scholarly journals Structural fire analysis of simple steel structures by using LS-DYNA explicit solver

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongcheng Ma ◽  
Jarmo Havula ◽  
Markku Heinisuo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Response ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Shell Element ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Temperature Analysis ◽  
Structural Fire ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Explicit Solver ◽  
In Fire

When design steel structures, structural fire safety design is equally important as loading-bearing design. Currently, structural fire design is moving from prescriptive approach to performance-based approach. One of the key essential techniques for performance-based approach is the numerical analysis technique of steel structures in fire using advanced calculation models. In this paper, the structural fire analysis procedure from 2D temperature analysis to structural response using Ls-Dyna was developed and validated by the fire tests of a simply supported beam, a simple steel frame and a both axially and rotationally restrained steel column. 2D implicit temperature analysis is efficient in these cases and sufficient accuracy was achieved. Using explicit solver, structural response in fire can be simulated up to collapse with the considerations of the temperature-dependent material non-linearity and possible contacts in joints. Both beam element models and shell element models were developed and the structural responses were compared with the fire tests from literature. Results show that the developed modeling techniques using Ls-Dyna explicit solver can effectively capture the key behavior of steel structures in fires. These key behavior includes deformation responses of beam and column, axial forces developed due to restraints and fire resistance time.

Lessons from the Cardington Fire Tests: Applications in the Performance-Based Fire Design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Galluzzi ◽  
Mark A. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structures ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Structural Fire ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Fire Engineering ◽  
Efficient Construction ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Structural Fire Engineering ◽  
Fire Design

<p>Performance-based fire design represents one of the routes available to design for structural fire safety. The development of the approach and the assessment of the behaviour of multi-storey composite steel structures in fire have been mainly developed from the understanding gained from the Cardington full-scale fire tests carried out between 1995-96. The tests not only contributed to the understanding of the inherent fire resistance of steel-framed buildings, but also provided significant data to validate computational finite element (FE) models which are now used to develop optimum fire protection designs for safety, sustainability and economy.</p><p>By adopting the performance-based approach to structural fire engineering, more economical designs and efficient construction programmes of buildings can be achieved. Additionally, performance-based design can enhance the levels of safety by providing a better understanding of the actual behaviour of the structure during fire.</p><p>This paper outlines the lessons learned from the Cardington fire tests and the development of the key outcomes in the last 20 years in the advancement of the performance-based fire design process. Examples of practical applications of performance-based fire design on large and tall steel-framed buildings carried out by the authors are given along with the main challenges and technical issues.</p>

Temperature analysis of steel structures protected by intumescent paint with steel claddings in fire

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-908
Author(s):  
Zhongcheng Ma ◽  
Jarmo Havula ◽  
Frantisek Wald ◽  
Kamila Cabova
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structures ◽  
Temperature Analysis ◽  
In Fire

Optimising design decision-making for steel structures in fire using a hybrid analysis technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 532-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obinna Akaa ◽  
Anthony Abu ◽  
Michael Spearpoint ◽  
Sonia Giovinazzi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Hybrid Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
In Fire

Comparison of Simplified and Advanced Design of Steel Structures in Fire

2018 ◽  
Vol 1147 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Jerneja Kolšek ◽  
Andrej Rebec
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Steel Girder ◽  
Structural Fire ◽  
Simplified Procedures ◽  
Plate Connection ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Structural Fire Resistance

This paper presents the possible deviations between “realistic” (performance-based) calculations of fire resistance of steel structures and corresponding calculations made by one of the often used simplified (prescriptive) procedures of EN 1993-1-2 i.e. the method of critical temperature (MCT). The comparison is done for a case of an assembly consisting of a steel beam and a steel girder connected to each other by a bolted fin-plate connection. For such structure the MCT method suggests that the structural fire resistance is 50 minutes. However, the realistic fire resistance calculated by an advanced performance-based procedure is evaluated to 44 minutes. Although the discrepancy between the results of both methods is not significant in the presented case, this finding implies that MCT can be on the unsafe side for some cases. More future debates and clarifications are therefore encouraged regarding the actual limits of the applicability of the simplified procedures.

scholarly journals BEHAVIOUR OF ALUMINIUM STRUCTURES IN FIRE, A review

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Skejić ◽  
Ivan Ćurković ◽  
Marija Jelčić Rukavina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Structural Material ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Surface Emissivity ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Structural Fire ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Fire Design

The interest in the application of aluminium as a structural material has been greatly increased in recent years. However, behaviour of aluminium structures when exposed to fire is still relatively unresearched. Due to low melting temperature of the alloy, aluminium structures have low fire resistance, but aluminium is reflective and has surface emissivity which is more than two times lower compared to carbon steel. The Eurocode facing this issue (EN 1999-1-2) is based mainly on the Eurocode for structural fire design of steel structures (EN 1993-1-2) and therefore is not fully suitable for the application on aluminium structures. Here, an overview of the structural behaviour of aluminium structures exposed to fire is given through the comparison with steel structures. As a conclusion, priorities for a future research are highlighted, which should provide a base for the next generation of modern codes for structural fire design of aluminium structures.

Study on the Data-Bases for Fire Engineering Design of Structural Steels Members

2012 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
In Kyu Kwon ◽  
Hyung Jun Kim ◽  
Heung Youl Kim ◽  
Bum Yean Cho ◽  
Kyung Suk Cho
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Engineering Method ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Resistance Performance

Structural steel has been used since the early 1970’s in Korea as primary structural members such as columns, beams, and trusses. The materials have much higher strength such as fast construction, high load bearing capacity, high construction quality but those have a fatal weakness as well. Load-bearing capacity is going down when the structural members are contained in fire condition. Therefore, to protect the structural members made of steels from the heat energy the fire resistance performance required. Generally, the fire resistance performance have evaluated from the exact fire tests in fire furnaces. But the evaluation method takes much more time and higher expenses so, the engineering method requires. The engineering method not only adopts a science but also an engineering experience. In this paper, to make various data-bases for evaluation of structural members such as columns(H-section, RHS), beams, loaded fire tests were conducted and derived not only each limiting temperature but also fire resistance respectively.

Structural Post-Fire Behaviour of the Steel I-Shape Beams-to-Cylindrical Columns

2012 ◽  
Vol 249-250 ◽  
pp. 1057-1062
Author(s):  
M. Zeinoddini ◽  
S.A. Hosseini ◽  
M. Daghigh ◽  
S. Arnavaz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Rescue Workers ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Oil Platforms ◽  
In Fire

Previous researchers have tried to predict the response of different types of structures under elevated temperatures. The results are important in preventing the collapse of buildings in fire. Post-fire status of the structures is also of interest for ensuring the safety of rescue workers during the fire and in the post-fire situations. Determining the extent of the structural damage left behind a fire event is necessary to draw up adequate repair plans. Connections play an important role on the fire performance of different structures. Due to the high cost of fire tests, adequate experimental data about a broad range of connections is not available. A vulnerable type of such connections to fire is the weld connections between I-shape beams and cylindrical columns in oil platform topsides. Considering the high probability of fire in oil platforms, study of the behaviour of these connections at elevated temperatures and in the post-fire, is of great importance. In the current study, eight small scale experimental fire tests on welded connections between I-shape beams and cylindrical columns have been conducted. Four tests are aimed at investigating the structural performance of this connection at elevated temperature. In other tests, post-fire behaviour of these connections has been studied to investigate their residual structural strength.

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