scholarly journals A polyol mixture or molasses treated beet pulp in the silage based diet of dairy cows: I. The effect on the feed utilization, milk yield and blood values

1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-329
Author(s):  
Mikko Tuori ◽  
Esko Poutiainen
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Comparison Period

This study investigated the effect of a polyol mixture or molasses treated beet pulp on the feed utilization, milk yield and blood values. 24 cows were divided into 3 groups. Hay was given at 2 kg/d, silage ad lib. and concentrate mixture at 78 kg according to the milk yield. The control group had grain (barley-oat) concentrate mixture, the molasses group had grain supplemented with 29 % dried molasses beet pulp and for the polyol group grain was supplemented with 25 % dried beet pulp treated with mixture of sugar alcohols. A 2 weeks standardisation period was followed by 12 of comparison. 12 of the cows were also in a digestibility trial in the later part of the comparison period. Feed intake was heavily reduced in the molasses group and hence the milk yield was significantly lower (P < 0,05) than in the polyol or control groups (19,5, 21,2 and 21,2 kg FCM/d). The mean consumption of polyols was 483 g/d and that of sugars from the molasses beet pulp was 410 g/d. The feed utilization was significantly lower (P < 0,05) in the control group than in the polyol or molasses groups. The consumptions of f.f.u./kg FCM were correspondingly 0,407, 0,375 and 0,373. Digestibility of nitrogen free extracts was significantly higher for the polyol group than for the control group (81,4 and 78,1 %). For molasses group digestibility of NFE was 78,5 %. Digestibility of OM was correspondingly 76,2, 73,6 and 74,3. Rumen butyric acid formation was higher in the polyol group than in the molasses or control groups, although the differences were not statistically sinificant. The blood and plasma parameters studied were haemoglobin, PVC, ketone bodies in blood, glucose, total protein, urea-N and uric acid in plasma. Plasma urea-N was higher (P < 0,01) in the control than the polyol or molasses groups. In glucose or ketone bodies concentration there were no treatment induced differences.

scholarly journals Nutritional and net energy value of fermented olive wastes in rations of lactating ewes

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Christodoulou ◽  
V.A. Bampidis ◽  
P.H. Robinson ◽  
C.J. Israilides ◽  
A. Giouzelyiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
A Value ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Net Energy Value

In an experiment with 18 lactating Chios ewes, the replacement of barley grain, wheat grain, sugar beet pulp and lucerne meal with fermented olive wastes (FOW), maize grain and soybean meal was used to formulate diets that allowed the net energy (NE) for lactation (NE<sub>l</sub>) density of FOW to be calculated. In the experiment, which lasted 8 weeks, ewes were allocated, after equal distribution for milk yield, body weight (BW) and lactation number, into three treatments of 6 ewes each in a Youden square experimental design with 4 consecutive periods of 14 days. Ewes in all groups were offered a concentrate mixture <i>ad libitum</i> (1.12 kg/ewe/day, dry matter (DM) basis) and lucerne hay (0.90 kg/ewe/day, DM basis). FOW were added to the concentrate mixture at inclusion levels (on an as-fed basis) of 0, 100 and 200 kg/t for treatments FOW0, FOW100 and FOW200, respectively. There were no differences among groups in milk protein (60.0 g/kg), lactose (53.0 g/kg) or ash (9.6 g/kg) contents, but milk fat content increased linearly (<i>P</i> < 0.01) with increasing dietary levels of FOW. Average milk yield (1 137 g/day) and yields of components tended (<i>P</i> < 0.10) to decrease with increased FOW feeding. The best estimate of the NEl density of FOW was 2.55 MJ/kg DM at 2.7×M NE intake, a value only slightly lower than that of 2.62 at 2.7×M based upon a Van Soest et al. (1984) discount from equations of Van Es (1978), who suggested 3.00 MJ/kg DM at 1.1×M of NE intake. FOW is a low protein, high fibre and low NEl feedstuff that will be of limited value in rations of high producing lactating ewes.

scholarly journals Untreated and formaldehyde-treated urea as nitrogen sources for young growing bulls

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Jouko Setälä ◽  
Liisa Syrjälä-Qvist ◽  
Pentti Aspila
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Daily Gain

Untreated urea and urea treated with 1.5 % formaldehyde were compared as nitrogen sources for young growing bulls. The experiment was performed with 12 individually fed animals, eight of which were Friesians and four Finnish Ayrshires, and the average age of the animals at the beginning of the experiment was about 3.5 months. After a standardization period of two weeks, the animals were divided into two groups with similar distributions by daily gain, feed utilization, liveweight and age. During the following transition period of one week the feeding of the animals was changed to the experimental diets of the 24-week test period. The feeding was based on NaOH-treated barley straw and a mixture of barley, oats and molassed beet pulp, and planned for a daily gain of 1000 grams/animal. During the standardization period the animals received 2.9 % untreated urea in the concentrate, and soybean meal was also used to bring the feeding into agreement with the standards chosen. During the test period the animals received untreated or treated urea and their contributed about 35—40 % of their DCP requirements. There were no significant differences between the groups in daily gain, feed utilization or slaughter results. Nor did the two groups show any significant differences in plasma urea, albumin and total proteins. The plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase and creatinine did not differ significantly between the groups.

scholarly journals Monensin feeding trial with young growing bulls

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Mikko Tuori ◽  
Liisa Syrjälä-Qvist
Keyword(s):  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

The effect of monensin ongrowth and feed utilization was studied in male calves of milk breeds, mainly Ayrshire. After weaning they were kept in an indicated loose-housing type shed divided into four strawbedded pens. The experiment was started at the age of 2—3 months and lasted 16 weeks. A concentrate mixture and grass silage were offered ad libitum. The concentrate given to the test groups had a monensin content of 35 ppm. Monensin lowered the feed consumption: in the control and test groups the intake of concentrate was 3.9 and 3.7 kg DM, respectively, the silage intake was 0.8 and 0.7kg DM, the fattening feed unit intake was 4.65 and 4.36, and the ME 54.4 and 50.9 MJ per day. The liveweight gain was not affected (1328 and 1329 g/d). Monensin improved the feed conversion rate by 6 %. The animals in the test groups were slightly cleaner than the animals in the control groups.

scholarly journals Effect of growth promoters (probiotics) supplementation on performance, rumen activity and some blood constituents in growing lambs

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-617
Author(s):  
H. Hillal ◽  
G. El-Sayaad ◽  
M. Abdella
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Live Body Weight

Abstract. The current study examined the effects of probiotics (Pronifer and More-yeast) supplementation to growing lambs. 25 crossbred (Osimi×Rahmani) growing lambs of about 6–8 months age and an average initial live body weight of 25 kg were used. Lambs divided into five groups (5 lambs for each group) and the experimental period lasted for 169 days. The control group T1 received concentrate feed mixture (CFM), group T2 and T3 received 1.5 and 3 kg Pronifer/Mg (megagram) CFM and group T4 and T5 received 2.5 and 5 kg More-yeast/ Mg CFM, respectively. Rumen liquor and blood samples were taken and digestibility trial was conducted at the end of the experiment. Results showed higher digestibility values for crude protein (P<0.05) in T3 and T4 when compared to control. Nutritive ratio was lower (P<0.05) in groups T3 and T4 than in group T2. More-yeast supplementation improved dry matter intake (P<0.001), while a reverse trend was observed with Pronifer supplementation. All treatments had little effect on ruminal liquor except ruminal ammonia concentration in T5 was lower (P<0.05) than other treatments. The differences in most blood plasma parameters due to treatment effect were not significant, except plasma urea and globulin concentrations increased (P<0.05) with T5 treatment. The obtained results appear to indicate that Moreyeast supplementation improved lambs performance and digestibility, whereas, Pronifer supplementation enhanced digestibility.

scholarly journals Impact of Dry Sugar Beet Pulp on Milk Production, Digestibility Traits, and Blood Constituents of Dairy Holstein Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3496
Author(s):  
Mohamed K. Mohsen ◽  
Mohamed F. Ali ◽  
Hamed M. Gaafar ◽  
Taha S. Al-Sakka ◽  
Salama M. Aboelenin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Beet Pulp

Thirty multiparous lactating Holstein cows with an average live body weight of 642 ± 21 kg and an average daily milk yield of 30.46 ± 0.59 kg were used in this study. Cows with parities of 2 and 4 were used following their peak period, and were divided into three groups, with ten cows in each group. The control group was fed yellow corn grain rations (YCG), while for the 2nd and 3rd groups, 25 and 50% of YCG was replaced with dry sugar beet pulp (DSBP), denoted as DSBP25 and DSBP50, respectively. The contents of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, and fiber carbohydrate in the experimental rations tended to decrease; however, crude protein, crude fiber, ash, and fiber fractions tended to increase in the DSBP25 and DSBP50 groups. Only crude fiber digestibility increased (p < 0.05) in the DSBP rations. Rumen pH value and concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) decreased, while the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) increased in the DSBP25 and DSBP50 groups. The concentrations of total protein and globulin in blood plasma were higher (p < 0.05) in DSBP25 and DSBP50 than in YCG. However, plasma albumin concentration, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were lower (p < 0.05) in DSBP50 than in YCG. Milk yield and yield of 4% fat-corrected milk (4% FCM) were higher (p < 0.05) in DSBP25 and DSBP50 than in YCG. Fat, protein, solids not fat (SNF), and total solids (TS) contents in milk increased significantly (p < 0.05) for feeding rations containing DSBP. Feed cost was reduced, but the output of milk yield increased with DSBP. In conclusion, introducing DSBP into the rations of Holstein dairy cows led to significant improvements in their productive performance.

Zootechnical and economic evaluation of the use of energy additives in the rations of highly productive cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
I. Mikolaychik ◽  
L. Morozova ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
E. Bulygina
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Experimental Group

In order to compensate for the lack of energy in the ration of lactating cows, optimize carbohydrate metabolism and maintain health, specialized feed additives are often used, which include components that make up for or stimulate metabolic processes during metabolism, which reduces the accumulation of ketone bodies. The researches have been carried out in CJSC Glinki in the Kurgan region (Russia). The cows of Black-and-White breed were as the object of research. The purpose of the research was to provide practical justifi cation for the use of modern energy additives in the rations of highly productive cows during the period of increasing the milk yield. It has been found in the course of the conducted research that the cows of the 1st experimental group received in addition to the main ration the energy feed additive Enermix plus in the amount of 250 g/head/day milk yield of natural fat content was highest and exceeded by 273,42 kg or 7,59 % (P < 0,05) of the control group’s herdmates. It has been found in terms of milk at 4 % fat content that for 100 days of lactation 3915,03 kg of milk has been received from cows of the 1st experimental group, which was by 332,55 kg or 9,28 % (P < 0,05) more than from analogues of the control group. At the same time, the yield of milk fat in the milk of cows of the 1st experimental group was 157,67 kg, which was more than the same indicator of cows of the control group by 14,88 kg or 10,42 % (P < 0,05). It has been found that additional feeding of highly productive cows of Black-and-White breed of energy feed additive of domestic production Enermix plus in the dose of 250 g/head/day increases the level of their milk productivity and has a positive infl uence on the composition of milk and economic indicators of production.

A note on the effect of supplementation of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae plus growth medium) in the diet of buffaloes on milk yield and composition

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Kumar ◽  
V. K. Sareen ◽  
S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Effect of live yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae plus growth medium) inclusion in the diet of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) on milk yield and its composition was examined. Twenty buffaloes (Murrah breed) having an average daily milk yield of 8 to 10 I and in their early lactation stage were divided into two equal groups. The control group was given a basal production diet consisting of 35 to 40 kg green berseem and concentrate mixture (0·5 kg/kg milk produced) per day per animal and the yeast supplemented group the above diet supplemented with 10 g yeast culture (YC, 5 × 109 c.f.u. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 1026 per g). The feeding continued for 10 weeks and during this period milk samples collected at weekly intervals and milk yield recorded daily. During this period, average daily milk yield was increased by proportionately 0·135 and fat-corrected milk yield by 0·185 by inclusion of YC. Fat, protein, lactose and total solids in milk increased proportionately by 0·039, 0·051, 0·030 and 0·034 respectively. The corresponding proportional increases in the quantity of these constituents secreted in milk (kg/day) were 0·237, 0·200, 0·200 and 0·204.

The effects of dietary palmitic and stearic acids on milk yield and composition in the cow

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Dietary Treatments

SummaryThe effects of the isocaloric replacement of starch in the concentrate by either 5 or 10% ‘stearic acid’ (85% pure) or by 10% ‘palmitic acid’ (85% pure) on the yield and composition of milk were investigated in a feeding experiment with 12 cows in mid-lactation. The concentrate mixtures were given with a high-roughage diet that supplied 4.4 kg of hay and 2·7kg of sugar-beet pulp/day.The inclusion of 5% ‘stearic acid’ in the concentrate mixture resulted in increases in the yields of milk, milk fat, solids-not-fat (SNF) and lactose and a reduction in the content of protein in the milk, whereas, when the level of ‘stearic acid’ in the concentrate was increased to 10%, there was an increase in only the yield of milk and a reduction in the contents but not in the yields of SNF and protein in the milk. The inclusion of 10% ‘palmitic acid’ in the concentrate mixture also reduced the contents of SNF and protein in the milk but produced increases in the yields of milk, milk fat and lactose and also in the content of fat in the milk.None of the dietary treatments resulted in any changes in the concentration of blood glucose.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Study Model Analysis: Clefts of the Secondary Palate

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mccance ◽  
David Roberts-Harry ◽  
Martyn Sherriff ◽  
Michael Mars ◽  
William J.B. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
And Control

The study models of a group of adult Sri Lankan patients with clefts of the secondary palate were investigated. Tooth-size and arch-dimension comparisons were made with a comparable control group. Significant differences were found between the cleft and control groups in tooth sizes, chord lengths, and arch widths. The cleft group dimensions were generally smaller than those of the control group. Overjets were larger in the cleft group.

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