scholarly journals Storage fungi of onion and their control

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Risto Tahvonen
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Fungus ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Storage Fungi ◽  
Botrytis Allii ◽  
Propagation Material

Botrytis allii Munn caused total onion damages of 15—20 % during storage in 1975—1979, and was present on 80—90 % of the spoilt onions. The proportion of damage caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schl. was 0—5 % and was present in 0—10 % of the spoilt onions. The early weight losses during storage of the onions were mostly due to storage pathogens which spread via the onion sets used as propagation material. This can be prevented very effectively by soaking the sets in benomyl solution before planting out. The unusually high fungus content of the sets resulted in a reduced yield. Spraying with fungicide early on in the growing season and applying different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on the number of storage pathogens. A low stroge temperature did not inhibit the development of storage pathogens, it merely slowed it down.

Influence of fertilizers and of the autumn tillage method on potato yield and phytopathologiс characteristics of tubers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
V. I. Titova ◽  
E. T. Akopdzhanyan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region ◽  
Production Conditions

The field experiment on identifying differences in the effect of the herbicide and foliar feeding of plants with liquid nitrogen fertilizer (UAN-32) against the background of autumn tillage with a cultivator or plow on potato yield and phytopathologic characteristics of tubers during storage was carried out in 2019-2020 in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The experiment was laid on sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil in production conditions on two varieties of potato ‒ the super-early Сolomba variety and the medium-early Innovator variety grown for seeds. The variants under study were surface application of the soil herbicide Gezagard in a tank mixture with UAN-32 and foliar feeding of plants with UAN-32 (N42) during the growing season against the background of N42P42K169 (calcium chloride in autumn + ammonium nitrate phosphate in spring). The results indicate that the background fertilization provides the yield of Colombа variety potato of 20.7-29.0 t/ha, the Innovator variety – 17.4-23.1 t/ha. The use of the herbicide is more effective during autumn tillage with a cultivator, providing an increase in yield of 28-37 % on both potato varieties, feeding of plants with UAN-32 contributes to an increase in yield (8-10 %) only on the Сolomba variety. Plowing the soil for potatoes helps to avoid the pest damage of tubers and to reduce their susceptibility to rhizoctonia by 6-27 %, to wet rot ‒ up to 55 %. In general, it has been established that due to autumn plowing with fertilization at a dose of N42P42K169, it is possible to obtain an increase in potato yield exceeding the increase provided both by herbicides and the use of foliar feeding of potatoes.

scholarly journals Using Insurance to Enhance Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Timing to Reduce Nitrogen Losses

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yuan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Expected Utility ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Risk Cost

AbstractNitrogen applied before planting is more vulnerable to loss to the environment than nitrogen applied during the growing season, but the growing season application can increase the risk of lower yields caused by adverse weather that prohibits farmers to complete N application. An expected utility framework is used to illustrate the potential economic benefit of insurance for a farmer to reduce this risk cost. An expected-value variance analysis is used to illustrate the potential benefit of insurance to Iowa corn growers who apply N fertilizer only during the growing season.

Biological control of foot and root rot in pea caused by Fusarium solani with nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Oyarzun ◽  
J. Postma ◽  
A. J. G. Luttikholt ◽  
A. E. Hoogland
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Field Soils

Two nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were examined for their ability to counteract F. solani f.sp. pisi, which causes foot and dry root rot in pea. Antagonism was studied in vitro, in a sterilized field soil, and in six natural field soils. Besides native F. solani, other typical pea root rot pathogens occurred in the natural field soils. Both nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates reduced disease severity and prevented the plant weight losses that occurred owing to F. solani f.sp. pisi in sterilized soil. Precolonization of sterilized soil with nonpathogenic isolates increased the antagonistic effect. Also, in highly infested field soils the addition of nonpathogenic isolates resulted in lower disease severities and higher yields. Colonization of the soil organic matter by F. oxysporum reached 100% in sterilized soil, independent of the presence of F. solani, and 40 – 90% in naturally infested soils containing native F. solani. The performance of benomyl-resistant mutants of F. oxysporum did not differ from their wild types. Key words: antagonism, soil organic matter, colonization, Pisum sativum.

scholarly journals 1029 PREDICTING IN-SEASON NITROGEN REQUIREMENTS FOR IRRIGATED POTATOES USING NITRATE SAPTESTS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 575g-576
Author(s):  
Carl J. Rosen ◽  
Mohamed Errebhi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Nitrate Losses ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Applying appropriate rates of nitrogen fertilizer during the growing season for potatoes on irrigated sandy soils is an important concern from both a production and environmental standpoint. Although potatoes on sandy soils are responsive to nitrogen fertilizer, high rates of nitrogen applied early in the growing season have been associated with nitrate leaching due to unpredictable rainfall. Use of lower nitrogen rates applied more frequently through the season is one strategy to minimize nitrate losses and improve nitrogen use efficiency. Portable nitrate electrodes were used to measure nitrate concentrations in petiole sap. Diagnostic criteria based on final yield and nitrate sap concentrations at various growth stages were developed over a three year period. This rapid test can now be used to make an immediate assessment of nitrogen status of the plant and a prediction for whether supplemental nitrogen will be needed. On-farm trials are currently being carried out to demonstrate the use of the saptest as a best management practice.

scholarly journals Broiler Litter and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer Influence on Yield and Earliness of June-bearing Strawberry

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 487E-487
Author(s):  
I.G. Rubeiz ◽  
A.M. Chehab ◽  
M.M. Freiwat ◽  
M.T. Farran
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Broiler Litter ◽  
Micro Elements

Short-term soil application of broiler litter (B) has had variable results when compared to inorganic nitrogen fertilizers (Ni). We grew `Oso Grande' strawberry on raised beds in the greenhouse and treated it with a preplant soil incorporation of B (N = 44, P = 15.3, H2O = 170 g·kg–1) at a N rate of 100 (B1) or 200 (B2) kg·ha–1, and Ni from ammonium nitrate (34.5N–0P–0K) [A] or fluid nitrogen with 10 g·kg-1 micro elements (30N–0P–0K) [F] applied in six equal monthly applications. Results show that fruit yield was increased under B-treated plots (P < 0.05), with B2 yielding the highest. Yield ranged between 172 to 324 g/plant. Fruit number per plant ranged from 14 to 24, with B2 yielding the highest (P < 0.05). Early flowering was enhanced by B2 (P < 0.05), which reflected in higher early yields under B2 (P < 0.05). Leaf tissue NO3-N, PO4-P and Fe were comparable among all treatments during the growing season. Soil NO3-N, available P, CaCO3, and pH at the end of the season were comparable among the treatments (P 0.05), whereas EC was reduced by B1 and F treatments (P < 0.05). We recommend B at 200 kg N/ha as a fertilizer for June-hearing strawberry, and as a good alternative to inorganic N fertilizers.

scholarly journals Leaching of nitrogen in barley, grass ley and fallow lysimeters

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toivo Yläranta ◽  
Jaana Uusi-Kämppä ◽  
Antti Jaakkola
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Lysimeter Experiment ◽  
Grass Ley

The leaching of nitrogen from fallow, fertilized and unfertilized spring barley, and grass ley was studied in a 4-year lysimeter experiment tcarried out on clay, silt and sand soils, and Carex peat. The experimental factors included also irrigation and treatments where the nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the first year as 15N-labelled ammonium nitrate. During four years, 41-66% of the nitrogen applied in the first growing season was recovered in plants harvested. Most of it, 91-96%, was taken up in the year applied. Mostly, the water drainage was lowest in silt and sand soils. The irrigation increased clearly the leaching of nitrogen almost in all treatments. Crops decreased the drainage of water through the lysimeters and the leaching of nitrogen, grass more than barley. The effects of plants and irrigation were similar in all soils, but most marked in sand. The largest amount of nitrogen was leached in irrigated, fallowed sand, 440 kg ha-1, during four years. The majority of the leached nitrogen was nitrate. Only in peat soil a significant amount of nitrogen was leached in some another form. The leaching of 15N-labelled fertilizer during four years was highest in sand, 2.3 kg ha 1 of N or 2.3% of the nitrogen applied in the first experimental year.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Seed Borne Fungi Associated with Chickpea Seeds and Biological and Chemical Control of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Wilt Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
MD Hossain ◽  
M Imran ◽  
KA Bhuiyan ◽  
ME Habib ◽  
M Ikrum
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Storage Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Dematium ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Highly Virulent

A total of 20 chickpea seed samples were collected from BARI, Gazipurand different locations of Savar, Dhaka district. Blotter method was used for detection of the associated fungi of chickpea seeds. Altogether 14 fungi comprising 12 genera namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Botryti cinerea, Curvularia lunata, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum dematium, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phasaelina, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus stolonifer and Stemphylium sarciniforme were isolated from chickpea seed samples. Among the fungi isolated fungi, F. oxysporumwas most prevalent with an average incidence of 18.95% and found in all the seed samples. The germination of seed samples varied from 55-90 % on blotter. The pathogenic fungi and other storage fungi like Aspergillus caused lower the germination of the seeds.A pathogenicity test was conducted with 20 isolates of F. oxysporum against their origin of chickpea seed samples in pot culture. The pathogenecity ranged from weak to highly pathogenic. The isolates FO 19, FO 17, FO 11 and FO 18 were highly virulent. The isolates FO 9, FO10 and FO 15 were virulent and rest of the isolates were moderately virulent. The isolates FO 2 and FO 3 were weak pathogen.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 45-54 2017

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