scholarly journals Toposkartta, kliseekokoelma ja moderni panoraama

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Kari Kallioniemi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
Media History ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Digital Disruption ◽  
Film Form

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan suomalaisista musiikkitähdistä viime vuosina tehtyjä elämäkertaelokuvia ja niiden luonnetta mediahistorian kontekstissa. Millainen yhteys 1800-luvun mediakulttuurin todellisuudella ja sen topoksilla on musiikkitähdistä kertoviin melodramaattisiin elämäkertaelokuviin? Historiallisen ja vertailevan musiikkielokuvien lähiluvun kautta artikkeli pohtii kysymystä siitä, millä tavoin nämä elokuvat ovat kuvanneet musiikkitähtien elämää ja taidetta valkokankaalla. Käsittelemissäni suomalaiselokuvissa topokset, kliseet ja muut banaalin kansallisuuden merkit ovat osa digitaalisen kulttuurin kierrätystä, niiden avulla voidaan rakentaa emotionaalinen silta digitaalisen maailman ulkopuolella olevaan kansalliseen materiaaliseen todellisuuteen.Varhaisen eurooppalaisen kulttuuriperinnön topokset löysivät paikkansa 1800-luvun media- ja massakulttuurin panoraamoissa ja varhaisessa elokuvassa. Erityisesti Timo Koivusalon kansallisista musiikkitähdistä kertovat elokuvat ovat tietynlainen reaktionäärinen osa digitaalisen aikakauden mediakulttuurista murrosta. Elokuvien edustamat kliseet, topokset ja panoraamakerrontaan viittaava rakenne eivät niinkään pyri olemaan osa elokuvataidetta, vaan viittaavat elokuvan muodon avulla enemmän nykypäivän kulttuuriseen nationalismiin, joka hakee elinvoimansa kansallisista myyteistä, suurmiehistä, kansallisen historian käännekohdista, traditioista ja rituaaleista, maisemista, esineistä ja musiikkiesityksistä.Topos map, cliché collection, and modern panorama: The national music star biopic in media culture continuumThe article examines recent Finnish music star biopics and their characteristics in the context of media history. I apply historical and comparative close reading in analyzing the ways in which earlier films have represented the lives and art of great music stars. Melodramatic biographical films were in many ways successors to 19th century media culture as carriers of European cultural heritage in depicting the lives and art of musical heroes. The Finnish films discussed in this article use topoi and clichés which represent banal nationalism.The 21st century Finnish national musical hero biopics, and especially the films by Timo Koivusalo, can be seen as a kind of reactionary response to the digital disruption of media culture. The films’ clichés, topoi, and panoramic style of narration are not used to create film art as such. Instead, film form is applied to flag today’s cultural nationalism, which uses national myths, great men, national historical turning points, traditions and rituals, landscapes, artifacts, and music to gain vitality. The films construct an emotional bridge to a nationalistic, materialistic past which exists outside the digital world.

Gender, genius and rock and roll in ‘Roy Orbison and Friends: A Black and White Night’

Popular Music ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-453
Author(s):  
Mark Laver
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rock And Roll ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Performance Style ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractTo a considerable extent, the mythology of rock and roll rebellion is predicated upon a similarly mythologised male sexual potency that Simon Frith and Angeld McRobbie have characterised as ‘aggressive, dominating, and boastful, … [constantly seeking] to remind the audience of [its] prowess, [its] control’ (Frith and McRobbie 1990, p. 319). In this article, I look to Roy Orbison – a musician who was a key figure in the genesis of rock and roll, but who nevertheless subverts this phallocentric meta-narrative. Focusing on the 1987 concert film, Roy Orbison and Friends: A Black and White Night, I argue that Orbison's staid performance style, unusual voice and unconventional songwriting as evidenced (and amplified) by that film trouble the purportedly monolithic rock and roll masculinity, and the concomitant mythology of rebellion. At the same time, however, I propose that even as normative masculinity appears to be destabilised, a close reading of the film reveals that the performance situates Orbison within a different masculinist discourse: the 19th-century Romantic discourse of masculine genius that continues to inflect 21st century notions about artists and art music. Thus, in Black and White Night, normative and non-normative masculinities are thoroughly imbricated, each simultaneously destabilising and reaffirming the other.

scholarly journals “Saving Venice”: Local, Global and Transnational Perspectives on Cultural Heritage in Children’s Fantasy

Humanities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Lindsay Myers
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Cultural Heritage Conservation ◽  
The Relationship

Children’s literature has always been heavily influenced by the local and national climate in which it is produced, the birth of this literature having coincided in many places with the formation of the nation-state. Over the last 50 years, however, the effects of globalization have radically transformed the relationship between authors and their markets, and a new tension has arisen in children’s texts between the local and the global. Celebrating commonality across boundaries while simultaneously safeguarding the tutelage of cultural heritage can be particularly difficult, especially when (as is the case with Venice) that heritage has been singled out by UNESCO as being under threat. This essay undertakes a close reading of three 21st-century fantasies for children set in Venice: Mary Hoffman’s Stravaganza: City of Masks, Laura Walter’s Mistica Maeva e l’anello di Venezia, and Michelle Lovric’s The Undrowned Child, all of which have been translated into other languages and reached audiences far beyond their places of origin. It asks what we mean when we speak about cultural heritage conservation in children’s literature today and the extent to which the preservation of Venice’s cultural heritage is being depicted in this literature as a transnational phenomenon.

Remembering the Past in Nineteenth-Century Scotland

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevailing View ◽  
The Way

At a time when the Union between Scotland and England is once again under the spotlight, Remembering the Past in Nineteenth-Century Scotland examines the way in which Scotland’s national heroes were once remembered as champions of both Scottish and British patriotism. Whereas 19th-century Scotland is popularly depicted as a mire of sentimental Jacobitism and kow-towing unionism, this book shows how Scotland’s national heroes were once the embodiment of a consistent, expressive and robust view of Scottish nationality. Whether celebrating the legacy of William Wallace and Robert Bruce, the reformer John Knox, the Covenanters, 19th-century Scots rooted their national heroes in a Presbyterian and unionist view of Scotland’s past. Examined through the prism of commemoration, this book uncovers collective memories of Scotland’s past entirely opposed to 21st-century assumptions of medieval proto-nationalism and Calvinist misery. Detailed studies of 19th-century commemoration of Scotland’s national heroes Uncovers an all but forgotten interpretation of these ‘great Scots’ Shines a new light on the mindset of nineteenth-century Scottish national identity as being comfortably Scottish and British Overturns the prevailing view of Victorian Scottishness as parochial, sentimental tartanry

The beginning of phygital world

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Evgeny Soloviov ◽  
Alexander Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Aviation Education ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The World ◽  
Unique Experience ◽  
Smart Data

The Phygital word itself is the combination pf physical and digital technology application.This paper will highlight the detail of phygital world and its importance, also we will discuss why its matter in the world of technology along with advantages and disadvantages.It is the concept and technology is the bridge between physical and digital world which bring unique experience to the users by providing purpose of phygital world. It is the technology used in 21st century to bring smart data as opposed to big data and mix into the broader address of array of learning styles. It can bring new experience to every sector almost like, retail, medical, aviation, education etc. to maintain some reality in today’s world which is developing technology day to day. It is a general reboot which can keep economy moving and guarantee the wellbeing of future in terms of both online and offline.

South Atlantic Creole Archipelagos

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
Plantation Economy ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
African Slaves

In 2020 Cabo Verde (1557 sq. miles) and São Tomé and Príncipe (621 sq. miles) had a resident population of 556,857 and 210,240 respectively. Both archipelagos were uninhabited when they were settled by Portuguese colonists and African slaves in the second half of the 15th century. The coexistence of Europeans and Africans resulted in the emergence of Creole societies. Due to their differences in geographic position and climate, they developed unequally in economic terms. Santiago, the first of the Cabo Verde Islands to be settled, became a commercial hub for the slave trade from the Upper Guinea coast. São Tomé was also engaged in the slave trade, but in the 16th century established the first tropical plantation economy based on sugar and slave labor. In the 17th century, both archipelagos were affected by economic and demographic decline. Economic recovery did not occur before the mid-19th century. The British established a coal supply station for transatlantic steam shipping in São Vicente, while, enabled by the introduction of coffee and cocoa, the Portuguese reestablished the plantation economy in São Tomé and Príncipe. After the abolition of slavery in 1875 the workforce was composed of contract workers from Angola, Cabo Verde, and Mozambique. As a result, São Tomé and Príncipe became marked by immigration for almost a century. In contrast, pushed by famines and misery, a massive emigration from Cabo Verde began in the 19th century, a feature that has marked the archipelago’s society and identity until the early 21st century. The first anticolonial groups in exile appeared in the late 1950s. An armed liberation struggle in the islands was not possible; however, a group of Cabo Verdeans participated in the armed struggle in Portuguese Guinea. Most prominent among them was Amílcar Cabral (b. 1924–d. 1973). After independence in 1975 the two countries became socialist one-party regimes. In 1990 both archipelagos introduced multiparty democracies with semipresidential regimes. Creole communities also developed in the Gulf of Guinea islands of Bioko (779 square miles) and Annobón (6.5 sq. miles), which belonged to Portugal until 1778 when they became part of Spanish Guinea which subsequently, in 1968, gained independence as Equatorial Guinea. In the 16th century the uninhabited island of Annobón was settled by the Portuguese with African slaves. As a result, the island’s early-21st-century 5,300 inhabitants speak a Portuguese-based Creole, Fá d’Ambó. Bioko (Fernando Po), was the only Gulf of Guinea Island with a native population, the Bubi, and therefore the Portuguese never colonized this island. From 1827–1843 the British navy maintained an antislaving station called Port Clarence (modern Malabo) in Fernando Po. The British recruited workers from Freetown in Sierra Leone, which was the beginning of the development of the Fernandinos, a local Creole community that speaks an English-based Creole language known as Pichi, which is closely related to Krio in Sierra Leone. Currently, there are still about thirty Fernandino families, comprising some 350 people; however, Pichi is spoken by an estimated 150,000 people, since it also became Bioko’s lingua franca spoken by the Bubi majority.

scholarly journals Hebrew, Hebrews, Hubris?: Diagnosing Race and Religion in the Time of COVID-19

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
Richard Newton
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race And Religion

This thought experiment in comparison ponders a Black man’s conviction that his Hebrew identity would make him immune to COVID-19. Surfacing the history of the claims and the scholar’s own suspicions, the paper examines the layered politics of identification. Contra an essentialist understanding of the terms, “Hebrew” and “Hebrews” are shown to be classificatory events, ones imbricated in the dynamics of racecraft. Furthermore, a contextualization of the “race religion” model of 19th century scholarship, 20th century US religio-racial movements, and the complicated legacy of Tuskegee in 21st century Black vaccine hesitancy help to outline the need for inquisitiveness rather than hubris in matters of comparison. In so doing, this working paper advances a model of the public scholar as a questioner of categories and a diagnostician of classification.

scholarly journals Arkistot ja kulttuuriperintö

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Archival Studies ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Archival Institution

Archives and the Cultural Heritage The edited volume Archives and the Cultural Heritage focuses on archives as institutions and to their tense relationship with archives as material. These dynamics are discussed in respect of the past, the present, and the future. The focus lies in the mechanisms the Finnish archive institutions have utilised when taking part in forming the cultural heritage and in debating the importance of the private archives in society. Within social sciences and history from the early 1990s onwards, the effects of globalisation have been seen as a new focal point for research. Momentarily, the archives saw the same paradigm shift as the focus of the archival studies proceeded from state to society. This brought forth the notion that the values of society are reflected in the acquisition of archival material. This archival turn draws attention to the archives as entities formed by cultural practices. The volume discusses cultural heritage within Finnish archives with diverse perspectives and from various time periods. The key concepts are cultural heritage and archives – both as institution and as material. Articles review the formation of archival collections spanning from the 19th to the 21st century and highlight that the archives have never been neutral or objective actors; rather, they have always been an active process of remembering and forgetting, a matter of inclusion and exclusion. The focus is on private archives and on the choices that guided the creation of the archives and the cultural perceptions and power structures associated with them. Although private archives have considerable social and research value, and although their material complements the picture of society provided by documentary data produced by public administrations, they have only risen to the theoretical discussions in the 21st century. The authors consider what has happened before the material ends up in the archive, what happens in the archive and what can be deduced from this. It shows how archival solutions manifest themselves, how they have influenced research and how they still affect it. One of the key questions is whose past has been preserved and whose is deemed worthy of preservation. Under what conditions have the permanently preserved documents been selected and how can they be accessed? In addition, the volume pays attention to whose documents have been ignored or forgotten, as well as to the networks and power of the individuals within the archival institution and to the politics of memory. The Archives and the Cultural Heritage is an opening to a discussion on the mechanisms, practices and goals of Finnish archival activities. It challenges archival organisations to reflect on their own operating models and to make visible their own conscious or unconscious choices. It raises awareness of the formation of the Finnish documentary cultural heritage, produces new information about private archives and participates in the scientific debate on the changing significance of archives in society. The volume is related to the Academy of Finland research project “Making and Interpreting National Pasts – Role of Finnish Archives as Networks of Power and Sites of Memory” (no 25257, 2011–2014/2019), University of Turku. Project partners Finnish Literature Society (SKS) and Society of Swedish Literature in Finland (SLS).

scholarly journals Confessional conversions on the territory of Belarus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century: overview of historiography

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Marharyta M. Karol
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
General State ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the stages of the formation of historiography devoted to the problems of confessional conversions in the second half of the 19th century on the territory of the Belarusian provinces. The historiographic trends that formed from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century were identified and analysed. The authour studies the peculiarities of Belarusian and foreign historiography at the present stage, when a large number of works on religious issues has appeared, including confessional conversions. It is argued that in Soviet times, the issue of transitions from Catholicism to Orthodoxy was practically not touched upon. In their approaches and assessments, some researchers continue the traditions of pre-revolutionary historiography, but the majority of modern scientists strive to give an objective picture of religious processes on the Belarusian lands, to show them in the context of general state policy. The relevance of the article is due to the coverage of various points of view on the problem of confessional conversions. It is noted that pre-revolutionary researchers, first of all, sought to prove the voluntariness of conversions to Orthodoxy, but during this period, works were also created in which this thesis was questioned.

scholarly journals Planetary Cinema

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Luca
Keyword(s):  
Media History ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Film Culture ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

The story is now familiar. In the late 1960s humanity finally saw photographic evidence of the Earth in space for the first time. According to this narrative, the impact of such images in the consolidation of a planetary consciousness is yet to be matched. This book tells a different story. It argues that this narrative has failed to account for the vertiginous global imagination underpinning the media and film culture of the late nineteenth century and beyond. Panoramas, giant globes, world exhibitions, photography and stereography: all promoted and hinged on the idea of a world made whole and newly visible. When it emerged, cinema did not simply contribute to this effervescent globalism so much as become its most significant and enduring manifestation. Planetary Cinema proposes that an exploration of that media culture can help us understand contemporary planetary imaginaries in times of environmental collapse. Engaging with a variety of media, genres and texts, the book sits at the intersection of film/media history and theory/philosophy, and it claims that we need this combined approach and expansive textual focus in order to understand the way we see the world.

scholarly journals Vampires that grew sick of Dracula

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Erica Sudário Bodevan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
John Polidori

Bram Stocker’s Dracula (1897) is considered a cornerstone when the subject is vampires. Although there were important works written before Stocker’s, such as “The Vampyre” (1819) by John Polidori and Carmilla (1872) by Sheridan Le Fanu, it was Dracula that established a vampiric genre and influenced countless works that came afterwards. Vampires in the contemporary, however, present some primordial differences when compared to the 19th century Count. Their relation with humans, who once were seen just as prey, evolves in the 20th and 21st century. It can be argued that these differences are due to the age those blood sucking monsters were created and “live” among society.

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