Histopathological and morphological alterations in salivary gland of House fly induced by oral administration Thiamethoxam.

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Mohammed Xider
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Active Component ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Gland Duct ◽  
Feeding Process

The current work the effect of Actara insecticide belongs to chemical family Neonicotinoid. The active component of thiamethoxam in three concentrations: 0.750 ppm, 1.5 ppm and 2.25ppm   on adult house fly salivary glands. Histopathological and morphological effects revealed important alterations produced by this insecticide in histological and morphology of the adult house fly gland tissue categorized by increasing gland duct lumen diameter. These alterations are possibly related with excretion function of salivary gland might be accountable for removing this insecticide. Results show thiamethoxam is a powerful insecticide that performances histologically in salivary glant tissue, triggering alterations in the glands  form, cytoplasm  with extreme vacuolation ,disruption cell membrane, obvious disorganization tissues cells, terminating in progressive deteriorating phase with changes in nucleus glandular cell's, such alterations occurred together in its size and form of gland, disintegration of nucleus, and presence of apoptosis(fragmentation) nucleus, accelerating the process of glandular degeneration ,and interfering with feeding process of house fly particularly when the peak concentration of  insecticide  was used.

scholarly journals Saliva and its potential in covid-19 cannot be ignored: a point of view

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sukhvinder Singh Oberoi ◽  
Shabina Sachdeva ◽  
Shibani Grover ◽  
Vivek Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Gland Duct

Abstract It has been demonstrated that salivary gland duct cells have similar receptors as ACE2-positive cells/keratin epithelial cells of the lung which have high potential to be infected by SARS-CoV 2 virus. The aerosols carrying virus have penetration into the healthy human body and lungs via inhalation through nose or mouth.

scholarly journals Enhanced Bioavailability and Efficacy of Silymarin Solid Dispersion in Rats with Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Im-Sook Song ◽  
So-Jeong Nam ◽  
Ji-Hyeon Jeon ◽  
Soo-Jin Park ◽  
Min-Koo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Solid Dispersion ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Permeation Enhancer ◽  
Efflux Ratio ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 1000

We evaluated the bioavailability, liver distribution, and efficacy of silymarin-D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) solid dispersion (silymarin-SD) in rats with acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity (APAP) compared with silymarin alone. The solubility of silybin, the major and active component of silymarin, in the silymarin-SD group increased 23-fold compared with the silymarin group. The absorptive permeability of silybin increased by 4.6-fold and its efflux ratio decreased from 5.5 to 0.6 in the presence of TPGS. The results suggested that TPGS functioned as a solubilizing agent and permeation enhancer by inhibiting efflux pump. Thus, silybin concentrations in plasma and liver were increased in the silymarin-SD group and liver distribution increased 3.4-fold after repeated oral administration of silymarin-SD (20 mg/kg as silybin) for five consecutive days compared with that of silymarin alone (20 mg/kg as silybin). Based on higher liver silybin concentrations in the silymarin-SD group, the therapeutic effects of silymarin-SD in hepatotoxic rats were evaluated and compared with silymarin administration only. Elevated alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly decreased by silymarin-SD, silymarin, and TPGS treatments, but these decreases were much higher in silymarin-SD animals than in those treated with silymarin or TPGS. In conclusion, silymarin-SD (20 mg/kg as silybin, three times per day for 5 days) exhibited hepatoprotective properties toward hepatotoxic rats and these properties were superior to silymarin alone, which may be attributed to increased solubility, enhanced intestinal permeability, and increased liver distribution of the silymarin-SD formulation.

Hyperglycemia Induces Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Accelerates Apoptotic Cell Death in Salivary Gland Cells

Pathobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Matsumoto ◽  
Daisuke Omagari ◽  
Ryoko Ushikoshi-Nakayama ◽  
Tomoe Yamazaki ◽  
Hiroko Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Salivary Gland Tissue ◽  
Gland Tissue

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with several systemic vascular symptoms and xerostomia. It is considered that hyperglycemia-induced polyuria and dehydration cause decreased body-water volume, leading to decreased saliva secretion and, ultimately, xerostomia. In T2DM, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes tissue damage to vascular endothelial cells as well as epithelial tissue, including pancreas and cornea. Hence, a similar phenomenon may occur in other tissues and glands in a hyperglycemic environment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Salivary gland tissue injury was examined, using T2DM model mouse (db/db). Transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) was conducted to evaluate tissue injury. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were measured as indicator of oxidative stress. Moreover, in vitro ROS production and cell injury was evaluated by mouse salivary gland-derived normal cells under high-glucose condition culture. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In vivo and in vitro analysis showed a higher percentage of TUNEL-positive cells and higher levels of MDA and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in salivary gland tissue of db/db mice. This suggests damage of saliva secretion-associated lipids and DNA by hyperglycemic-induced oxidative stress. To analyze the mechanism by which hyperglycemia promotes ROS production, mouse salivary gland-derived cells were isolated. The cell culture with high-glucose medium enhanced ROS production and promotes apoptotic and necrotic cell death. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These findings suggest a novel mechanism whereby hyperglycemic-induced ROS production promotes salivary gland injury, resulting in hyposalivation.

Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering and Future Diagnostics

2015 ◽  
pp. 157-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Harrington ◽  
Mariane Martinez ◽  
Danielle Wu ◽  
Swati Pradhan-Bhatt ◽  
Mary C. Farach-Carson
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Gland Tissue ◽  
Gland Tissue

scholarly journals Shotgun Proteomics Analysis of Saliva and Salivary Gland Tissue from the Common Octopus Octopus vulgaris

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3866-3876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Legana C. H. W. Fingerhut ◽  
Jan M. Strugnell ◽  
Pierre Faou ◽  
Álvaro Roura Labiaga ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Shotgun Proteomics ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Salivary Gland Tissue ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Octopus

scholarly journals Rigid swelling of sublingual caruncle area due to the salivary gland duct obstruction by a sialolith

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Bernardes Filho ◽  
Gustavo Martins ◽  
Andreia Oliveira Alves ◽  
José Ronaldo Vieira da Costa ◽  
David Rubem Azulay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Duct Obstruction ◽  
Gland Duct

Comparison of Labial Minor Salivary Gland Biopsies from Childhood Sjögren Syndrome and Age-matched Controls

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1178-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Yokogawa ◽  
Scott M. Lieberman ◽  
Faizan Alawi ◽  
Sharon Bout-Tabaku ◽  
Marta Guttenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Minor Salivary Gland ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Labial Salivary Gland ◽  
Focus Score ◽  
Salivary Gland Tissue ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Control Samples

Objective.To determine an appropriate focus score cutoff for childhood Sjögren syndrome (SS).Methods.Labial salivary gland tissue from specimens from children with SS and age-matched controls was retrospectively identified and reviewed by a blinded oral pathologist.Results.The presence of any focal sialadenitis (focus score > 0 foci/4 mm2) was common among childhood SS samples but present in only 1 of 8 control samples.Conclusion.The presence of any focal lymphocytic sialadenitis in minor labial salivary gland tissue is suggestive of childhood SS and should be included in future childhood SS-specific diagnostic or classification criteria.

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