scholarly journals The effect of two pesticides (Vitavax-300 and Gaucho) on rhizobia and on the nodulation of four legumes

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasi Miettinen ◽  
Plutarco E. Echegoyen
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Nodule Bacterium ◽  
Desmodium Ovalifolium ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

The application of seed-protecting pesticides is often a prerequisite for raising legumes in the tropics. However, these chemicals may influence the development of root nodule symbiosis. In the present study, high concentrations of Gaucho insecticide (imidacloprid) and Vitavax-300 fungicide (carboxin and captan) clearly inhibited the growth of root nodule bacterium under laboratory conditions. However, they did not effect to the nodulation or biomass production of Arachis pintoi, Arachis hypogaea, Mucuna pruriens or Desmodium ovalifolium raised in a green house in eastern Costa Rica. Explanations for these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis with the progress of symbiosis in ‘crack-entry’ legume Arachis hypogaea highlights its contrast with ‘infection thread’ adapted legumes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Karmakar ◽  
Anindya Kundu ◽  
Ahsan Z Rizvi ◽  
Emeric Dubois ◽  
Dany Severac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Symbiotic Genes ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Dynamics ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Molecular Framework ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

ABSTRACTIn root-nodule symbiosis, rhizobial invasion and nodule organogenesis is host controlled. In most legumes, rhizobia enter through infection-threads and nodule primordium in the cortex is induced from a distance. But in dalbergoid legumes like Arachis hypogaea, rhizobia directly invade cortical cells through epidermal cracks to generate the primordia. Herein we report the transcriptional dynamics with the progress of symbiosis in A. hypogaea at 1dpi: invasion; 4dpi: nodule primordia; 8dpi: spread of infection in nodule-like structure; 12dpi: immature nodules containing rod-shaped rhizobia; and 21dpi: mature nodules with spherical symbiosomes. Expression of putative orthologue of symbiotic genes in ‘crack-entry’ legume A. hypogaea was compared with infection thread adapted model legumes. The contrasting features were (i) higher expression of receptors like LYR3, EPR3 as compared to canonical NFRs (ii) late induction of transcription factors like NIN, NSP2 and constitutive high expression of ERF1, EIN2, bHLH476 and (iii) induction of divergent pathogenesis responsive PR-1 genes. Additionally, symbiotic orthologues of SymCRK, FLOT4, ROP6, RR9, NOOT and SEN1 were not detectable and microsynteny analysis indicated the absence of RPG and DNF2 homologues in diploid parental genomes of A. hypogaea. The implications are discussed and a molecular framework that guide ‘crack-entry’ symbiosis in A. hypogaea is proposed.

scholarly journals Turanose induced WOX5 restores symbiosis in the Medicago truncatula cytokinin perception mutant cre1

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindya Kundu ◽  
Firoz Molla ◽  
Maitrayee DasGupta
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sugar Signaling ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
Auxin Accumulation ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

ABSTRACTRhizobia-legume interaction recruits cytokinin-signaling that causes local auxin accumulation for the induction of nodule primordia in the cortex. Since sugar signaling can trigger auxin responses and regulate developmental processes, we explored whether sugar treatments could rescue cre1. Here we demonstrate that turanose, a non-metabolizable sucrose analogue can recover functional symbiosis in cytokinin perception mutant cre1. Additionally, turanose significantly upregulated the expression of WUSCHEL-related homeobox 5 (MtWOX5) which prompted us to check if ectopic expression of WOX5 could rescue cre1. Overexpression of WOX5 from Arachis hypogaea (AhWOX5), but not the intrinsic MtWOX5 could completely restore functional symbiosis in cre1 though both WOX5 (Mt and Ah) were functionally equivalent in inducing the expression of cytokinin inducible transcription factor Nodule Inception (NIN). Among the tested markers for cytokinin and auxin responses, significant differences were noted in the expression of IAA-Ala Resistant3 (MtIAR33), an auxin conjugate hydrolase. Turanose and AhWOX5 overexpression resulted in upregulation of MtIAR33 that further increased significantly in presence of rhizobia. On the other hand, MtIAR33 expression was unaffected in MtWOX5 overexpressed roots suggesting deconjugation driven auxin pool to be critical for rescuing symbiosis in cre1. We hypothesize a working model for sugar and WOX5 mediated rescue of symbiosis in cre1.One sentence summaryActivation of sugar-WOX5 signaling axis restores root nodule symbiosis in cytokinin perception mutant cre1

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis With the Progress of Symbiosis in ‘Crack-Entry’ Legume Arachis hypogaea Highlights Its Contrast With ‘Infection Thread’ Adapted Legumes

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Karmakar ◽  
Anindya Kundu ◽  
Ahsan Z Rizvi ◽  
Emeric Dubois ◽  
Dany Severac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Nod Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Dynamics ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Molecular Framework ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

In root-nodule symbiosis, rhizobial invasion and nodule organogenesis is host controlled. In most legumes, rhizobia enter through infection threads and nodule primordium in the cortex is induced from a distance. But in dalbergoid legumes like Arachis hypogaea, rhizobia directly invade cortical cells through epidermal cracks to generate the primordia. Herein, we report the transcriptional dynamics with the progress of symbiosis in A. hypogaea at 1 day postinfection (dpi) (invasion), 4 dpi (nodule primordia), 8 dpi (spread of infection in nodule-like structure), 12 dpi (immature nodules containing rod-shaped rhizobia), and 21 dpi (mature nodules with spherical symbiosomes). Expression of putative ortholog of symbiotic genes in ‘crack entry’ legume A. hypogaea was compared with infection thread–adapted model legumes. The contrasting features were i) higher expression of receptors like LYR3 and EPR3 as compared with canonical Nod factor receptors, ii) late induction of transcription factors like NIN and NSP2 and constitutive high expression of ERF1, EIN2, bHLH476, and iii) induction of divergent pathogenesis-responsive PR-1 genes. Additionally, symbiotic orthologs of SymCRK, ROP6, RR9, SEN1, and DNF2 were not detectable and microsynteny analysis indicated the absence of a RPG homolog in diploid parental genomes of A. hypogaea. The implications are discussed and a molecular framework that guides crack-entry symbiosis in A. hypogaea is proposed.

EARLY ADOPTION OF THE TROPICAL FORAGE LEGUME ARACHIS PINTOI IN HUETAR NORTE, COSTA RICA

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. WÜNSCHER ◽  
R. SCHULTZE-KRAFT ◽  
M. PETERS ◽  
L. RIVAS
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
The North ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
The Tropics

The legume Arachis pintoi has a number of characteristics which enable it to make a valuable contribution to the development of sustainable and productive pastures in the tropics. It was introduced to Costa Rica for this reason, in 1987. The objective of this study was to analyse the adoption of A. pintoi as a forage legume in Huetar Norte, a region in the north of Costa Rica. The adoption process was analysed to identify the contributory factors and to make recommendations for measures which could be taken to promote the process. To collect the data, 115 randomly selected livestock holders and an additional 34 farmers known to have planted A. pintoi were interviewed. Farmers see improved pastures to be the most important technology to enhance forage and cattle production. It was confirmed that A. pintoi is a potential improved pasture alternative. Although A. pintoi was well known., the adoption rate was low. Lack of availability of seed, technical assistance and information about the use and management of A. pintoi hinder adoption. Difficulties in establishment and maintenance were also recorded.

Daños de la rata Sigmodon hirsutus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) al cultivo de maní (Arachis hypogaea) en Alajuela, Costa Rica

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Javier Monge-Meza ◽  
Franklin Herrera-Murillo ◽  
Julio Arias-Reverón
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Palabras Clave

RESUMEN: El maní (Arachis hypogaea) es afectado por varios vertebrados pero hay muy pocos estudios sobre este tema en América Central. Evaluamos el daño causado por la rata de campo (Sigmodon hirsutus) durante dos ciclos de producción (2006-2007) en la Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit, ubicada en La Garita, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Recolectamos roedores cada mes con trampas de golpe. Para el momento de la cosecha se hizo una recolecta completa de la producción en parcelas de 2 y 3 metros de longitud. Se clasificaron las vainas en grandes, medias y pequeñas, y se evaluó el daño causado por los roedores en cada categoría. Las vainas tuvieron pesos promedios de 2,8, 1,8 y 1,1 g  para los tamaños referidos, en el primer ciclo, y de 2,9, 2,1 y 1,3 g para un lote, y de 2,8, 2,1 y 1,3 g para el otro lote en el segundo ciclo. Estimamos una intensidad de daño de 5,28% para el primer ciclo, y ninguno en el segundo ciclo. Concluimos que el daño producido por S. hirsutus se puede reducir al realizar la cosecha en diciembre.  PALABRAS CLAVE: Rata de campo, vertebrados plaga, daños, maní.

scholarly journals Aboveground plant-to-plant communication reduces root nodule symbiosis and soil nutrient concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Takahashi ◽  
Kaori Shiojiri ◽  
Akira Yamawo
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Plant Communication ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

AbstractAboveground communication between plants is well known to change defense traits in leaves, but its effects on belowground plant traits and soil characteristics have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that aboveground plant-to-plant communication reduces root nodule symbiosis via induction of bactericidal chemical defense substances and changes the soil nutrient environment. Soybean plants were exposed to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from damaged shoots of Solidago canadensis var. scabra, and leaf defense traits (total phenolics, saponins), root saponins, and root nodule symbiosis traits (number and biomass of root nodules) were measured. Soil C/N ratios and mineral concentrations were also measured to estimate the effects of resource uptake by the plants. We found that total phenolics were not affected. However, plants that received VOCs had higher saponin concentrations in both leaves and roots, and fewer root nodules than untreated plants. Although the concentrations of soil minerals did not differ between treatments, soil C/N ratio was significantly higher in the soil of communicated plants. Thus, the aboveground plant-to-plant communication led to reductions in root nodule symbiosis and soil nutrient concentrations. Our results suggest that there are broader effects of induced chemical defenses in aboveground plant organs upon belowground microbial interactions and soil nutrients, and emphasize that plant response based on plant-to-plant communications are a bridge between above- and below-ground ecosystems.

scholarly journals SymGRASS: a database of sugarcane orthologous genes involved in arbuscular mycorrhiza and root nodule symbiosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Belarmino ◽  
Roberta Lane de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Nina da Mota Soares Cavalcanti ◽  
Nicolas Krezdorn ◽  
Ederson Akio Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Orthologous Genes ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis
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