scholarly journals Release of phosphorus, aluminium and iron in fractionation of inorganic soil phosphorus

1987 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Extractable Iron ◽  
Extractable Al

Release of phosphorus, aluminium and iron by a modified Chang and Jackson procedure was studied in five mineral soils. Quantities of aluminium and iron released during the procedure and extracted by acid ammonium oxalate were compared. The extractability of P, Al and Fe by 1 M NH4CI and that of Al and Fe by alkaline 0.5 M NH4F was poor. Proportions of P extracted by 0.5 M NH4F (0.2—10.4 mmol/kg soil) and 0.1 M NaOH (0.1— 9.8 mmol/kg soil) were related to the molar ratio of oxalate-extractable iron and aluminium. P extracted by 0.25 M H2SO4 amounted to 2.1—12.2 mmol/kg soil. Al extracted by 0.1 M NaOH (7—174 mmol/kg soil) and 0.25 M H2SO4 (17—112 mmol/kg soil) amounted to 55—94 % and 16—245 % of oxalate-extractable Al, respectively. Fe released by 0.1 M NaOH (1—10 mmol/kg soil) and 0.25 M H2SO4 (30—196 mmol/kg soil) amounted to 1—13 % and 62—272 % of oxalate-extractable Fe, respectively. In total, 91—309 % of oxalate-extractable Al and 70—285 % of oxalate-extractable Fe were released by NaOH and H2SO4.

scholarly journals Effect of extractant pH on the release of soil phosphorus, aluminium and iron by ammonium fluoride

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Acid Fluoride ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Mineral Soils

Release of P, Al and Fe of five mineral soils in four-hour extraction by 0.1 M NH4F, pH 4.2—8.6, generally increased with decreasing pH of the extractant. Fluoride was a rather selective extractant of Al at pH 6.1—8.6 where the extractability of iron was low. NH4F, pH 4.2, released a great part of P solubilized in fractionation of inorganic soil P, and Al was extracted more than by Tamm’s acid ammonium oxalate. Acid fluoride solutions released OH- ions from soils. The initial pH of fluoride was 4.2—5.2, and it rose in the filtrates of all soils.

The effects of rice growing on soil phosphorus immobilization

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (91) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Willett ◽  
WA Muirhead ◽  
ML Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
New South ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Rice Soils ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Extractable Iron ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

Representative rice soils of the Murrumbidgee and Coleambally Irrigation Areas, New South Wales, were analysed for phosphate (P) sorption characteristics and active iron. Samples analysed were taken before and after flooding (in the field and glasshouse) and from rice bays, irrigation control banks and nearby, non-irrigated fencelines. Previously flooded soils showed greater P sorption capacities than their non-flooded soil counterparts. It was indicated that soils that had previously grown rice required more P for upland cropping than non-rice soils. P sorption was significantly positively correlated with active (acid ammonium oxalate extractable) iron. It was proposed that prolonged waterlogging mobilized iron from relatively well ordered iron oxides of low P sorption capacity but on oxidation formed disordered iron oxides with a large capacity to immobilize P.

Soil phosphorus saturation degree: Review of some indices and their suitability for P management in Québec, Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Beauchemin ◽  
R. R. Simard
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Saturation Degree ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Phosphorus Saturation ◽  
Soil Groups

Many agricultural fields contain excessive labile soil P in regard to crop needs. Its environmental fate must be assessed. The concept of P saturation degree is meaningful as it describes the portion of the soil binding sites already covered with P, and indicates the potential desorbability of soil P. The first objective of this study was to review different indices that have been proposed to estimate the degree of soil P saturation and the relationships between soil P saturation degree and P solubility. The second objective is to discuss their suitability as environmental indicators for P management in the province of Québec, Canada. In the Netherlands, the P saturation index is defined as the ratio of P to Al + Fe contents extracted by ammonium oxalate [Pox/( Alox + Feox ) or ( Pox/0.5( Alox + Feox )]. This approach has been mainly used with non-calcareous soils. In Québec, the ratio of Mehlich-III extractable P to Al (M3P/AlM3) is proposed as an alternative, which relies on routine laboratory test. However, the suitability of the M3P/AlM3 ratio has yet to be determined for some specific soil groups (e.g. gleyed soils, soils with Alox content >6 g kg−1) and for subsoil horizons. Regardless of the chosen index, it is suggested that the best way to manage the risk of water contamination by P in Québec (namely, defining critical levels of soil P saturation) may be to form homogeneous soil groups to account for their distinctive behaviour and characteristics. Key words: Phosphorus, saturation, management

scholarly journals Extractable aluminium, iron and manganese in mineral soils: III Comparison of extraction methods

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Extractable Metals ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Extractable Al ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The extractability of soil Al, Fe and Mn were studied in 102 mineral soil samples. The extractants were 0.05 M oxalate (pH 2.9), 0.05 M K4P2O7 (pH 10), 0.02 M EDTA (pH 5.3) and 1 M CH3COONH4 (pH 4.8). In the group of clay and silt soils (n = 51), the Al extracted by the four extractants correlated closely; the r values ranged from 0.91*** to 0.96***; in coarser soils (n = 51) the r values ranged from 0.42* to 0.82***. In clay and silt soils, the organic carbon content and soil pH together explained 50 % of the variation in oxalate-extractable Al, 70 % of the variation in pyrophosphate-extractable Al, 53 % of the variation in pyrophosphate-extractable Fe and 56 % of the variation in acetate-extractable Al. The clay and organic carbon contents together with soil pH explained 77 % of the variation in EDTA-extractable Al in clay and silt soils. In coarse soils, the extractable metals were not closely related to the soil characteristics.

scholarly journals Determination of available soil phosphorus by chemical methods

1978 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkki Aura
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Resin Method

Phosphorus uptake by oats in pot experiments was compared with phosphorus test values obtained for experimental soils. Phosphorus was extracted from the soil using acid ammonium acetate solution, Bray 1 solution, Olsen solution, ammonium fluoride, distilled water and anion exchange resin. Intensity values were determined by equilibrating the soils with 0.01 M CaCl2 solution. Soil samples were collected from 30 mineral soils. The best test for phosphorus status proved to be the anion exchange resin method. Good results were also obtained with simple water extraction. An advantage of the water and resin method is that the microstructure of the soil is not substantially changed when using these methods. An intensity measurement was not in itself sufficient for analysis of the phosphorus status, since the intensity drops rapidly when soil releases phosphorus.

Sugarcane Biomass Yield Response to Phosphorus Fertilizer on Four Mineral Soils as Related to Extractable Soil Phosphorus

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (22) ◽  
pp. 2960-2970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin S. Alvarado ◽  
J. Mabry McCray ◽  
John E. Erickson ◽  
Hardev S. Sandhu ◽  
Jehangir H. Bhadha
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Extractable Soil

Relationship of soil phosphorus with uranium in grassland mineral soils in Ireland using soils from a long-term phosphorus experiment and a National Soil Database

2009 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Tunney ◽  
Mirjana Stojanović ◽  
Jelena Mrdaković Popić ◽  
David McGrath ◽  
Chaosheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Database ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Relationship Of

Phosphorus availability in soils subjected to short periods of flooding and drying

Soil Research ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Willett
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Reaction ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption ◽  
Hydrous Oxide ◽  
Flooding And Drying ◽  
Sorption Index ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption Index ◽  
Extractable Iron ◽  
Flooding Period

The effects of flooding and drying on the availability of original soil phosphorus, phosphorus added before flooding and phosphorus added after drying were studied. In four soils high in organic carbon and reducible iron, 2 or more days of flooding (at 25�C) caused the immobilization of phosphorus added after drying. Four or more days of flooding caused immobilization of original soil phosphorus. Phosphorus applied before the flooding period was immobilized to a greater degree than phosphorus applied after drying in a soil rich in organic carbon and reducible iron. In a soil low in these, phosphorus applied before flooding was immobilized, but phosphorus applied after drying was not. Changes in soil extractable iron and phosphorus, and in phosphorus sorption index, caused by flooding and drying, were consistent with immobilization of phosphorus added after flooding by a surface reaction, and the immobilization of phosphorus present during flooding by occlusion of phosphorus with iron(III) hydrous oxide, or by formation of iron(III) phosphate.

scholarly journals Sorption capacity of phosphate in mineral soils: I Estimation of sorption capacity by means of sorption isotherms

1990 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Langmuir Equation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Extractable Al

The sorption capacity of phosphate in seven soil samples (clay content 1—70 %, organic carbon content 0.8—10.7 %, soil pH 4.2—5.3, oxalate-extractable Al 11—222 and Fe 11—202 mmol/kg soil) was studied by means of sorption isotherms. The soils were equilibrated, for two to seven days at +5 and +20°C, with solutions containing phosphate 0—10 mmol/l (0—200 mmol/kg soil) at a constant ionic strength of 0.01 . Prolongation of the reaction time increased the sorption of phosphate only partially. The rise in temperature, from +5 to +20°C, increased the sorption from higher phosphate concentrations. At +20°C, the sorption curves of three soils showed a sorption maximum of 4, 19 and 34 mmol/kg soil. The sorption data of six soils was in accordance with the Langmuir equation; the sorption maximum ranged from 15 to 119 mmol/kg soil, and were of the same magnitude as the maximums determined experimentally.

DITHIONITE- AND OXALATE-EXTRACTABLE Fe AND Al AS AIDS IN DIFFERENTIATING VARIOUS CLASSES OF SOILS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKeague ◽  
J. H. Day
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Iron Accumulation ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Canadian Soils ◽  
Oxalate Extraction ◽  
Crystalline Oxides ◽  
Extractable Iron

Iron and aluminum were determined in acid ammonium oxalate extracts and in dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate extracts of a wide range of Canadian soils, several oxide and silicate minerals, and some amorphous preparations of iron or aluminum and silica. The oxalate extraction dissolved much of the iron and aluminum from the amorphous materials but very little from crystalline oxides, whereas the dithionite extraction dissolved a large proportion of the crystalline iron oxides as well as much of the amorphous materials. Oxalate-extractable iron and aluminum gave a useful indication of Bf horizon development in many soils, even if the parent materials were high in iron oxides. In one class of Gleysolic soils, however, the Bfg horizons were high in dithionite-extractable iron and low in oxalate-extractable iron. An accumulation of goethite was found in the Bfg horizon of some of these soils. In some other Gleysolic soils iron was depleted in the A horizon but there was no horizon of iron accumulation. Extraction of soils with oxalate as well as with dithionite is useful in differentiating certain classes of soils and in identifying horizons of accumulation of secondary sesquioxides.

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