scholarly journals Barley β-amylase and β-glucanase activities at germination in vulgare-type lines from backcrosses of wild, spontaneum strains with cv. Adorra

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-350
Author(s):  
Hannu Ahokas ◽  
Maria J. Erkkilä
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Strong Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Derivation Process

Two hundred and nineteen lines derived from the backcross progenies of eight different Hordeum spontaneum strains were evaluated for β-amylase and β-glucanase activity five days after germination under aseptic conditions. The activities were determined on the basis of soluble protein or grain mass. The recurrent parent cultivar, Adorra, served as the standard. Putative recombinants with high B-amylase activity were relatively easily achieved from high-activity strains of H. spontaneum. Recombinants with high β-glucanase were rare. They appear to be eliminated, possibly due to the strong selection for the domesticated phenotype during the derivation process.

scholarly journals Variation in Chemicals and Growth Parameters of Taşköprü Garlic

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-854
Author(s):  
Nezahat Turfan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Proline Amino Acid ◽  
Β Carotene

Main goals of the present study were (1) to initially investigate the nutrient contents and bioactive compounds in the bulb and cloves of garlic, and (2) to study the growth parameter after planting. Garlic bulbs were firstly separated into three categories as pickled, big and small, while the big garlic cloves were also classified into three categories as big, small and central. Secondly, the garlic samples were analyzed before planting for their element profile, proline, soluble protein, free amino acid, β-carotene, lycopene, total phenolic, soluble sugars, SOD and α-amylase activities. Finally, the growth parameters were measured using the cultivated cloves and the pickled bulbs. According to the result, the highest soluble protein, N, phenolic, lycopene and α amylase activity (97.06 mg, 2.58%, 971 mg, 0.368 mg and 38.13 EU, respectively) were recorded in the biggest cloves. The highest proline, amino acid, glucose content (93.84 µmol, 23.54 mg, 230.89 mg, respectively) and K, P, S, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn (21940 ppm, 7577 ppm, 12200 ppm, 504 ppm, 38.1ppm, 377,7ppm and 44.5 ppm, respectively) were found in the pickled bulb. The maximum level of β-carotene (0.282 mg), Ca, Cl and Sr (11260ppm, 818.7ppm and 47.9 ppm) were determined in the small bulbs. Based on the growth parameters of seedlings, the highest value of shoot and root length (39.12 cm and 24.11 cm respectively), the fresh weight of shoot and root (5.29 g and 4.54 g respectively) and dry weight of shoot and root (1.70 g and 1.24 g respectively) were noted with the big cloves. The results of the current study have indicated that the pickled cloves have higher macro and micro nutrients, proline, amino acid and glucose, while the big cloves of garlic have higher proline, phenolic, N%, lycopene and amylase activity. It can be said that the big cloves showed good value for the five bioactive compounds, but the pickled exhibited good value for the macro and micro element and glucose.

A note on the voluntary intake of Andropogon gayanus hay by cattle, as affected by level of feeding

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zemmelink ◽  
R. J. Haggar ◽  
J. H. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Strong Selection ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Selection For ◽  
White Fulani

SUMMARYUnchaffed Andropogon gayanus hays, harvested in July, September, early-October, late-October and November, and the July to November regrowth, were offered to White Fulani heifers at three levels of feeding.Animals on all hays selected for protein and the mean intake of the different hays was closely related to the protein content of the consumed forage. At the low level of feeding all animals, except those on the July hay, left more than 15% residue. Nevertheless, higher levels of feeding had a marked linear effect on feed intake. This effect was largely independent of the effect of level of feeding on the protein content of the consumed ration and was associated with a strong selection for leaves.

scholarly journals Impact of strong selection for the PrP major gene on genetic variability of four French sheep breeds (Open Access publication)

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Isabelle Palhiere ◽  
Mickaël Brochard ◽  
Katayoun Moazami-Goudarzi ◽  
Denis Laloë ◽  
Yves Amigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Strong Selection ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Open Access Publication ◽  
Selection For

Dynamics of Microbial Populations and Strong Selection for Cycloclasticus pugetii following the Nakhodka Oil Spill

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maruyama ◽  
H. Ishiwata ◽  
K. Kitamura ◽  
M. Sunamura ◽  
T. Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Strong Selection ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals New insights on equid locomotor evolution from the lumbar region of fossil horses

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1829) ◽  
pp. 20152947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Elizabeth Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
Classic Case ◽  
Strong Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Joint Shape

The specialization of equid limbs for cursoriality is a classic case of adaptive evolution, but the role of the axial skeleton in this famous transition is not well understood. Extant horses are extremely fast and efficient runners, which use a stiff-backed gallop with reduced bending of the lumbar region relative to other mammals. This study tests the hypothesis that stiff-backed running in horses evolved in response to evolutionary increases in body size by examining lumbar joint shape from a broad sample of fossil equids in a phylogenetic context. Lumbar joint shape scaling suggests that stability of the lumbar region does correlate with size through equid evolution. However, scaling effects were dampened in the posterior lumbar region, near the sacrum, which suggests strong selection for sagittal mobility in association with locomotor–respiratory coupling near the lumbosacral joint. I hypothesize that small-bodied fossil horses may have used a speed-dependent running gait, switching between stiff-backed and flex-backed galloping as speed increased.

scholarly journals VARIATION IN ACTIVITIES OF AMYLASE ALLOZYMES ASSOCIATED WITH CHROMOSOME INVERSIONS IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA, D. PERSIMILIS AND D. MIRANDA

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-209
Author(s):  
R A Norman ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Chromosome Inversions ◽  
Range Of Variation

ABSTRACT Different electrophoretic alleles of amylase show associations with particular chromosome 3 inversions in D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis. Relative adult amylase activities were compared in 37, 37and 10 strains of D. pseudoobscura, D. persimilis and D. miranda, respectively. Strains carrying the same electrophoretic allele were compared by crossing these lines individually to a reference strain carrying a different electrophoretic mobility allele. This procedure allows comparisons among species, inversions, electromorphs and strains for genetic variation in amylase activity. F2analysis established that the activity variation co-segregates with the structural amylase locus. This type of variation could be due to either structural gene differences or differences in closely linked, cis-acting regulatory regions. Variation has been detected among and within electrophoretic mobility classes. Moreover, this variation is clearly nonrandom and reveals more of the genetic structure associated with the chromosomal inversion phylogeny of D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis. —Some of the findings are: (1) Similar electromorphs in D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis usually show different activities. These species show nearly complete differentiation of amylase alleles, based on activities. (2) D. persimilis has the broadest range of variation in amylase activity, about four-fold between the highest and lowest alleles. D. pseudoobscura and D. miranda are also polymorphic for activity, but have more constrained ranges of variation. D. miranda alleles show on the average about four times the activity of D. pseudoobscura alleles. (3) Some association of electrophoretic mobility and activity has been found. Alleles 1.09 of D. persimilis, as well as 1.43 and 1.55 of D. miranda, have relatively high activity. It may be that these high activity alleles are part of an adaptation to cooler habitats. (4)Within electrophoretic classes, associations of activities with inversions have been found. These are especially strong in D. persimilis. The 1.00 alleles in the ST, KL,MD and WT inversions, the 0.92 allele in the ST and MD inversions and the 1.09 allele in the WT and KLinversions have levels of activities that depend upon the arrangement in which they are located. These results demonstrate that suppression of recombination in inversion heterokaryotypes can result inextensive genic divergence between inversions.

scholarly journals Іnfluence of biological additives on the level of physical qualities of athletes (on the example of volleyball)

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
A. Gakman ◽  
I. Vaskan ◽  
P. Goryuk ◽  
A. Nigda
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Effective Dynamics ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Experimental Group

The use of biologically active substances as a sports nutrition and supplements to the diet of athletes, aiming for high results, contribute to improving the adaptive capacity of their body, the formation of energy resources and effective recovery after exercise. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of supplementation in anaerobic physical work, which is prevalent in female athletes volleyball players, to improve performance and recovery of the body. Achievement of this goal was ensured by the use of a set of the following methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature; pedagogical: pedagogical testing and pedagogical experiment; biochemical analysis of saliva; methods of mathematical statistics. Results: The activity of saliva enzymes, in particular amylase activity, was shown, indicating the relationship between salivary amylase activity and tissue carbohydrate metabolism enzymes. High activity of this enzyme has been determined, which indicates an increase in the body's ability to use carbohydrates, which is a valuable energy substrate. High activity of this enzyme is observed in both experimental groups, but in the experimental group it is possible to speak about more intensive course of these reactions. As a result, when comparing the physical qualities of the volleyball players of the experimental and control groups, we observe more effective dynamics in improving the results of the athletes of the experimental group.

scholarly journals Introgression of qDTY1.1 Governing Reproductive Stage Drought Tolerance into an Elite Basmati Rice Variety “Pusa Basmati 1” through Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Gaurav Dhawan ◽  
Aruna Kumar ◽  
Priyanka Dwivedi ◽  
Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan ◽  
Madan Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Backcross Breeding ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

Drought stress at the reproductive stage in rice is one of the most important cause for yield reduction, affecting both productivity and quality. All Basmati rice varieties, including the popular cultivar “Pusa Basmati 1 (PB1)” is highly sensitive to reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS). We report for the first time, improvement of a Basmati cultivar for RSDS tolerance, with the introgression of a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), “qDTY1.1” into PB1. The QTL was sourced from an aus variety, Nagina 22 (N22). A microsatellite (simple sequence repeat (SSR)) marker “RM 431” located at telomeric end (38.89 mb) of chromosome 1, and located within a 1.04 mb QTL region was employed for foreground selection for qDTY1.1 in the marker assisted backcross breeding process. A set of 113 SSR markers polymorphic between N22 and PB1 were utilized for background selection to ensure higher recurrent parent genome recovery. After three backcrosses followed by five generations of selfing, eighteen near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed, through combinatory selection for agro-morphological, grain and cooking quality traits. The NILs were evaluated for three consecutive Kharif seasons, 2017, 2018 and 2019 under well-watered and drought stress conditions. RSDS tolerance and yield stability indicated that P1882-12-111-3, P1882-12-111-5, P1882-12-111-6, P1882-12-111-7, P1882-12-111-12, P1882-12-111-15 and P1882-12-111-17 were best in terms of overall agronomic and grain quality under RSDS. Additionally, NILs exhibited high yield potential under normal condition as well. The RSDS tolerant Basmati NILs with high resilience to water stress, is a valuable resource for sustaining Basmati rice production under water limiting production environments.

The superokra leaf gene and short-season cotton breeding

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (100) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
NJ Thomson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Normal Leaf ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Selection For

The performance of superokra leaf backcross progenies was compared with their normal leaf recurrent parent in two experiments in two successive seasons at Narrabri Research Station in the Namoi River Valley of New South Wales. The first experiment used standard 1 m row spacing and the second both standard and twin-row spacing (two rows sown 25 cm apart on 1 m beds). Other varietal comparisons including short-season and standard types, and normal and superokra leaf types were also made. The mean yield of 220 superokra progenies was 8.4% less than their recurrent parent in the first experiment. The mean yield of 14 of these was 1.2% greater in the second experiment. The superokra leaf progenies were earlier maturing and had a higher lint percentage. Strength and fineness of the progenies compared with the parent varied between experiments. Although mean staple length of the superokra leaf progenies was shorter than the recurrent parent it was demonstrated that selection for longer staple without yield sacrifice was feasible in the backcross population. All short season varieties tested had deficiencies of yield or quality compared with desired standards. The normal leaf Tamcot SP-37 and the superokra leaf M8 variety appeared to have the best combination of earliness and other attributes. There were no significant variety interactions with row spacing. Further study is needed to clarify the usefulness of the superokra leaf gene, because of quality deficiencies and apparent greater instability of varietal performance associated with the gene.

scholarly journals Genetic basis and natural variation of α-amylase isozymes in barley

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. D. Brown ◽  
J. V. Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Seed Storage Protein ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Wild Progenitor ◽  
Isoelectric Points ◽  
Allozyme Loci

SUMMARYTwo physiologically and biochemically distinct groups of α-amylase (E.C.3.2.1.1) isozymes are synthesized when isolated aleurone layers of barley are incubated with gibberellic acid (GA3). Isoelectric focusing of the α-amylases showed that the isoelectric points of the isozymes of one group were near pH 5, whereas those of the second group were close to pH 6. Using wheat–barley addition lines, the genes for these groups were located in barley chromosomes 1 and 6 respectively. Joint segregation in the F2 generation of appropriate crosses indicated that the isozymes within each group were inherited collectively, and were attributed to codominant alleles segregating at two presumably complex loci, α-Amy 2 and α-Amy 1.The extent of genetic variation at these two loci was examined in 40 lines of Hordeum spontaneum (the wild progenitor of barley), and in a complex gene pool representative of H. vulgare (composite cross XXI). Variation at the α-Amy 1 locus was much more extensive than that at the α-Amy 2 locus. The genetic variation at both α-amylase loci exceeded that at the majority of other allozyme loci. However the α-amylase loci were less variable than the two loci coding for the seed storage protein, hordein. The wild species was found to contain much genetic diversity, which might be useful in modifying α-amylase activity by breeding. Parallels between the genetics and variation of α-amylase in barley and wheat were noted.

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