scholarly journals Effect of time of day for harvest and postharvest treatments on the sugar metabolism of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Hasperue ◽  
María Lemoine ◽  
Alicia Chaves ◽  
Gustavo Adolfo Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Postharvest Treatments ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Lower Loss

  Loss of sugars contributes to accelerate postharvest senescence of broccoli. Several treatments have been developed to delay senescence, but in many cases their effects on sugar metabolism were not analyzed. We studied the effect of harvest at different times of day (08:00, 13:00 and 18:00 h) and of several postharvest treatments as heat treatment (HT), modified atmosphere (MA) and 1-methylcylcopropene (1-MCP) on sugar levels and activities of enzymes related to sucrose and starch degradation. Harvesting at the end of day delayed the loss of chlorophylls and caused the lowest decrement in sugars, although no differences in invertase, sucrose synthase and β-amylase activities were detected among samples. Treatments of MA and 1-MCP caused a lower loss of glucose and fructose, while HT caused a lower decrement of sucrose. Treated samples maintained higher levels of chlorophylls. The treatments reduced the activity of invertase and sucrose synthase and induced higher levels of β-amylase activity. Harvesting at the end of day and performing simultaneously a MA treatment could be a good combination to maintain the green color of the inflorescence and sugar levels during postharvest of broccoli.

Sugar Levels Modulate Differential Expression of Maize Sucrose Synthase Genes

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Koch ◽  
Kurt D. Nolte ◽  
Edwin R. Duke ◽  
Donald R. McCarty ◽  
Wayne T. Avigne
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Sugar Levels

scholarly journals Invertase and sucrose synthase activities in coffee plants sprayed with sucrose solution

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos da Silva ◽  
José Donizeti Alves ◽  
Amauri Alves de Alvarenga ◽  
Marcelo Murad Magalhães ◽  
Dárlan Einstein do Livramento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
High Level

One management practice of which the efficiency has not yet been scientifically tested is spraying coffee plants with diluted sucrose solutions as a source of carbon for the plant. This paper evaluates the effect of foliar spraying with sugar on the endogenous level of carbohydrates and on the activities of invertase and sucrose synthase in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings with reduced (low) and high (normal) levels of carbon reserve. The concentrations used were 0.5 and 1.0% sucrose, and water as a control. The use of sucrose at 1.0% caused an increase in the concentration of total soluble sugars in depauperate plants, as well as increased the activity of the following enzymes: cell wall and vacuole acid invertase, neutral cytosol invertase and sucrose synthase. In plants with high level of carbon reserve, no increments in total soluble sugar levels or in enzymatic activity were observed. Regardless of treatments or plants physiological state, no differences in transpiration or stomatal conductance were observed, demonstrating the stomatal control of transpiration. Photosynthesis was stimulated with the use of 0.5 and 1.0 % sucrose only in depauperate plants. Coffee seedling spraying with sucrose is only efficient for depauperate plants, at the concentration of 1.0%.

scholarly journals Seasonal Fluctuations of Some Enzymes Relating to Sucrose and Sorbitol Metabolism in Peach Fruit

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaya Moriguchi ◽  
Tetsuro Sanada ◽  
Shohei Yamaki
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

Sugar levels and composition were determined in developing `Hakuto' peach (Prunus persica Batsch var. vulgaris Maxim.) fruit. Glucose and fructose in nearly equal amounts were the predominant sugars detected during the early stage of development. Sucrose subsequently began to accumulate and was the predominant sugar in mature fruit. Sorbitol remained at a low level throughout development. The large increase in the amount of sucrose was accompanied by a rapid increase in sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) activity. Sucrose phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14) was also detected in flesh extracts, but the activities were low throughout development. Acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) activity was highest in young fruit and declined with development. Activity, however, increased again at a later stage of development. Peach fruit contained appreciable sorbitol oxidase activity, while other sorbitol-related enzymes were barely detectable, suggesting that transported sorbitol was predominantly converted to glucose. These results suggest that the supply of glucose and fructose depends on acid invertase and sorbitol oxidase, and that accumulation of sucrose depends on-sucrose synthase.

EFFECT OF TIME OF DAY, A PARASITIC FUNGUS, AND A GENETIC MUTATION ON RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Hall ◽  
F. R. Forsyth ◽  
C. L. Lockhart ◽  
L. E. Aalders
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Mutant Type ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Leaf Disks

The apparent rate of photosynthesis in the lowbush blueberry was measured, at four periods of the day, on leaf disks in Warburg flasks and with the use of Pardee's CO2 buffers. Significant differences were found in rates of O2 evolution at the four different periods. Oxygen evolution was greatest in the early morning when reducing sugars and starch levels were lowest. By early afternoon when starch and reducing sugar levels were much greater in the leaf disks the rate was the lowest.Leaf disks infected with Exobasidium vaccinii had a lower rate of apparent photosynthesis than normal leaves of the same clone. Disks cut from normal leaves of Vaccinium angustifolium had a higher rate of apparent photosynthesis than those of a variegated mutant. The leaves of the mutant were significantly smaller and seedlings of the mutant type grew more slowly than normal ones of the same cross. For these reasons lowbush blueberry plants of the mutant type or having the red-leaf disease are at a distinct disadvantage in nature.

scholarly journals Regulation of sugar metabolism genes in the nitrogen-dependent susceptibility of tomato stems to Botrytis cinerea

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Nathalie Lacrampe ◽  
Félicie Lopez-Lauri ◽  
Raphaël Lugan ◽  
Sophie Colombié ◽  
Jérôme Olivares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Sugar Transporters ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background and Aims The main soluble sugars are important components of plant defence against pathogens, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Upon infection by Botrytis cinerea, the activation of several sugar transporters, from both plant and fungus, illustrates the struggle for carbon resources. In sink tissues, the metabolic use of the sugars mobilized in the synthesis of defence compounds or antifungal barriers is not fully understood. Methods In this study, the nitrogen-dependent variation of tomato stem susceptibility to B. cinerea was used to examine, before and throughout the course of infection, the transcriptional activity of enzymes involved in sugar metabolism. Under different nitrate nutrition regimes, the expression of genes that encode the enzymes of sugar metabolism (invertases, sucrose synthases, hexokinases, fructokinases and phosphofructokinases) was determined and sugar contents were measured before inoculation and in asymptomatic tissues surrounding the lesions after inoculation. Key Results At high nitrogen availability, decreased susceptibility was associated with the overexpression of several genes 2 d after inoculation: sucrose synthases Sl-SUS1 and Sl-SUS3, cell wall invertases Sl-LIN5 to Sl-LIN9 and some fructokinase and phosphofructokinase genes. By contrast, increased susceptibility corresponded to the early repression of several genes that encode cell wall invertase and sucrose synthase. The course of sugar contents was coherent with gene expression. Conclusions The activation of specific genes that encode sucrose synthase is required for enhanced defence. Since the overexpression of fructokinase is also associated with reduced susceptibility, it can be hypothesized that supplementary sucrose cleavage by sucrose synthases is dedicated to the production of cell wall components from UDP-glucose, or to the additional implication of fructose in the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds, or both.

scholarly journals Sugar Levels Modulate Differential Expression of Maize Sucrose Synthase Genes.

1992 ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Koch ◽  
K. D. Nolte ◽  
E. R. Duke ◽  
D. R. McCarty ◽  
W. T. Avigne
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Sugar Levels

Seed coating reduces respiration losses and affects sugar metabolism during germination and early seedling growth in cereals

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Gorim ◽  
Folkard Asch
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Seed Coats

Seed germination and the successful establishment of young seedlings is an important aspect of plant life. Seed coats are used to improve stand establishment and early seedling vigour. Seedlings growing from hydro-absorber coated barley, rye and wheat with coat-shares greater than 75% of the average seed have been shown to promote better seedling growth compared with those seedlings growing from uncoated seeds. We investigated how and why these seedlings performed better by analysing the proportion of grain reserves mobilised for growth and respiration as well as how both sucrose and glucose available in the embryo translated into seedling growth in the presence or absence of seed coats containing hydro-absorber gel. We found that mobilisation efficiency was higher, resulting in higher biomass in these cereals when they were coated. The relationship between sucrose and glucose available to the seedling as well as its correlation with early seedling growth indicate a switch in the enzymatic cleavage of embryonic sucrose from invertase to sucrose synthase. This in turn indicates that in coated seeds, embryonic tissue must be hypoxic leading to a more efficient use of glucose and thus reduced respiration losses during germination.

Studies on the carbohydrate metabolism of sheep. I. The range of blood-sugar values under several conditions

1950 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Reid
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Fasting Level ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Bodily Condition

The considerable volume of literature dealing with the normal range of blood-sugar values in ruminants and with the effect of varying nutritive conditions upon it is reviewed in some detail. Attention is drawn to differences between ruminant and non-ruminant mammals, and an attempt is made to explain them in the light of present knowledge of digestive processes in the ruminant. Data are presented on the normal range of blood-sugar values in sheep, both in Australia and in England, and on the effect of nutritive factors and of pregnancy on these values. The mean blood-sugar values determined by the author in non-pregnant ewes in Australia and in England were 34.8 ± 3.06 and 39.1 ± 3.37 mg. per cent. respectively. The observed range in both pregnant and non-pregnant ewes was 18-57 mg. per cent., but 94 per cent. of values fell between 25 and 46 mg. per cent. This range was obtained in sheep bled usually in the morning, before feeding. A delayed rise, which is slight and always below hyperglycaemic levels, was observed after feeding; the afternoon samples showed higher values than the morning samples. Thus, the normal range of blood-sugar values in fed sheep, at any time of day, is considered to be 25-50 mg. per cent. The level of blood sugar was affected neither by the plane of nutrition nor by the bodily condition of non-pregnant ewes. Gestation in ewes in good condition was observed not to affect the level, although evidence was obtained of lowered blood-sugar levels during the last two months of gestation in ewes in poor condition. Expressed as a percentage of the pre-fasting level, the decrease in blood sugar observed during a four-day fast was similar to that observed in non-ruminants, but the response was delayed. Fasting for a period of 24 hours had little effect on the blood-sugar level in non-pregnant sheep in good condition; in many cases there was little change after the period had been extended to 46 hours. On the other hand, a fast of 24 hours' duration produced a marked hypoglycaemia in ewes in poor bodily condition during the last two months of gestation, blood-sugar levels as low as 8.6 mg. per cent. being recorded.

EFFECTS OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS AND MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE ON QUALITY OF 'ESPADA VERMELHA' MANGOES

2009 ◽  
pp. 731-736
Author(s):  
J. Castro ◽  
R.N.B. Conte ◽  
C.R.L. Carvalho ◽  
C.J. Rossetto
Keyword(s):  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Postharvest Treatments

Effects of two training systems on sugar metabolism and related enzymes in cv. Beibinghong (Vitis amurensis Rupr.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyuan Liu ◽  
Lijun Nan ◽  
Xianhua Zhao ◽  
Zhenxing Wang ◽  
Hailong Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Training System ◽  
Vitis Amurensis ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Soluble Acid Invertase ◽  
Fruit Setting

Liu, L., Nan, L., Zhao, X., Wang, Z., Nan, H. and Li, H. 2015. Effects of two training systems on sugar metabolism and related enzymes in cv. Beibinghong (Vitis amurensis Rupr.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 987–998. Eight individual sugars and four sugar-metabolism-related enzymes were investigated in the development of Vitis amurensis Rupr. ‘Beibinghong’ grape berries. Two different training systems, vertical shoot positioning (VSP) and Y-shaped training system (Y-shape) were applied. Sucrose contents in the two training systems were significantly related to the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrosynthetic activity of sucrose synthase (SS-s) in berries before veraison. The results show that throughout the veraison period, individual sugars, such as glucose, fructose, galactose and lactose, increased. Glucose and fructose were affected by both training systems, mainly at 15 and 16 wk (weeks after fruit setting). Training systems had no significant effects on the rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and maltose contents, and barely had an effect on the lactose content. The VSP training system mainly affected the sucrose content during the harvest period, while the Y-shape affected sucrose content mainly after 9 wk. During 2011 to 2013, VSP and Y-shape strongly affected the sucrose contents before veraison, and also affected the cleavage activity of sucrose synthase (SS-c) mainly between 5 and 8 wk; however, different training systems barely affected the soluble acid invertase (SAI) activities in whole berry growth. From the perspective of the whole berry development, the results showed that different systems had no significant effects on individual sugars and enzymes.

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