scholarly journals Occurrence and disappearance of parathion and malathion residues in vegetables and fruits

1959 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-302
Author(s):  
Pekka Koivistoinen ◽  
Paavo Roine ◽  
Kirsti Jokela
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Alcohol Mixture ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Extracting Solvent ◽  
Water Alcohol

Disappearance of parathion and malathion residues in 9 different kinds of fruits and vegetables (pea, cucumber, lettuce, strawberry, black currant, apple, stringbean broccoli and spinach) sprayed about two weeks before the normal harvest was investigated. In addition, experiments were made on the effects of 3 different conserving processes upon the residues on black currant as well as on the persistence of the residues in conserves and frozen products during storage. The determination of parathion was carried out by a modification of the method of AVERELL and NORRIS, using a benzene-water-alcohol mixture and increased acidity in the reduction. The malathion was determined by the method of NORRIS et al. with the modification of benzene used as the extracting solvent instead of carbon tetrachloride. The procedures for the determination of total residues in plants are described in detail. The initial deposits of parathion varied from 0.49 to 14.60 ppm and those of malathion from less than 0.5 to 49.8 ppm, depending on the plant species. The half-life of the residues was 1—3 and 1—2 days, respectively. The most persistent residues were found in black currant; in these berries malathion could be determined qualitatively 28 days and parathion at least 43 days after spraying. Very small residues were found in the steam-juice prepared from black currants. In the preparation of two kinds of jam, 30 and 54 % of the parathion and 54 and 71 % of the malathion were destroyed. Both of the pesticides were very stable in black currant conserves as well as in frozen products for a period of at least 6 months.

scholarly journals Determination of Imidacloprid and Benzimidazole Residues in Fruits and Vegetables by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry after Ethyl Acetate Multiresidue Extraction

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 748-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadeo R Fernández-Alba ◽  
Ana Tejedor ◽  
Ana Agüera ◽  
Mariano Contreras ◽  
Juan Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Abstract A simple and sensitive method based on liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure ionization–mass spectrometry is described for the determination of 4 benzimidazole pesticides (carbendazim, thiabendazole, benomyl, and thiophanate-methyl) and imidacloprid in vegetables and fruits. Food samples were typically extracted with ethyl acetate to draw the analytes into the organic phase. No cleanup step was necessary before injection into the liquid chromatographic (LC) system with electrospray mass spectrometric detection. The analytes were separated on a reversed-phase C8LC column. Limits of detection for the compounds were in the μg/L range. Results are reported for validation studies with fortified pear and tomato samples and for residues of the target compounds found in the pesticide residue monitoring program during 1998.

scholarly journals Determination and Extraction of Acetamiprid Residues in Fruits and Vegetables

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allah Nawaz ◽  
Abid Niaz ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Syed Shahid Hussain Shah ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq Asi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Extracting Solvent

<p align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">  <span style="font-size: medium;">Vegetables (chilies, tomato, cauliflower and cucumber) and fruits (mango and apple) samples were spiked with known quantity (0.50 mg kg-1) of acetamiprid reference standard for testing the retrieval percentage of acetamiprid residue in those vegetables and fruits. The efficiency of different extracting (ethyl acetate and dichloromethane + acetone 8:2) and eluting (ethyl acetate and dichloromethane + acetone 8:2) solvents and adsorbents (activated charcoal and florisil) for clean up purpose was calculated using HPLC. Amongst the extracting solvents ethyl-acetate was observed an effective extracting solvent alone which produced maximum 90-96%  </span><span style="font-size: medium;">recovery for acetamiprid residues while among the eluting solvents a combination of dichloromethane and acetone ( ratio 8:2) produced superior recoveries i.e. 87-95%. Similarly, between the adsorbents used for clean up purpose activated charcoal and florisil in tandem (first from charcoal and then through florisil) yielded recoveries 82-90 % whereas adsorbents used alone in form of activated florisil and charcoal recovered only 70 to 78 % and 71 to 73% acetamiprid residues, respectively in all vegetables and fruits.</span></span></p>

Determination of Imidacloprid, Carbendazim and Thiabendazole Residues in Vegetables and Fruits by HPLC

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1392-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Lin ◽  
Zheng Peng ◽  
Chun Liang Yang ◽  
Ming Yue Wang ◽  
Yu Bing Zha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction Cartridge ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Concentration Levels

The aim of this work was to establish a method that the residues of imidacloprid,carben-dazim and thiabendazole in fruits and vegetables were determined by HPLC.Acetonitrile was edded in the sample for extraction solvent, and using sodium chloride for absorbing water of the sample,then purified by NH2 solid phase extraction cartridge, the sample was detected by HPLC.Under the selected conditions,the detection limits of imidacloprid, carbendazim, thiabendazole were 0.002 mg/kg,0.003 mg/kg and 0.003 mg/kg respectively.Tests for recovery were made by addition of three pesticidess standards at three different concentration levels (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) to the blank sample.The mean recovery rates of imidacloprid, carbendazimand thiabendazole were87.0%~99.2%,82.0%~96.0% and 80.0%~95.0% respectively , and the relative standard deviations were 0.52%~6.80%.The sensitivity, accuracy and precision of this method were able to meet the requirements for pesticide residue analysis.

scholarly journals Determination and Extraction of Acetamiprid Residues in Fruits and Vegetables

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Allah Nawaz ◽  
Abid Niaz ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Syed Shahid Hussain Shah ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq Asi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Extracting Solvent

<p align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">  <span style="font-size: medium;">Vegetables (chilies, tomato, cauliflower and cucumber) and fruits (mango and apple) samples were spiked with known quantity (0.50 mg kg-1) of acetamiprid reference standard for testing the retrieval percentage of acetamiprid residue in those vegetables and fruits. The efficiency of different extracting (ethyl acetate and dichloromethane + acetone 8:2) and eluting (ethyl acetate and dichloromethane + acetone 8:2) solvents and adsorbents (activated charcoal and florisil) for clean up purpose was calculated using HPLC. Amongst the extracting solvents ethyl-acetate was observed an effective extracting solvent alone which produced maximum 90-96%  </span><span style="font-size: medium;">recovery for acetamiprid residues while among the eluting solvents a combination of dichloromethane and acetone ( ratio 8:2) produced superior recoveries i.e. 87-95%. Similarly, between the adsorbents used for clean up purpose activated charcoal and florisil in tandem (first from charcoal and then through florisil) yielded recoveries 82-90 % whereas adsorbents used alone in form of activated florisil and charcoal recovered only 70 to 78 % and 71 to 73% acetamiprid residues, respectively in all vegetables and fruits.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of spherical food product at different air velocities and radial positions during forced convection cooling

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 574-582
Author(s):  
Taliv Hussain ◽  
◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Ashad Ahmad ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Convection Cooling ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Using pre-cooling technique, food products of perishable nature are desired to be conserved from spoiling. Fruits and vegetables and are suggested to be precooled just after harvesting to avoid any food decay. The precooling enhance their storage life and keeps up quality of vegetables and fruits. Thus, an experimental analysis has been carried out to study temperature variation of spherical food product, i.e. mosambi, during the precooling process. In the current study, the effect of three different air velocities, i.e. 4.3, 4.8 and 5.0 m/s, during precooling of spherical food product has been observed in a forced convection environment. Also, determination of the thermophysical properties of the spherical food product for three different radial positions, i.e. XC= 0.042 m (centre), XM= 0.028 mm (middle) and XS= 0.014 m (surface), has been carried out. The effect of different air velocities and different radial positions on temperature profile of food product was detected. It has been noticed that proper choice of cold air velocity can decrease cooling time of spherical food product, hence resulting in energy saving.

Pro-Health Education of Youth in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Abstract Nowadays, thanks to greater awareness of society and development of restorative medicine, more and more attention is paid to preventive care. That is caused by the fact that there is little progress for both sexes in the frequency of healthy behavior: girls fall much worse than boys in terms of frequency of physical activity, they do not eat breakfast either; boys do not maintain a healthy diet and are reluctant to eat vegetables and fruits, they often drink high-calorie sodas and less frequently brush teeth. Though with age some improvements in oral hygiene and certain eating behaviors can be noticed. It has been determined that overweight and obesity is a serious problem, as they can contribute to developmental disorders. In this respect it should be the responsibility of teachers to provide individual physical education (according to medical qualifications), prevent various forms of discrimination and bullying among peers, provide individual counseling and health education, weight control of students. It has been defined that for modern teachers it is a difficult task as students rarely eat fruits and vegetables, do not care about hygiene and frequency of meals, have passive mode of leisure. The acquisition of health during puberty allows functioning smoothly in society. However, despite the continuous work on improving and introduction of new programs of health education classes into schools of Poland, children still suffer from health-related problems. According to epidemiological research most of children in Poland fall on obesity, overweight and accompanying disorders and allergies. Youth is also exposed to accidents and related injuries. The problem is that students do not receive assistance and necessary information.

ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN KLASTER HORTIKULTURA DI KABUPATEN NGAWI

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Nurul Istiqomah ◽  
Nunung Sri Mulyani ◽  
Izza Mafruhah ◽  
Dewi Ismoyowati
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Base Points ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Indonesia as an agricultural country has the potential to compete in the agricultural market in the international market, in line with the existence of the ASEAN / ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) Free Market. Ngawi Regency is a fertile area and is one of the buffer zones of the agricultural sector in East Java. Horticulture commodities are one of the main sources in the agricultural sector, because they have high potential and can contribute to the economy of a region. Horticultural commodities in the form of fruits and vegetables are an important food source to meet the nutritional needs of the community. Agriculture with a focus on horticultural crops in Ngawi Regency was developed with a cluster system based on the level of progress, harvest area and by considering agro-climate to map the superior horticultural commodities. The purpose of this study was to map the conditions of horticultural agriculture and analyze problems in the cluster of horticulture plants in Ngawi Regency. The research method is a mixed method using descriptive analysis, Geographic Information System (GIS), and using the Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP). The conclusion of this study is that the potential development of horticultural clusters in Ngawi Regency requires structuring and developing the location of base commodities in accordance with the conditions of the agro-ecosystem. The development of existing commodities at these base points will make the commodity superior and support the creation of horticultural cluster centers and the development of existing agribusiness in an area. Development of horticulture base commodities for seasonal vegetables and fruits can be adjusted to the LQ results for each sub-district in Ngawi Regency. The results of the Indepth interview processed using AHP obtained results that in fact there were three main factors in the development of clusters, namely production consisting of four derivative factors namely research and development, superior seeds, fertilizers and anti-pest drugs and then marketing with derivative factors namely product standardization, packaging , traditional markets and modern markets. Then the third factor of the institution consists of training, networking, government support and assistance. 

Examination of Conditions for the Determination of Carbamate Pesticides in Soils

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1632-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Věra Tatarkovičová ◽  
Zdeněk Stránský
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Purification Procedure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carbamate Pesticides ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Extracting Solvent

The procedure for the determination of carbamate pesticides in soil was optimized. The following factors affecting the final results were investigated: extracting solvent, extraction procedure, extract purification procedure, and soil type. Triple extraction with acetone and purification of the extract on a two-stage purification column containing an activated carbon-silica gel 1+1 mixture were found optimal. The extracts after treatment were analyzed by RP-HPLC with UV detection. The method developed allows carbamate pesticides in soil to be determined at concentrations in excess of 30 μg kg-1.

scholarly journals Microbial Biocontrol as an Alternative to Synthetic Fungicides: Boundaries between Pre- and Postharvest Applications on Vegetables and Fruits

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Michele Sellitto ◽  
Severino Zara ◽  
Fabio Fracchetti ◽  
Vittorio Capozzi ◽  
Tiziana Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
And Storage

From a ‘farm to fork’ perspective, there are several phases in the production chain of fruits and vegetables in which undesired microbial contaminations can attack foodstuff. In managing these diseases, harvest is a crucial point for shifting the intervention criteria. While in preharvest, pest management consists of tailored agricultural practices, in postharvest, the contaminations are treated using specific (bio)technological approaches (physical, chemical, biological). Some issues connect the ‘pre’ and ‘post’, aligning some problems and possible solution. The colonisation of undesired microorganisms in preharvest can affect the postharvest quality, influencing crop production, yield and storage. Postharvest practices can ‘amplify’ the contamination, favouring microbial spread and provoking injures of the product, which can sustain microbial growth. In this context, microbial biocontrol is a biological strategy receiving increasing interest as sustainable innovation. Microbial-based biotools can find application both to control plant diseases and to reduce contaminations on the product, and therefore, can be considered biocontrol solutions in preharvest or in postharvest. Numerous microbial antagonists (fungi, yeasts and bacteria) can be used in the field and during storage, as reported by laboratory and industrial-scale studies. This review aims to examine the main microbial-based tools potentially representing sustainable bioprotective biotechnologies, focusing on the biotools that overtake the boundaries between pre- and postharvest applications protecting quality against microbial decay.

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