scholarly journals Potato yield and quality as a function of the plant density

1975 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
Eero Varis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Number Of Stems

The effects of potato plant density on yield quantity and quality were investigated at the Hankkija Plant Breeding Institute from 1971-73, using seed rates of 1600, 3200 and 4800 kg/ha, and seed sizes of 40, 80 and 120 g. The varieties used were Ijsselster and Record. The number of stems per m2 rose with increasing seed rate and with increasing seed size. Stem number increased with seed rate faster for small seed than for large. The response in stem number was greater for Ijsselster than for Record. The number of stems per seed tuber fell as the plant density rose. The number of tubers per m2 altered in the same direction as the number of stems, but less responsively. The reason for this was that the number of tubers per stem decreased with increasing plant density. The tuber yield showed a continual increase with increasing plant density. At the lowest stem densities (less than 20—25 stems/m2) small seed gave better results than other sizes, but at the higher plant densities, the importance of seed size faded away and the yield was dependant on the plant density alone. Net yield (gross yield 2 x seed rate), however, was higher the smaller the seed used, whatever the stem density. Tuber size decreased when plant density increased, the proportion of large tubers diminishing most, especially when small seed was used. The proportion of small tubers altered more for Ijsselster than for Record. Seed size and seed rate did not on average significantly affect the proportion of Class I potatoes, though small seed gave results slightly better than other sizes. The starch content of the yield rose when the seed rate was increased (16.0-16.3 -16.5 %) and fell with increasing seed size (16.5 16.2 16.1 %). The maximum variation was 15.8-16.7 %. The specific gravity distribution improved with increasing plant density. Raw discolouration of the tubers did not alter significantly as the plant density rose. Blackening of the tubers decreased with increasing plant density when small and medium sized seed were used. Mealiness of the tubers was somewhat higher for small seed than for other seed sizes.

Optimizing seed rate and stem density for seed potato production

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Sekhon ◽  
M. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Seed Potato Production ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Number Of Stems

Previous investigations (e.g. Bates, 1935; Singh, 1952; Bremner & Taha, 1966; Sharpe & Dent, 1968) established that increase in the size of potato seed planted and decrease in inter-sett spaoing increased the number of stems and of tubers, resulting in yield advantage generally, but reduced tuber size in the produce. The use of large seed and of close spacing are, therefore, generally preferred for growing a seed crop. However, their use involves higher seed rates, especially when the two are combined. At high seed rates the improvement in yield with increased seed rate may not be commensurate with the extra investment in seed, beoause of the associated increase in inter-sprout and inter-tuber competition. The severity of the competition may be intensified when some factor, for example water, limits tuber growth (Singh, 1952). As the number of stems is not a simple multiple of seed weight, because of the phenomenon of ‘apical dominance’ in potato tubers, it may be desirable to plant small seed or ‘chats’ closely, without increasing seed rate unduly, to optimize stem density without sacrificing net yield (total yield –seed planted). To investigate this, a seed size and spacing experiment was conducted under irrigated conditions in the autumn crop season.

scholarly journals The effects of tuber size and chitting method on the growth and yield of Amyla and Barima potatoes

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-318
Author(s):  
Eero Varis
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Stems

The effects of two seed tuber sizes on the growth and the yield of the potato when using various methods of chitting were studied in 1963—66. The cultivars used were Amyla and Barima. The variations affected by seed size were not directly proportional to the seed weight. From small seed the early development of the haulms was slower, the number of stems smaller, the weight of the haulms and roots smaller. The number of tubers per hill was lower but the number of tubers per stem higher. Average yield per seed tuber was 16 per cent smaller. Small seed produced a slightly higher starch content and a lower percentage of blight infected tubers. Plants from large seed tubers developed faster and the weight of their haulms and roots declined more in the autumn. In the early liftings also the tuber yield per hill was distinctly larger than from small seed, but in the case of the earlier cultivar Barima the difference was fully levelled out by the autumn. Chitting made the early growth faster, decreased the number of stems, reduced the weight of the haulms and roots and decreased the number of tubers per hill. The average increases of yield and starch content were not significant but were dependent on cultivar and lifting time. When chitting was employed the amount of large tubers increased and scab infection decreased. In many respects Amyla and Barima reacted differently both to seed tuber size and to chitting.

scholarly journals Yield and size distribution of potatoes as influenced by seed rate.

1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Reestman ◽  
C.T. De Wit
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
Number Of Stems

Five spacing experiments were carried out in 1957 and '58 with seed potatoes, var. Alpha, measuring 25-28 mm, 35-45 mm and 45-60 mm, planted at 400, 600, 800, 1000 or 1200 tubers/ha in rows 60 cm apart and harvested on 7 dates between 29 July and 16 Oct. There was a positive correlation, within experiments, between the number of stems produced per tuber at wide spacings and the surface area of the skin of the tubers, both where whole tubers and cut setts were used. There was a linear relationship between the reciprocal of the yield and the reciprocal of the seed rate where both were expressed in m2 of skin surface/are. [See Fld Crop Abstr. 12: 1525 and 13: 777.] Where the reciprocal of the yield for each sett size was averaged for all 5 experiments and plotted against the reciprocal of the seed rate, it was shown that the use of large seed depressed yields; this was considered to be due to the less regular distribution of haulms in the row where the large seed was used. Seed size had little influence on grading. Rows 60 cm apart were considered too widely spaced for maximum production.-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Productivity and nutritive parameters of fodder maize under varying plant density and fertility levels for improved animal productivity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Magan Singh ◽  
S. K. Tomar ◽  
B. S. Meena ◽  
D. K. Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield

Nutritive quality parameters of forages are largely affected by management at farm level. Therefore, a field investigation was carried out during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2014 and 2015 at Forage Research and Management Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal to evaluate the effect of different planting densities and fertility levels on growth, yield and nutritive quality of fodder maize.Treatment consisted of three planting densities using seed rates of 60,75 and 90 kg/ha in main plot and six fertility levels in subplots (0,50,75,100,125 and 150% of recommended dose of fertilizer. Results of two year study indicated that at low plant density (60 kg/ha seed rate) response to applied fertilizer was significant up to 125 % RDF, while at higher plant density response was only up to 75% RDF. Therefore, plant density (60 kg/ha seed rate) and fertility level (125% RDF i.e. 150 kg N/ha and 60 kg P2O5/ha) should be used to obtain maximum green fodder yield with good quality.

Effects of date of planting, date of harvesting and seed rate on yield of seed potato crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O'Brien ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Potato Crops

SUMMARYFourteen experiments which studied effects of date of planting in July, date of harvesting and seed rate on seed tuber yields (10–51 mm) of several potato varieties were carried out in four seasons in East Anglia. Seed tuber yields of c. 30 t/ha in Estima, Wilja and Maris Piper and 20 t/ha in Record were produced from the early planting and in all varieties c. 20 t/ha were produced from planting in late July. For maximum seed yield in all varieties, seed rates of 1·5–2 t/ha were sufficient for most harvests from both dates of planting but for the earliest harvest of the late-July planting, seed rates of only 1–1·5 t/ha were required. The value of seed crops was assessed as the number of ware hectares that could be replanted from the seed yield of one hectare graded 10–51 mm. In all varieties, the number of seed-size tubers and replantable hectares increased with increasing seed rate over most of the range, but numbers were close to the maximum at the early harvests. With delay in harvesting, the number of seed tubers and replantable hectares decreased in many experiments, especially from low seed rates, as more tubers exceeded the upper seed size limit. Maximum numbers of replantable hectares of 15, 15, 20 and 25 were found in Record, Estima, Wilja and Maris Piper, respectively.The monetary value of seed crops of Record and Maris Piper was calculated using (i) a fixed price per tonne of seed and (ii) cost of seed per replantable ware hectare. Sale values from the latter were substantially higher than from the former at early harvests in Record and at all harvests in Maris Piper. In Record, differences in sale value between the two pricing methods decreased with delay in harvesting as yields increased while number of replantable hectares varied little. The results showed that high multiplication rates and monetary returns can be obtained from short-season seed potato crops which may follow crops harvested earlier in the same season. The implications for potato production in the UK are discussed.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ПОПЕРЕДНИКІВ І ФУНГІЦИДУ АБАКУС НА ПОШИРЕННЯ ХВОРОБ ТА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ЖИТА ПОСІВНОГО (SECALE CEREALE L.) В УМОВАХ ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
O. B. Kononchuk ◽  
S. V. Pyda ◽  
A. I. Herts ◽  
N. V. Herts ◽  
O. B. Matsiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Biological Yield

The article studies the value of beans and soybeans as precursors of winter sowing rye, and the effectiveness of the Abacus fungicide to reduce the spread of crop diseases in soil and climatic conditions of the Ternopil region. The research proves that the pesticide reduces the spread of powdery mildew by 2.7 and 3.0 %, brown rust by 2.9 and 3.2 %, leaf septoria by 6.0, and by 7.1 % in the sowing of rye Kharkiv 98. It shows high technical efficiency of application against the stated above diseases, in particular, 50.2 and 58.7 %, 49.2 and 46.9 %, 69.5 and 70.5 % respectively. The use of Abacus significantly increases the grain productivity of rye, which is sown after soybeans (by 2.06 t/ha), compared to the predecessor of beans (1.66 t/ha). This increase in rye grain yield growth after the soybean precursor due to the fungicide is associated with a significant formation of plant density by 26.9 %, total by 36.1 %, and productive by 21.1 %, an increase in quantity (by 13.4 %) and the grains mass in the rye ears (by 19.1 %) and the higher increase in the biological yield of aboveground mass by 38.4 % for the predecessor of soybeans, compared with the growth of these indicators by 2.8, 25.3, 18.6, 4.6, 9.5, 30.4 % accordingly, sowing rye after beans. Despite the higher efficiency of the Abacus fungicide in sowing rye after soybean, for its productivity, a more important factor for crop formation was the predecessor, beans, which indicates a higher grain yield compared to the soybeans predecessor, as well as using the Abacus fungicide by 0.46 t/ha, and also in the absence of chemical protection by 0.86 t/ha. Analysis of the elements of productivity showed that the higher value of beans as rye precursor, compared with soybeans, is realized, regardless of the use of pesticides, due to higher plant density by 41.6–74.8 %, total stem density by 21.7–32.2 %, and productive stems density by 17.5–20.0 %, as well as the increase of plant height by 3.1–8.8 %, which led to the increase in total biological yield by 38.2–46.6 % and its component, masses of straw, by 49.0–56.1 %. Measurement of rye ears length, counting the number of spikelets and grains in the inflorescences revealed a slight effect of predecessors on these indicators. Significant increase in vegetative mass of rye after the predecessor of beans and limited influence of both predecessors on the generative sphere of plants led to the decrease in grain yield in crops by 6.1–7.5 % compared to plants sown after soybeans, regardless of fungicide. Given the higher value of beans compared to soybeans as precursors of rye in its productivity and lack of significant impact on spread of disease, as well as the high efficiency of the Abacus fungicide, it is recommended sewing rye after beans in crop rotation and use pesticides as a tool efficient in crop cultivation in local soil and climatic conditions.

Effects of seed size and spacing of seed tubers and stems on yields of early and canning potatoes

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
J. M. Proctor ◽  
A. Smartt
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Number Of Stems

SummaryAn experiment comparing most combinations of six seed sizes and four spacings between seeds to give a range of common seed rates, was repeated for 3 years with the eultivar Ulster Prince. For the earliest harvest, total yield was reasonably related to seed rate, but for subsequent harvests the yield response was more closely related to number of stems; this pattern was more pronounced in yields of the canning grade.

Effects of seed crop husbandry, seed source, seed tuber weight and seed rate on the growth of ware potato crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O'Brien ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Seed Crops

SUMMARYThe results of 20 experiments which compared seed from July-planted crops with seed from earlier planted (April-May) crops either grown locally or from certified seed-producing areas are reported. The effects of dates of planting and harvesting of late-planted seed crops and seed storage temperature were examined in eight experiments. In five experiments, the effect of seed rate was studied on two weights of seed-tubers in the July-planted crops.Tubers of several cultivars from the July-planted crops ended their dormancy close to the normal planting time of ware crops, 2–4 months later than tubers from spring-planted crops grown either locally or in areas certified for seed production. Tubers from seed crops planted in July produced fewer mainstems in ware crops than tubers from spring-planted crops, but effects on stem density were usually too small to have any significant effect on foliar ground cover and consequently on tuber yield. Date of planting the seed crops in July and date of harvest of the seed-tubers had no effect on sprout or ware crop growth in Record or Wilja. Ware tuber yields were similar for the different seed sources in 12 out of 15 experiments, suggesting little difference in the performance of tubers from seed crops planted early and late in the season.At equivalent seed rates, small seed-tubers (12·5 ± 2·5 g) from July-planted seed crops usually produced more stems and tubers and greater ware yields than larger tubers (37·5 ± 2·5 g). For the smaller seed, the results suggested optimum seed rates for ware tuber yields of c. 0·88, 0·88 and 0·59 t/ha for Wilja, Record and Saturna, respectively. These are substantially lower than those currently used in the UK. For the larger seed, rates of c. 2·64, 2·64 and 1·76 t/ha were adequate for Wilja, Record and Saturna, respectively.

Relationships between the number of stems produced by a potato seed tuber and its weight

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr ◽  
G. E. L. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Unit Weight ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Number Of Stems

SUMMARYThe relationships between the number of stems per tuber and tuber characters measured before planting were studied using a wide range of tuber weights of the varieties Désirée and Maris Piper. The effects of the storage temperature of the seed tubers and the site of growth on these relationships were then investigated over 3 years.Linear relationships between the numbers of stems per tuber and tuber weight accounted for more of the variation in numbers of stems than linear relationships established using tuber shape or sprout measurements. The linear relationships had positive slopes and intercepts, showing that small seed tubers produce more stems per unit weight than large seed tubers. There was little evidence of non-linear effects.On average over all treatments, using ten plant samples, single linear relationships between above-ground stems and tuber weight accounted for 64 % of the variation in above-ground stems with D6sire'e and 58 % with Maris Piper. When separate regression lines were fitted for each treatment the best models in each variety accounted for about 86 % of the variation in above-ground stems. The best model with Désirée had parallel lines showing that the advantage, in terms of stem production, of small seed over large seed increases in environments favouring stem development. The relationships for each treatment are used to show how the stem density established can vary when planting tubers at the recommended spacing.Seed tubers of comparable weight, planted at different sites, gave different numbers of stems suggesting that the optimum spacing may vary from one site to another.It is suggested that breeding varieties for yield stability might be aided by selectingfor low variation in the relationship between the number of stems per tuber and tuber weight.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document