scholarly journals Fusarium mycotoxins as a problem in Finnish feeds and cereals

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Eeva Karppanen ◽  
Aldo Rizzo ◽  
Seija Berg
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Minor Problem ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

In the past mycotoxins have been only an occasional minor problem for domestic animals in Finland. In 1982 a large number of intoxicated animals were suspected of being affected by mycotoxicosis. Later on imported maize was found to be the cause of the illness. After 2 years of investigations we concentrated our attention on Fusarium toxins, and in the autumn of 1984 we were able to detect the presence of trichothecenes in feeds. The rainy summer of 1984 created very favourable conditions for the growth of moulds. The production lines of some feed factories were contaminated by Fusarium fungi. The number of intoxicated animals increased drastically. Two strains of Fusaria were isolated at a feed factory. Since the trichothecenes have strong dermotoxic and cytotoxic effects, biological tests were used in this investigation. Capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to identify and quantify the trichothecenes. Qualitative and quantitative results are presented together with the symptoms observed in the intoxicated animals. The reliability and the significance of the results have been discussed. Despite what has earlier been believed, itis evident from our results that trichothecenes are unstable in cereals and feeds. In fact, samples which originally proved to be toxic were found to be almost toxin-free after 3 to 6 months storage at +4°C.

PCB profiles in sediments of Lakes Maggiore, Como and Garda (Italy)

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Provini ◽  
S Galassi ◽  
L Guzzella ◽  
G Valli
Keyword(s):  
General Trend ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lake Garda ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
Recent Sediments

Single PCB congeners were determined in dated sediment cores taken from the three greatest Italian lakes. The PCB profile is fairly constant with time in the three lakes and similar to that of a mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 (35 : 65). Qualitative and quantitative results are consistent with the amounts of Aroclor sold, showing a general trend towards less in recent sediments than in the 1970s. However, this decrease was sharper in Lakes Maggiore and Como, which in the past had PCB concentration peaks of 197 ng g-1 and 822 ng g-1, repectively, than in Lake Garda (peak 38 ng g-1). There is disequilibrium between the top sediment layer and the water column due to freshly settled algae, which can adsorb PCBs to a greater extent than can abiotic particulate matter. A comparison of PCB loads in rain and in sediment shows that there are still local sources of contamination in Lake Como. The net flux of less chlorinated PCBs from Lake Maggiore to the atmosphere indicates that this waterbody can be a source of pollution for the surrounding area.

In situ microprobe quantitation of inorganic particle burden in paraffin sections of lung tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Jerrold L. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Data Result

Inorganic particulate material of diverse types is present in the ambient and occupational environment, and exposure to such materials is a well recognized cause of some lung disease. To investigate the interaction of inhaled inorganic particulates with the lung it is necessary to obtain quantitative information on the particulate burden of lung tissue in a wide variety of situations. The vast majority of diagnostic and experimental tissue samples (biopsies and autopsies) are fixed with formaldehyde solutions, dehydrated with organic solvents and embedded in paraffin wax. Over the past 16 years, I have attempted to obtain maximal analytical use of such tissue with minimal preparative steps. Unique diagnostic and research data result from both qualitative and quantitative analyses of sections. Most of the data has been related to inhaled inorganic particulates in lungs, but the basic methods are applicable to any tissues. The preparations are primarily designed for SEM use, but they are stable for storage and transport to other laboratories and several other instruments (e.g., for SIMS techniques).

Cucurbitacins as Anticancer Agents: A Patent Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Ivan R. Green ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Khanzadi F. Khattak ◽  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Cucurbitacins belong to a group of tetracyclic triterpenoids that display a wide range of biological effects. In the past, numerous cucurbitacins have been isolated from natural sources and many active compounds have been synthesized using the privileged scaffold in order to enhance its cytotoxic effects. Objective: his review covers patents on the therapeutic effects of natural cucurbitacins and their synthetic analogs published during the past decade. By far, the majority of patents published are related to cancer and Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) of these compounds are included to lend gravitas to this important class of natural products. Methods: The date about the published patents was downloaded via online open access patent databases. Results: Cucurbitacins display significant cytotoxic properties, in particular cucurbitacins B and D which possess very potent effects towards a number of cancer cells. Numerous cucurbitacins isolated from natural sources have been derivatized through chemical modification at the C(2)-OH and C(25)- OH groups. Most importantly, an acyl ester of the C(25)-OH and, iso-propyl, n-propyl and ethyl ether groups of the C(2)-OH demonstrated the most increased cytotoxic activity. Conclusion: The significant cytotoxic effects of natural and semi-synthetic cucurbitacins make them attractive as new drug candidates. Moreover, cucurbitacins have the capability to form conjugates with other anticancer drugs which will synergistically enhance their anticancer effects. The authors believe that in order to get lead compounds, there should be a greater focus on the synthesis of homodimers, heterodimers, and halo derivatives of cucurbitacins. In the opinion of the authors the analysis of the published patents on the cucurbitacins indicates that these compounds can be developed into a regimen to treat a wide spectrum of cancers.

Attraction of prey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Horner ◽  
Bartosz J. Płachno ◽  
Ulrike Bauer ◽  
Bruno Di Giusto
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Prey Attraction

The ability to attract prey has long been considered a universal trait of carnivorous plants. We review studies from the past 25 years that have investigated the mechanisms by which carnivorous plants attract prey to their traps. Potential attractants include nectar, visual, olfactory, and acoustic cues. Each of these has been well documented to be effective in various species, but prey attraction is not ubiquitous among carnivorous plants. Directions for future research, especially in native habitats in the field, include: the qualitative and quantitative analysis of visual cues, volatiles, and nectar; temporal changes in attractants; synergistic action of combinations of attractants; the cost of attractants; and responses to putative attractants in electroantennograms and insect behavioral tests.

scholarly journals Affective communication: a mixed method investigation into COVID-19 outbreak communication using the Taiwanese government Facebook page

2021 ◽  
pp. 175797592110035
Author(s):  
Chia Yu Lien ◽  
Yun-Hsuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Health Authority ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Affective Communication ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Results

The COVID-19 outbreak has created an unprecedented challenge for governments to convey information to the public, and social media has become a critical method of COVID-19 communication in Taiwan. Objectives: This study examines a total of 1128 Facebook posts published by Taiwan’s principal health authority from December 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020. Methods: Using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, this study investigates strategies used by the Taiwan government to communicate the COVID-19 outbreak and public responses toward these strategies. Result: Novel uses of Facebook posts on outbreak communication were identified, including solidarity, reviews of actions, press conferences, and the use of animal and cartoon images. Quantitative results showed that the public responded significantly more frequently to messages generating positive affects, such as posts that reviewed government actions and public efforts; posts that expressed thanks, approval, or comradeship; and posts that paired text with photographs of frontline workers or cute animals. Conclusion: These results suggest that, amid a disease outbreak, the public not only look for updated situations and guidelines but also for affective affirmation from government agencies.

Multidirection Validation of a Finite Element 50th Percentile Male Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Test Device for Spaceflight Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek A. Jones ◽  
James P. Gaewsky ◽  
Mona Saffarzadeh ◽  
Jacob B. Putnam ◽  
Ashley A. Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Fe Modeling ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Male Hybrid

The use of anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) for calculating injury risk of occupants in spaceflight scenarios is crucial for ensuring the safety of crewmembers. Finite element (FE) modeling of ATDs reduces cost and time in the design process. The objective of this study was to validate a Hybrid III ATD FE model using a multidirection test matrix for future spaceflight configurations. Twenty-five Hybrid III physical tests were simulated using a 50th percentile male Hybrid III FE model. The sled acceleration pulses were approximately half-sine shaped, and can be described as a combination of peak acceleration and time to reach peak (rise time). The range of peak accelerations was 10–20 G, and the rise times were 30–110 ms. Test directions were frontal (−GX), rear (GX), vertical (GZ), and lateral (GY). Simulation responses were compared to physical tests using the correlation and analysis (CORA) method. Correlations were very good to excellent and the order of best average response by direction was −GX (0.916±0.054), GZ (0.841±0.117), GX (0.792±0.145), and finally GY (0.775±0.078). Qualitative and quantitative results demonstrated the model replicated the physical ATD well and can be used for future spaceflight configuration modeling and simulation.

Nonlinear Analysis of a Rigid Rotor on Magnetic Bearings

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nataraj
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Forced Response ◽  
Magnetic Bearings ◽  
Rigid Rotor ◽  
Stability Criteria ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Nonlinear Equations Of Motion

A simple model of a rigid rotor supported on magnetic bearings is considered. A proportional control architecture is assumed, the nonlinear equations of motion are derived and some essential nondimensional parameters are identified. The free and forced response of the system is analyzed using techniques of nonlinear analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative results are obtained and stability criteria are derived for safe operation of the system.

Relationships between Schistosomes and their Molluscan Hosts in Africa

1966 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
The Past

Some years ago I suggested that a medical malacologist must not only learn to think like a population of snails but that he must also try to see those snails through the eye-spots of populations of trematode miracidia. For the past ten years I have been attempting to perform this unlikely combined feat. As time passes my tendency has been to concentrate on the second part of the contortion, partly because as a helminthologist it is natural to take a worm's-eye view of life and partly because it is very easy to become absorbed in the biology of the snails for their own sake. We should remember that if molluscs were not essential hosts to some parasites of man and domestic animals there would be no justification for a symposium on medical malacology.

scholarly journals UCAN: A Learning-based Model to Enhance Poorly Exposed Images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas R. V. Messias ◽  
Cristiano R. Steffens ◽  
Paulo L. J. Drews-Jr ◽  
Silvia S. C. Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Fast Learning ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Critical Process ◽  
Poor Lighting

Image enhancement is a critical process in imagebased systems. In these systems, image quality is a crucial factor to achieve a good performance. Scenes with a dynamic range above the capability of the camera or poor lighting are challenging conditions, which usually result in low contrast images, and, with that, we can have the underexposure and/or overexposure problem. In this work, our aim is to restore illexposed images. For this purpose, we present UCAN, a small and fast learning-based model capable to restore and enhance poorly exposed images. The obtained results are evaluated using image quality indicators which show that the proposed network is able to improve images damaged by real and simulated exposure. Qualitative and quantitative results show that the proposed model outperforms the existing models for this objective.

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