scholarly journals Onnellinen mielisairaalapotilas? Poikkeavuus ja erilaisuuden rajankäynti elokuvassa Prinsessa

Author(s):  
Anna Kinnunen

Onnellinen mielisairaalapotilas? Poikkeavuus ja erilaisuuden rajankäynti elokuvassa PrinsessaKotimainen draamaelokuva Prinsessa (2010) on löyhästi tositapahtumiin pohjautuva tarina pitkäaikaisen mielenterveyspotilaan elämästä Kellokosken mielisairaalassa pääasiassa 1940–50-lukujen taitteessa. Artikkelissa elokuvaa pohditaan osana historiallisesti ja kulttuurisesti vahvaa mielisairaiden toiseuttamisen traditiota, joka on audiovisuaalisessa mediassa näkynyt mielenterveysongelmista kärsivien ihmisten yksinkertaistavina, esimerkiksi potentiaalista väkivaltaisuutta ja vaarallisuutta korostavina representaatioina. Parin viime vuosikymmenen aikana tuotetuissa kuvauksissa on kuitenkin alettu erottaa merkkejä myös aiempaa myönteisemmistä tulkinnoista.Artikkelissa esitetään, että Prinsessan ote psyykkisesti sairastavia ihmisiä ja poikkeavuuden määrittymistä kohtaan on emansipatorinen ja medikalisaatiokriittinen. Kyseenalaistamalla totunnaisia konventioita, kuten lääkäreiden ja mielenterveyspotilaiden hierarkkista eroa, elokuvassa korostetaan toistuvasti näkemystä, jonka mukaan poikkeavuuden ja normaaliuden sekä sairauden ja terveyden rajat ovat aina keinotekoisia ja kontekstisidonnaisia. Elokuvasta onkin hahmotettavissa viitteitä ymmärtävästä, hyväksyvästä otteesta ainakin persoonallista erilaisuutta ja lieviä mielenterveyden häiriöitä kohtaan. Näkökulma vakaviin mielisairauksiin, kuten skitsofreniaan, jää kuitenkin osin epäselväksi, sillä niiden esittäminen ja reflektointi eivät ole elokuvassa keskeisessä asemassa. A Happy Mental Hospital Patient? Deviance and Seeking its Boundaries in the Finnish Movie PrincessFinnish drama Princess (Prinsessa, 2010) is one of the latest audiovisual media representations concerning people with serious mental illnesses. It is a roughly true-based story about a long-term mental hospital patient who claims to be a real princess. In this article, the movie is discussed as a contemporary part of a long historical continuum of representations of insanity in the western (media) culture. The tone of the representations has traditionally been negative and emphasizing the deviant and potentially violent nature of people suffering from psychiatric problems. Yet, during the past two decades, there have been some signs of more positive portrayals.In the article, I argue that the general tone of the film is emancipatory and critical towards medicalization. The boundaries between normality and deviance and also between health and illness are represented as wavering, unclear, and strongly tied to the different perspectives and contexts. This is achieved by challenging the traditional hierarchy and differentiation between the doctors and the patients by questioning, for example, health and so called normality of a chief physician. However, the reflection of serious mental illnesses, like schizophrenia, has no significant role in the movie and with most main characters, their diagnoses remain unmentioned. That, on the one hand, emphasizes the difficulty in seeking and defining the boundaries between health and illness, but on the other hand, begs the question whether the sympathetic portrayal is valid only for mild mental disorders or merely marks personal differences without a label of sickness, thus further marginalizing serious mental illnesses.

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (17) ◽  
pp. 2725-2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Kmett ◽  
Shaun M. Eack

The deleterious effects of sexual abuse (SA) are well documented, as many studies have found that SA can increase the risk for psychiatric disorders. While SA has been examined in multiple samples, no studies have examined the characteristics of SA in individuals with severe mental illnesses (SMI). This study examined the prevalence rate and characterized the nature of SA among individuals with SMI who were under psychiatric care in three different inpatient facilities. Utilizing data from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study, 1,136 individuals with SMI were assessed for SA histories, psychiatric diagnoses, and other demographics. Nearly half of this sample ( n = 511) identified SA histories, with almost half indicating that the person was a stranger or someone outside of the family unit. One third reported SA occurred “too many times to count,” and approximately a third indicated the abuse consisted of intercourse, occurring at a mean age of 11.22 years. Results found that individuals with SA histories were often never married, Caucasian, female, had children, described themselves as psychologically unwell, and were commonly voluntary psychiatric admissions. Those with SA histories had significantly higher psychopathology and lower functioning, and were more likely to be diagnosed with depression but less likely to be substance dependent. Identifying SA characteristics in individuals with SMI is a critical component to successful treatment. Thorough screening and assessment of this common problem can help clinicians identify accompanying issues that may exacerbate SMI symptomology, and improve the prognosis for long-term outcomes.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Buck ◽  
Janelle Nguyen ◽  
Shelan Porter ◽  
Dror Ben-Zeev ◽  
Greg R. Reger

BACKGROUND Veterans with serious mental illnesses (SMI) face barriers to accessing in-person evidence-based interventions that improve illness management. Mobile health (mHealth) has been demonstrated to be feasible, acceptable, effective, and engaging among individuals with serious mental illness in community mental health settings. mHealth for SMI has not been tested within the VA. OBJECTIVE The present study examined the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of an mHealth intervention for serious mental illness in the context of VA outpatient care. METHODS Seventeen (n = 17) veterans with serious mental illnesses enrolled in a one-month pilot trial of FOCUS, a smartphone-based self-management intervention for serious mental illness. At baseline and post-test they completed measures examining symptoms and functional recovery. Participants provided qualitative feedback related to the usability and acceptability of the intervention. RESULTS Veterans completed on average 85.00 (SD = 96.11) interactions with FOCUS over the one-month intervention period. They reported high satisfaction, usability, and acceptability, with nearly all (n = 16, 94.1%) participants reporting that they would recommend the intervention to a fellow veteran. Qualitative feedback indicated that veterans thought mHealth complemented their existing VA services well and described potential opportunities to adapt FOCUS to specific subpopulations (e.g. combat veterans) as well as specific delivery modalities (e.g. groups). In the one-month period, participants experienced small improvements in self-assessed recovery, auditory hallucinations and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The FOCUS mHealth intervention is feasible, acceptable, and usable among veterans. Future work should develop and examine VA-specific implementation approaches of FOCUS for this population.


1956 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
George Winokur

The psychiatric hospital has traditionally been viewed as a refuge. In general, the concept held to is the one which emphasizes that the people who should be in the hospital are the ones who are suicidal or are a danger to other people or who cannot function even in the most simple non-tension provoking situations that are offered by the community. Recently, however, the mental hospital as described by Stanton and Schwartz may be seen to serve in another capacity, essentially by being a place in which long-term intensive psychotherapy can be administered under conditions of some control and with the advantages of numerous and insightful observations. In the paper presented here, the position is taken that there is yet another way in which an in-patient psychiatric facility may be gainfully used, namely by a situation being formulated, using the particular patient as a reference point, in which experimental findings in behavior and principles gleaned by research may be used to formulate a hospital environment which would produce material changes in the patient's activity. Such a formulation derives attractiveness by its operational nature. Reproducibility is unquestionable; evidence for efficacy may be obtained by sources exterior to the theory; and the background for the entire effort is firmly based on principles independently arrived at by experimental procedures. The three clinical examples which follow illustrate ways in which the hospital may be used to test these assertions.


2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Gill ◽  
Michelle Zechner ◽  
Ellen Zambo Anderson ◽  
Margaret Swarbrick ◽  
Ann Murphy

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.


2018 ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Mamonov

Our analysis documents that the existence of hidden “holes” in the capital of not yet failed banks - while creating intertemporal pressure on the actual level of capital - leads to changing of maturity of loans supplied rather than to contracting of their volume. Long-term loans decrease, whereas short-term loans rise - and, what is most remarkably, by approximately the same amounts. Standardly, the higher the maturity of loans the higher the credit risk and, thus, the more loan loss reserves (LLP) banks are forced to create, increasing the pressure on capital. Banks that already hide “holes” in the capital, but have not yet faced with license withdrawal, must possess strong incentives to shorten the maturity of supplied loans. On the one hand, it raises the turnovers of LLP and facilitates the flexibility of capital management; on the other hand, it allows increasing the speed of shifting of attracted deposits to loans to related parties in domestic or foreign jurisdictions. This enlarges the potential size of ex post revealed “hole” in the capital and, therefore, allows us to assume that not every loan might be viewed as a good for the economy: excessive short-term and insufficient long-term loans can produce the source for future losses.


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