scholarly journals Heterosis in red clover

1963 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Manner
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Better Than

The possibilities of utilizing heterosis in reciprocal and separate bulk crosses and through selection parallel with bulk crossing in red clover are discussed. The reciprocal bulk crosses have not reached the average green matter performance of the pure strains in the crosses. The performance in the second harvest year was on an average not as good as in the first harvest year. On an average, the separate bulk crosses have given higher green matter yields than both the mothers and the parental means. The yield performance was better relatively in the first harvest year than in the second harvest year in comparison with the mothers and with the parental means. If the bulk crosses are performed on plants selected for persistence the green matter yields have on an average been relatively higher than in other bulk crosses. The yields in the second harvest year have been comparatively better than in the first harvest year.

INFLUENCE OF TIME OF SEEDING ON ESTABLISHMENT AND PERSISTENCE OF SPECIES, AND YIELD OF FORAGE MIXTURES

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Langille ◽  
F. S. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
The Third ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Seed Mixture ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Point Quadrat ◽  
Forage Mixtures ◽  
Better Than

Satisfactory results were obtained from seeding forage mixtures at any of four dates at successive 2-week intervals between the end of May and July 15. For each of the four subsequent seeding dates substantial yield reductions occurred. The loss in yield between the fourth and the eighth seeding date averaged 45, 25, and 15% for the first, second, and third harvest years respectively for a seed mixture including timothy, alfalfa, red clover, and alsike. Corresponding yield reductions for a mixture of bromegrass, alfalfa, and ladino clover were 75, 25, and 15%. In each case the loss in the third year amounted to.65 tons of dry matter per acre. Legume establishment and contribution were greatly reduced at the later seeding dates as indicated by inclined point quadrat surveys. Timothy performed somewhat better than did bromegrass at the later planting dates and both responded better than legumes to delayed planting. Weed and bare ground amounts were greater with each successive planting date. By the end of the third harvest year species composition differences attributable to planting date were practically eliminated.

Explaining contradictory evidence regarding impacts of genetically modified crops in developing countries. Varietal performance of transgenic cotton in India

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BENNETT ◽  
Y. ISMAEL ◽  
S. MORSE
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Contradictory Evidence ◽  
Bt Gene ◽  
Better Than

A study of the commercial growing of different varieties of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton compares the performance of growing official and unofficial hybrid varieties of Bt cotton and conventional (non-Bt) hybrids in Gujarat by 622 farmers. Results suggest that the official Bt varieties (MECH 12 and MECH 162) significantly outperform the unofficial varieties. However, unofficial, locally produced Bt hybrids can also perform significantly better than non-Bt hybrids, although second generation (F2) Bt seed appears to have no yield advantage compared to non-Bt hybrids but can save on insecticide use. Although hybrid vigour is reduced, or even lost, with F2 seed the Bt gene still confers some advantage. The F2 seed is regarded as ‘GM’ by the farmers (and is sold as such), even though its yield performance is little better than the non-GM hybrids. The results help to explain why there is so much confusion arising from GM cotton release in India.

Yield Performance and Content of Selected Organic Compounds in Trifolium pratense Treated with Various Biostimulants against the Background of Nitrogen Fertilisation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Godlewska ◽  
G. A. Ciepiela
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Nitrogen Application Rate

The present work is an attempt to assess the effect of biostimulants of various origins and nitrogen regime on yield performance, chlorophyll content, protein content and soluble carbohydrate in red clover. A field experiment was arranged as a randomized subblock design (split-plot) in Poland in August 2013. The following factors were examined: type of biostimulant; nitrogen application rate: 0 (control) and 30 kg. ha-1. Biostimulants significantly increased red clover biomass yields. All the examined biostimulants contributed to an increase in the amount of organic components in red clover dry matter. Nitrogen applied at the rate of 30 kg. ha-1 significantly increased red clover yield, chlorophyll content in red clover leaves and protein compounds but it also significantly reduced soluble carbohydrates in the dry matter of test plants.

scholarly journals Optimal Planting Date of Kernza Intermediate Wheatgrass Intercropped with Red Clover

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2227
Author(s):  
Oluwakorede Olugbenle ◽  
Priscila Pinto ◽  
Valentin D. Picasso
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Harvest Year

Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a new perennial dual-use crop for grain and forage with growing interest among farmers. Intercropping IWG with red clover may increase yield and nutritive value through nitrogen transfer. IWG and red clover planting timing can affect grain and forage yield, and there has not been previous research on this management practice. At two locations (Arlington and Lancaster, WI, USA) a factorial experiment was established two years with two factors: (1) IWG planting date (August through October, and April) and (2) red clover planting season (in the fall with IWG or frost seeded in the next spring). Yield data were collected for two subsequent years. Grain yield was maximized at 515 kg ha−1 and 423 kg ha−1 at Arlington and Lancaster when planted by 26 August and 13 September, respectively. Planting date influenced grain yields in the first harvest year but not in the second. Seeding red clover in the spring increased IWG and red clover biomass compared to seeding it in the fall. In Wisconsin, planting IWG by early September at the latest and planting red clover in the spring is recommended to maximize grain yield.

Effect of various seeding techniques on productivity, nutritional and energy values of festulolium mixtures with legumes in the Kaluga region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Лукашов ◽  
А. Исаков
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Better Than

Полевые исследования по изучению влияния черезрядного и смешанного способов посева двойных травосмесей фестулолиума с клевером луговым, люцерной изменчивой и козлятником восточным на продуктивность, питательную и энергетическую ценность корма проведены в 20152018 годах на серых лесных почвах Калужской области. Почва опытного участка серая лесная среднесуглинистая, содержание гумуса 2,8, рН 5,8, валовое содержание азота 0,12, подвижного фосфора 135 мг/кг, обменного калия 100 мг/кг почвы. Способ посева бобовых трав и фестулолиума в двойных травосмесях не оказал существенного влияния на урожайность зелёной массы и сухого вещества. В среднем за 3 года наибольший урожай зелёной массы и сухого вещества получен при посеве смеси фестулолиума и люцерны изменчивой: при черезрядном способе посева он составил соответственно 43,5 и 9,2 т/га, при смешанном посеве 43,9 и 9,3 т/га. Травосмесь с участием козлятника восточного по продуктивности уступала другим вариантам, что объясняется медленным развитием козлятника в первые годы жизни. При черезрядном посеве доля его участия в первый год пользования составляла 30, во второй 40, в третий 59. Клевер луговой имел наибольшую долю участия в травосмесях по сравнению с другими бобовыми: 5557 при черезрядном посеве и 5658 при смешанном посеве. Его присутствие снижалось в смесях во второй год пользования. Клевер луговой сорта Делец отличался более интенсивным развитием и бльшим участием в травосмесях по сравнению с сортом Орловский. Люцерна изменчивая сорта Сарга, начиная с первого года пользования, активно внедрялась в травостой смеси и доминировала в нём во второй и третий годы пользования. Способ посева компонентов в изучаемых травосмесях незначительно влиял на сбор обменной энергии и сырого протеина. Наибольший сбор обменной энергии в сумме за два укоса был получен в травосмеси фестулолиума с люцерной изменчивой: 90,0 ГДж/га при смешанном посеве и 1,71 т/га сырого протеина при черезрядном способе посева. Field trials took place in the Kaluga region in 20152018. The investigation tested productivity, nutritional and energy values of festulolium swards combined with red clover, bastard alfalfa or eastern goats rue as affected by skip-row and mixed seeding patterns. Seeding pattern had no significant influence on green and dry mass (DM) productivity. Festulolium and alfalfa yielded the best for 3 years. Green and dry mass yields amounted to 43.5 and 9.2 t ha-1 under skip-row seeding and 43.9 and 9.3 t ha-1 in mixtures, respectively. Eastern goats rue mixtures had the lowest yield due to slow development in the first years. Eastern goats rue proportion reached 30, 40 and 59 in the first, second and third years, respectively, under skip-row planting patterns. Red clover was more abundant in mixtures compared to other legumes: 5557 under skip-row sowing and 5658 in mixtures. Its proportion dropped down in the second year. Red clover Delets developed faster and better than Orlovskiy in mixtures. Alfalfa Sarga dominated in mixtures in the second and third years. Seeding pattern insignificantly affected exchange energy and crude protein yields. Festulolium-alfalfa mixture had the highest exchange energy content (90.0 GJ ha-1) for two cuts. Under skip-row seeding they produced 1.71 t ha-1 of crude protein.

Establishment studies VI. The effect of method of establishment on long-term leys in the first harvest

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
A. H. Charles
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Harvest Year

1. The method of establishment markedly affected the yield of red clover in the first harvest year, the highest yield being obtained when a cover crop was used, in the absence of which red clover yield was reduced by frequent grazing during establishment. White clover made little growth in the first harvest year; the yield was best without a cover crop under frequent grazing during establishment.2. Nitrogen applied in the seed bed did not affect the growth of red clover in the first harvest year, but depressed the white clover under infrequent defoliation without a cover crop. There was no significant effect under the other management.3. The total yield of red and white clovers was lower, when sown with the rapidly establishing ryegrass or ryegrass-dominant general-purpose mixtures, than with cocksfoot or timothy mixtures. Weed growth, although not prominent, was far greater in the timothy and cocksfoot swards than in those based on ryegrass.4. A close parallel existed between the growth of red clover and the dry matter and yield of crude protein. The highest figures were recorded when management during establishment had favoured the growth of the red clover.5. Nitrogen applied in the seed bed reduced the percentage of crude protein in all mixtures in the spring and autumn grazings, and in the hay crop of the first harvest year. Management which encouraged the growth of red clover increased the crude protein percentage of herbage in the spring and autumn, but depressed it in the aftermath cut.6. A number of interactions occurred when the relative yields of dry matter and crude protein of mixtures in the first harvest year were modified by treatments applied during establishment. There are significant indications that the method of establishment is a factor to be considered in evaluating various mixtures.

A comparison of cytoplasmic and chemically-induced male sterility systems for hybrid performance in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adugna ◽  
A. Adugna ◽  
G. S. Nanda ◽  
G. S. Nanda ◽  
N. S. Bains ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Hybrid Performance ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
B Lines ◽  
Better Than

Cytoplasmic ( Triticum timopheevii -based) and chemically induced (CH9832- based) male sterility systems were compared for hybrid performance in wheat. A total of 40 genotypes including 10 CMS-based hybrids, 10 CHA-based hybrids, 10 B lines and 10 R lines were included in the experiment. analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the genotypes for all the characters studied. Differences between the hybrids and their parents were significant for all the characters. There were also significant differences between the hybrids resulting from the two systems of sterility. This study of 10 comparable hybrids showed, on average, midparent heterosis of 30.2 and 7.3% for CMS- and CHA-derived hybrids, respectively. Generally, the CMS-based hybrids were superior to their CHA-based equivalents for grain yield performance. In spite of the incomplete fertility the higher grain yield in CMS-based hybrids was attributed to the profuse tillering and high thousand-grain weight. On the other hand, the CHA-based hybrids had lower yield performance due to the lower thousand-grain weight and tillering. The lower grain weight and tillering in these hybrids compared with their CMS-based equivalents might be due to the toxic effect of the CHA, which was carried over to the hybrid and affected vigour. As a whole the CMS system was found to be better than the CHA system (based on the particular CHA used in this study) for hybrid performance in wheat.

Four-year leys: the inclusion of red clover: first year management

1939 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
F. H. Garner ◽  
H. G. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Summer Grazing

1. Two experiments have been carried out on the Cambridge University Farm to test the desirability of including late-flowering red clover in the seeds mixture in the case of a 4-year ley, and to compare grazing with cutting for hay in the first harvest year.2. The majority of the red clover survived for the first 2 years, during which it increased the yield of dry matter very markedly; it did not lead to any reduction of yield in the last 2 years. By producing an early cover of the ground red clover checked the encroachment of weeds; although it reduced the proportion of wild white clover in the herbage in the later years, the reduction was not serious.3. Where the young plants were well established at the time, and normal weather conditions were experienced, grazing was definitely preferable to cutting for hay during the first harvest year. Where the plants were slow in establishing themselves, and in a superlatively dry spring and summer, grazing checked the development of the sward too much, and cutting for hay gave much better results.

AC Kingston red clover

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
B. R. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Diploid Cultivar ◽  
Harvest Year

AC Kingston red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a diploid cultivar of the double-cut type developed by mass selection at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Charlottetown, PEL It is similar to Florex in maturity, but is superior in forage yield in the second harvest year. It was selected for persistence under field conditions. Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense L., persistence, cultivar description

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