and Control of Packing Pressure in Injection Molding

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hu ◽  
J. H. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Packing Pressure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plastic Injection

A dynamic model of injection molding developed from physical considerations is used to select PID gains for pressure control during the packing phase of thermo-plastic injection molding. The relative importance of various aspects of the model and values for particular physical parameters were identified experimentally. The controller gains were chosen by pole-zero cancellation and root-locus methods, resulting in good control performance. Both open and closed-loop system responses were predicted and verified, with good overall agreement.

In Search of the Jerk Element

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary P. Belyaev ◽  
Samuel N. Downes ◽  
Philip A. Voglewede
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Motion Planning ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Magneto Rheological ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract Mechanical components, such as springs, dampers and mass, alter and influence an engineered system’s motion based upon a system’s position, velocity and acceleration, respectively. This paper aims to discover and develop another element (dubbed the damper) which provides a force proportional to a system’s jerk (i.e., the derivative of acceleration) to better engineer a system’s response. By utilizing the known applications of jerk in motion planning and control theory, existing possible physical implementations and uses of jerk and the jerk element are discussed in relation to its influence on the system’s response, specifically vibration. Using a Buckingham Pi approach, the theoretical background of the jerk element is presented and possible physical parameters are combined to show how the jerk element could be created from common elements and parameters. The most promising approach of varying the magnetic field of existing magneto-rheological dampers is developed to give an example of the jerk element along with the difficulties and concerns in developing the jerk element. This paper serves less of a purpose towards answering all questions of the jerk element, but rather focuses more on posing the appropriate questions which sets the stage for an easily realizable future jerk element which can improve system performance.

Digital Analysis of Hydraulic Cone Valve Turbulence Based on Fluent 3D Solver

2013 ◽  
Vol 385-386 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Hong Ji ◽  
Wei Guo Zhu ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Jing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Valve Seat ◽  
Taper Angle ◽  
Turbulent Characteristics ◽  
Hydraulic Hammer ◽  
Drive And Control ◽  
And Control

The hydraulic cone valve is an important basic component in Fluid drive and control technology. Characteristic of cone valve inner flow filed influences directly the valves performance. Especially when fluid flow in runner is turbulent, characteristics of flow field have great influence on the valves working performance.Main work of this paper is numerical calculation and simulation of cone valve inner runner flow field inside hydraulic hammer. First make a 3D modeling for cone valve using Pro/E, by fluent this paper analyses and discusses the distribution of hydraulic cone valve internal flow field including flow velocity field, pressure field and flow, etc when the cone valve core taper angle is 30°, the gap is 0.5 mm, and inlet velocity is different, analyses position and strength of the vortex, and finds out the main reason for energy consumption.The results of the study show that by the optimal design of the cone valve seat, the density degree of the flow and the size of the vortex is reduced, the energy loss is reduced, negative pressure zone also changes, the noise is reduced and the energy utilization is improved.

scholarly journals The Roles of Ubiquitin-Binding Protein Shuttles in the Degradative Fate of Ubiquitinated Proteins in the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Autophagy

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zientara-Rytter ◽  
Suresh Subramani
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Oligomeric State ◽  
Receptor Associated Protein ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
And Control ◽  
Recognition Code

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are the two major intracellular protein quality control (PQC) pathways that are responsible for cellular proteostasis (homeostasis of the proteome) by ensuring the timely degradation of misfolded, damaged, and unwanted proteins. Ubiquitination serves as the degradation signal in both these systems, but substrates are precisely targeted to one or the other pathway. Determining how and when cells target specific proteins to these two alternative PQC pathways and control the crosstalk between them are topics of considerable interest. The ubiquitin (Ub) recognition code based on the type of Ub-linked chains on substrate proteins was believed to play a pivotal role in this process, but an increasing body of evidence indicates that the PQC pathway choice is also made based on other criteria. These include the oligomeric state of the Ub-binding protein shuttles, their conformation, protein modifications, and the presence of motifs that interact with ATG8/LC3/GABARAP (autophagy-related protein 8/microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3/GABA type A receptor-associated protein) protein family members. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the Ub recognition code that is bound by Ub-binding proteasomal and autophagic receptors. We also discuss how cells can modify substrate fate by modulating the structure, conformation, and physical properties of these receptors to affect their shuttling between both degradation pathways.

scholarly journals Sizing and Control Algorithms of a Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5147
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage System ◽  
And Control

Growing consciousness of the threat posed by man-made climate change has spurred government institutions, industry, and science to find clean fuels to power economic activity. Fuel cells powered by hydrogen are one of the steps in gaining clean energy. To improve the efficiency of the fuel cell, the hybrid solutions are required. This article shows a new approach to the design and control of a hybrid energy storage system for portable applications. The methodology allows us to optimize the desired physical parameters of the elements (weight or size) in order to withstand the connected load power demand. Such an approach allows us to minimize weight, which is essential in portable systems. The methodology was proven by building a technology demonstrator. The measurements of physical objects verified the electrical parameters received during simulation and allowed a lower weight of the system, compared to the system based only on Li-ion batteries.

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